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The impact of intestinal flora on human and animal health and diseases has attracted much attention both at home and abroad in recent years. The intestinal flora constitutes the intestinal microecosystem and plays an important role in physiological activities such as nutrition, metabolism, growth and development, barrier protection, and immunity. In this article, the relationship between intestinal dysbiosis and psychiatric diseases has been reviewed from two aspects:metagenomic characterization of intestinal microflora diversity in neurological diseases and validation of the relationship between intestinal flora and psychiatric diseases by fecal bacteria transplantation in germ-free mice. In addition, the microbial-gut-brain axis theory has been proposed in recent years, which links the nerve-endocrine-immune system to form a two-way signaling pathway. Intestinal flora plays an important role in regulating the central nervous system by promoting neurotransmitter release, endocrine, and immunity. The system plays an important role. Changes in intestinal flora mainly affect the host's nervous system through vagus nerve pathways, endocrine pathways, immune pathways, etc, thereby triggering or aggravating depression, autism, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, etc. This article reviews the relationships between host-related neurological abnormalities, intestinal flora imbalance and mental diseases, and discusses the research methods, research progress, and mechanism of the correlation between intestinal flora imbalance and mental diseases to research progress on microbe-gut-brain axis.
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Objective: To explore the value of cadaveric vein allografts in hepatic vein reconstruction in adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Methods: The clinical data of 9 recipients, who underwent LDLT (including the hepatic vein reconstruction) in the right liver lobe without middle hepatic vein (MHV) from June 2007 to January 2008, were retrospectively analyzed. The cadaveric vein allografts were stored in 4°C UW solution within seven days and were used for construction of large hepatic veins such as: tributaries of the middle hepatic vein from V, VIII and right inferior hepatic vein. Results: Cadaveric interposition vein allografts were used for venous reconstruction in 9 (81.8%) of 11 cases receiving a modified right liver graft, 6 cases receiving one-vein reconstruction, cases receiving two-vein reconstruction and 1 case receiving three-vein reconstruction. Only 1 recipient died of renal failure and severe pulmonary infection on day 14 after transplantation without any hemiliver venous outflow obstruction. Doppler ultrasound showed no thrombosis and the blood flowed smoothly in the other 7 recipients during the 9 to 15 months follow-up period. The cumulative patency rates of the 8 survivals for interposition vein grafts were 72.7% (8/11), 54.5% (6/11), and 36.5% (4/11) at 3, 6, and 9 months, respectively. The regeneration of paramedian sectors was equivalent. Conclusion: Cadaveric vein allograft is safe, simple, and effective in adult-to-adult right lobe living donor liver transplantation for hepatic vein reconstruction.
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Objective: To investigate the modification of the technique for establishing rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats with similar body weights were selected as the donors and recipients. Two protocols were used for establishing orthotopic liver transplantation model in rats: one was Kamada's two-cuff method and the other was modified two-cuff method. The major modifications included the improvement of the anastomosis of superior and inferior vena cava, improvement of anastomosis between the portal vein and hepatic inferior vena cava, and the improvement of total bile duct reconstruction. The successful rate of operation, total operation time, anhepatic time, and the recipient operative time were recorded and compared in 2 groups. Results: The successful rates of the original and modified methods were 78.9%(71/90) and 91.7% (55/60), respectively(P<0.05). No differences were found between the 2 groups in the total operative time, anhepatic time, and the recipient operative time. Conclusion: The modified model is simple and easy to be made, and can serve as a stable model for the study of liver transplantation.
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Objective To investigate the therapeutic method of metabolic acidosis in long-term sur- vival patients undergoing simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation.Methods A 45-year-old fe- male patient,who had undergone simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation(due to diabetic ne- phropathy and uremia)with bladder drainage 2 years before,developed severe metabolic acidosis,and thus underwent surgical conversion from bladder to ileal drainage.The procedure was as follows.The stoma of duo- denocystostomy was isolated and resected.The site of cystostomy was closed in two layers.The graft duode- num was then anastomosed to a loop of the recipient's ileum,which was proximal 40 cm from the ileocecum in a side-to-side manner.Results The metabolic acidosis resolved postoperatively.The patient received conventional immunosuppressants.The hospital stay was 30d.Follow-up of 4 years showed normal pancreas and kidney functions.Conclusions Conversion from bladder to ileal drainage is safe and effective for metabolic acidosis related to the exocrine secretions of bladder drained pancreas graft in simultaneous pancre- as and kidney transplant recipients.
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Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of microemulsified cyclosporine(Neoral)and tacrolimus(FK506) for immunodepression after Iiver transplantation.Methods:According to the including criteria,fifteen randomized controlled trials were enrolled in this analysis.The data of trial design,characteristics of the subjects,and findings of the studies were reviewed and analyzed by RevMan 4.2.8 software.Results:The patient survival rate,graft survival rate,incidence of nephrotoxicity,and incidence of infection were not significantly different between Neoral and FK506 groups,with the relative risk and(95% CI,P)being 0.99(0.96-1.02,0.37),0.97(0.92-1.03,0.30),0.99(0.87-1.13,0.86)and 1.08(0.97-1.20, 0.16),respectively.The incidences of hypertension(1.34[1.15-1.55,0.000 1])and acute rejection(1.15[1.06-1.25,0.001]) were significantly lower in the FK506 group,with no significant difference found in the degree of acute rejection(1.00[0.92- 1.22],0.98).Interestingly,the incidence of diabetes was significantly higher in the FK506 group within 1 year after the operation,but was similar to that of the Neoral group thereafter,with relative risk(95%CI,P)being 0.72(0.62-0.83,