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Aim To study the protective effect of icariin on the impairment of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and the underlying mechanism. Methods The proliferation of BMSCs was evaluated by MTT assay, the morphological change of apoptotic cells was tested by using the chromatin dye Hoechst 33258, and the apoptotic rate was analyzed by flow cytometry. The proteins expression of cleaved caspase-3 was detected with Western blotting, the activity of caspase-3 was detected by Activity Assay Kit; iNOS and TNOS were detected by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) assay kit. Results MTT detection showed that 5-FU could reduce the survival rate of BMSCs, 10, 20, 40 μmol · L-1ICA could promote the proliferation of BMSCs, and blocked the inhibition of BMSCs cells growth induced by 5-FU. When BMSCs cells were treated by both ICA (10, 20 p, mol · L-1) and 5-FU (2.5×l0-2g· L-1) for 48 hours, compared with model group, the early apoptotic rates of ICA test groups were significantly reduced (P < 0. 01), the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and the activity of caspase-3 were significantly reduced (P < 0. 01), and the activity of iNOS and TNOS was inhibited in a certain degree (P < 0. 05). Conclusions ICA could protect BMSCs against 5-FU-induced damage. The protective role of ICA is probably related to reducing the activity of iNOS and TNOS, inhibiting the activation of caspase-3, and inhibiting the occurrence of apoptosis.
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Objectives:To investigate the factors related to the long-term outcome for patients after severe traumatic brain injury. Methods:From January, 2015 to December, 2018, 135 patients with severe traumatic brain injury were selected. Their gender, age (of onset), education level, injury sites, and lesion side were recorded, and they were assessed with Disability Rating Scale (DRS), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) for motor and balance and modified Barthel Index (MBI). They were assessed with DRS again one year after discharge. Results:The age (r = 0.188), early DRS score (r = 0.530), MMSE score (r = -0.376), FMA for motor (r = -0.284) and balance (r = -0.425) score, MBI score (r = -0.480), brain stem injury (r = 0.194) and diffuse brain injury (r = 0.202) were related to DRS scores as follow-up (P < 0.05); while, the gender (r = -0.175), early DRS score (r = 0.586), MMSE score (r = -0.242), FMA for motor (r = -0.301) and balance (r = -0.228) score, MBI score (r = -0.367) and occipital lobe injury (r = 0.209) were related to difference of DRS (P < 0.05). Conclusion:The age, early cognitive and motor dysfunction are related with the outcome of one year of patients after severe traumatic brain injury. More researches are needed to explore the impact of injury sites on the outcome.
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Many cognition related neurotransmitters varied after traumatic brain injury, such as dopamine, acetylcholine, norepi-nephrine, and excitatory amino acids, etc. This paper summarized the changes of these neurotransmitters and their recep-tors in different stages after traumatic brain injury.
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<p><b>PURPOSE</b>To investigate the profiles of cognitive impairment through Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in patients with chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI) or stroke and to evaluate the sensitivity of the two scales in patients with TBI.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this cohort study, a total of 230 patients were evaluated, including TBI group (n = 103) and stroke group (n = 127). The cognitive functions of two groups were evaluated by designated specialists using MoCA (Beijing version) and MMSE (Chinese version).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Comparedwith the patientswith stroke, the patientswith TBI received significantly lower score in orientation subtest and recall subtest in both tests.MoCA abnormal rates in the TBI group and stroke group were 94.17% and 86.61% respectively,whileMMSE abnormal rateswere 69.90% and 57.48%, respectively. In the TBI group, 87.10% patientswith normalMMSE score had abnormalMoCA score and in the stroke group, about 70.37% patients with normal MMSE score had abnormal MoCA score. The diagnostic consistency of two scales in the TBI group and the stroke group were 72% and 69%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In our rehabilitation center, patients with TBI may have more extensive and severe cognitive impairments than patients with stroke, prominently in orientation and recall domain. In screening post- TBI cognitive impairment, MoCA tends to be more sensitive than MMSE.</p>
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Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Brain Injuries, Traumatic , Psychology , Cognitive Dysfunction , Cohort Studies , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Stroke , PsychologyABSTRACT
@#ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of age on long-term prognosis of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods102 inpatients with TBI were evaluated by following-up, using Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), Functioning Item of Disability Rating Scale (DRS-F) , Employability Item of Disability Rating Scale (DRS-E) and Quality of Life Index (QLI).ResultsThe average age of 102 cases was 29.7±12.5. There were no significant differences among different groups in GOS and DRS-F (P>0.05), but the level of DRS-E or QLI showed much higher in <27 years old group than those in >45 years old group (P<0.01).ConclusionThe factor of age may affect the long-term prognosis of TBI, quality of life and employability of young patients are better than elder patients.
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@#In the acute phase of traumatic brain injury or cerebrovascular disease,disorders of hypothalamic-pituitary-cortical axis,hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis may exist.The main cause is primary or secondary impairment of hypothalamus as well as pituitary after brain injury.Most of the variations of endocrine after acute brain injuries may be temporary and reversible,but some patients will accompany with hypopituitarism or neuroendocrine deficiency.It is important to set a guideline to decide who and when to test.Hormone replacement therapy should also be verified if it can improve the outcome of patients with brain injuries.