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Objective:To establish a HPLC fingerprint detection method of Plantaginis Semen, and analyze the samples from different producing areas in Jiangxi province by combining with chemical pattern recognition method, and the contents of five ingredients in Plantaginis Semen were determined. Method:A total of 34 batches of Plantaginis Semen medicinal materials were detected by HPLC. The similarity evaluation was carried out by the 2012 edition of similarity evaluation system of chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine. The chromatographic peak information was used as the data source, and three chemical pattern recognition methods were used to comprehensively analyze the quality of this medicinal herb. Quantitative analysis was performed on the 5 active components, including geniposidic acid, plantamajoside, acteoside, galuteolin and isoacteoside. Result:The similarities between Plantaginis Semen samples from different producing areas in Jiangxi province were >0.86. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) could distinguish samples from different producing areas, and be used to determine the chemical components, which had strong correlation with the quality of Plantaginis Semen. The contents of 5 active components in samples from different producing areas were different to some degree, especially in the content of plantamajoside. Conclusion:The established HPLC fingerprint of Plantaginis Semen has strong characteristics, combined with chemical pattern recognition method, it can effectively evaluate the quality of Plantaginis Semen and distinguish its producing areas.
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BACKGROUND: Orthodontic treatment can improve facial aesthetics by changing the position of nose and chin. Therefore, fully-understanding of the nasal morphology and craniomaxillofacial structure is critical for the design of orthodontic treatment, so as to avoid the postoperative facial incongruity. OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation of nose morphology index with sex, sagittal skeletal features and vertical skeletal features and its differences in adults of Luzhou, and to explore the relationship between nasal parameters and craniofacial parameters, thereby providing references for the diagnosis and design of orthodontics. METHODS: Totally 240 adult patients in the Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University between 2014 and 2016 were enrolled, and X-ray examination of the oral and maxillofacial region was performed to measure the 27 related indexes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results of the three-factor ANOVA showed that sex-related significant factors in certain nasal parameters included nasal length, nasal tip height, alarheight, hump, soft-tissue facial convexity, columella convexity, and nasal bone length (P < 0.05). The sagittal skeletal features significantly influenced four nasal parameters including hump, nasolabialangle, nasomentalangle, soft-tissue facial convexity (P < 0.05). The vertical skeletal features were found to be significant for nasal-bone length, soft-tissue facial convexity (P < 0.05). Sex was found to be a significant correlation in nasal morphology and nasal size and nasal protrusion of the male were larger than those of the female. Sagittal skeletal classification had obvious influence on certain nasal parameters, but there were no significant differences in the nasal size among skeletal patterns. Vertical skeletal classification had obvious influence on certain nasal parameters. To conclude, nasal length, prominence, and form are associated with height, length and anteroposterior/vertical position of the maxilla and mandible.
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Objective To compare the different methods of administration of diacetyl (DA)-established bronchiolitis obliterans (BO)murine model so as to establish a simple,easy-to-operate and stable BO murine model. Methods SPF grade C57BL/6 male mice (6 to 8 weeks)were randomly divided into four groups with 10 mice in each group:oropharyngeal aspiration group (OPR),intratracheal instillation group (ITI),and control groups (OPR-CON and ITI-CON).OPR group was treated with DA (400 mg/kg,327 mg/kg)by oropharyngeal aspiration;ITI group received DA (400 mg/kg,327 mg/mL)through intratracheal instillation;OPR-CON group and ITI-CON group were treated with sterilized distilled water instead of DA,while the other experimental conditions were the same as those in OPR and ITI groups.The mice were kept in SPF-class animal center for 7 d to collect specimens. Collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)and the left lung were examined pathologically.Results Male C57 BL/6 mice were treated with a single dose of DA (400 mg/kg,327 mg/kg)by OPR or ITI,which could establish BO model.The successful model was evaluated by pulmonary function,BALF counts and pathological examination. Airway hyperresponsiveness occurred with the two-method resulted BO.And two methods of instilling DA resulted in airway injury,lumen occlusion,infiltration of inflammatory cells in the airway and around the vessels.The mortality rate of mice was up to 60% and the success of model construction was only 20% in BO model by oropharyngeal aspiration of DA,while that in ITI group mortality was only 30%,the success of model construction was up to 60%.There was no death in control groups.Conclusion BO murine model could be successfully established by OPR or ITI of DA (400 mg/kg,327 mg/mL).However,the BO model was established well by ITI of DA with lower mortality rate.Therefore,ITI of DA-established BO murine model is recommended for use.
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Rice leaf color mutants play a great role in research about the formation and development of chloroplasts and the genetic mechanism of the chlorophyll (Chl) metabolism pathway. pgl3 is a rice leaf color mutant derived from Xiushui11 (Oryza sativa L. spp. japonica), treated with ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS). The mutant exhibited a pale-green leaf (pgl) phenotype throughout the whole development as well as reduced grain quality. Map-based cloning of PGL3 revealed that it encodes the chloroplast signal recognition particle 43 kDa protein (cpSRP43). PGL3 affected the Chl synthesis by regulating the expression levels of the Chl synthesis-associated genes. Considerable reactive oxygen species were accumulated in the leaves of pgl3, and the transcription levels of its scavenging genes were down-regulated, indicating that pgl3 can accelerate senescence. In addition, high temperatures could inhibit the plant's growth and facilitate the process of senescence in pgl3.
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Chlorophyll/metabolism , Chloroplasts/metabolism , Cloning, Molecular , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Genes, Plant , Hot Temperature , Mutation , Oryza/physiology , Phenotype , Photosynthesis , Plant Leaves/metabolism , Plant Proteins/genetics , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolismABSTRACT
ObjectiveIsoproterenol (ISO) stimulates the β2-adrenoceptor to enhance osteoclast formation, thus accelerating bone resorption. This study was to explore the effect of β-adrenoceptor agonist ISO on orthodontic tooth movement in rats.MethodsForty healthy 8-week-old SD male rats with the upper right first molar moved proximally by 50 g force application were randomly divided into an ISO and a control group and injected intraperitoneally with ISO at 5 mg/kg/d and the same amount of saline, respectively. Five rats were sacrificed in each group after 0, 7, 14 and 21 days of orthodontic force application and the upper right maxillary harvested for measuring the distance of movement of the upper right first molar, observing the changes in the periodontal tissue by HE staining, and counting the osteoclasts by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining (TRAP).ResultsAt 7, 14 and 21 days of orthodontic force application, the tooth movement distance was significantly larger in the ISO group (\[0.52±0.04\], \[0.84±0.05\] and \[1.11±0.15\] mm) than in the control (\[0.40±0.07\], \[0.62±0.06\] and \[0.85±0.07\] mm) (P<0.05). On HE staining, the alveolar bone resorption at the pressure side was the most significant at 14 days, and obvious new bone formation was observed in the alveolar bone at 21 days. At 7, 14 and 21 days, TRAP staining showed remarkably larger numbers of osteoclasts in the ISO group (13.8±3.3, 24±6.3 and 18.8±2.6) than in the control (9.6±1.9, 14.6±3.7, 10.4±3.1) (P<0.05).ConclusionIsoproterenol can increase the number of osteoclasts and accelerate the movement of the orthodontic tooth in rats.
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Objective By comparing the accuracy of different multi-rigid-body models used for simulating walking process of elderly women, to explore the effect of walking speed on the load of knee joints based on the obtained optimal model. Methods In human motion simulation software ADAMS/LifeMOD, the individualized human body models with 19 (M1), 16 (M2) or 12 (M3) links and the corresponding grounds were established, respectively. Then, the dynamic simulation of gait based on 3 models was conducted in turn. Results By comparing the vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), the walking time, the lower extremity joint angles among 3 models, M2 was the most applicable model to reproduce the real performance of gait. When elderly woman fastened their walking speed, the peak values of vGRF, the knee joint torque and power peak were all increased significantly. Conclusions It is suggested that elderly women should do more training for their quadriceps to improve their walking behavior. The research findings also provide references for rehabilitation treatment of knee osteoarthritis patients in clinic.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>A qualitative research was conducted to investigate the problems on the family management of asthmatic children and the needs for family health services in order to provide basis for family-centered care.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifteen caregivers of children with asthma were interviewed with open-ended questions. The collected data were studied using Colaizzi's seven-step method of phenomenological analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The problems of family management and the needs for family health services were shown as follows: insufficient knowledge to prevention and treatment of asthma, poor compliance, ignoring psychological effects of asthma on children, a family's failure to cope with the distress and financial burden.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>It is important to provide asthma education and prevention program for caregivers and encourage them to participate in the design of medical program for asthmatic children. Individual asthma education and guides are also necessary for caregivers.</p>
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Asthma , Psychology , Therapeutics , Caregivers , Education , Psychology , Needs Assessment , Patient Education as Topic , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the value of multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) with three dimensional (3D) reconstruction in the diagnosis of neoplastic lesions in the jawbones.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-three patients with neoplastic lesions of the jawbones underwent MSCT scanning with 3D reconstruction. Of these patients, 14 had ameloblastoma, 8 had hemangioma, 3 had osteosarcoma, 3 had ossifying fibroma, 2 had chondrosarcoma, 2 had fibrosarcoma, and 1 had odontogenic myxoma. Preoperative MSCT scanning was performed with the slice thickness of 2 mm, and 3D reconstruction of the images was conducted by means of multi-planar reconstruction (MPR), curved-planar reformation (CRP), and 3D volume rendering technique (VRT). The results were compared with those observed during the operations.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the 33 cases, the neoplastic lesions of the jawbones were displayed by 2D or 3D imaging and confirmed by intraoperative findings. Two-dimensional imaging allowed better observation than 3D imaging of the deep structures, whereas 3D imaging was superior in visualizing the morphological changes of the compromised bones and the spatial relationship between the tumors and surrounding structures. Two-dimensional imaging and MPR were excellent in revealing the internal structures and pathological changes of tumors, having also better performance in showing the tumors involving the soft tissues. Benign tumors were most visualized as bone expansion changes with well defined ovoid or lobulated borderlines, and malignant ones often resulted in adjacent bony destruction and soft tissue masses.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MSCT examination is useful in defining the scope of tumor involvement and bony changes to help in the definite diagnosis, differential diagnosis and choice of clinical treatment. Two-dimensional imaging, MPR, VRT and CRP have their respective advantages and limitations in showing jawbone tumor, and their combination can be of great clinical value.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Ameloblastoma , Diagnosis , Hemangioma , Diagnosis , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Methods , Jaw , Diagnostic Imaging , Jaw Neoplasms , Diagnosis , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Tomography, Spiral Computed , MethodsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Tracheobronchomalacia is one of the common respiratory tract dysplasia in children. Its symptoms are nonspecific, and routine methods are unreliable in the assessment of tracheobronchomalacia in children. In addition, many physicians are confused about its clinical characteristics, so tracheobronchomalacia is often underdiagnosed. The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical features of tracheobronchomalacia in children and to investigate the diagnostic value of flexible bronchoscopy for children with tracheobronchomalacia.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>For diagnosis and treatment, 229 children out of 4725 patients hospitalized in the division of respiratory disorders were examined by Olympus BF3c-20 flexible bronchoscopy or by Olympus BF-P20 flexible bronchoscopy under general anesthesia with propofol, in Chongqing Children's Hosptial from April 2004 to April 2006. Fifty-three cases were confirmed to have tracheobronchomalacia by bronchoscopy, patients' data including airway lesion, age, sex, clinical characteristics, aided examinations, treatment, final outcomes, were collected and analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Of the 53 children with tracheobronchomalacia, 31 were not suspected for this diagnosis prior to bronchoscopy, who were instead misdiagnosed as refractory pneumonia, difficult-to-control asthma, bronchial foreign body, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and pulmonary atelectasis of unknown origin or bronchiolitis. (2) In the 53 children with tracheobronchomalacia aged one month to eight years, 41 were infants, 6 were younger than two years, 4 were younger than 3 years and the rest 2 cases were older than 3 years. The risk of tracheobronchomalacia related inversely with ages. Ten cases were girls and 43 were boys. (3) Eleven cases had tracheomalacia, 24 bronchomalacia, 18 tracheobronchomalacia; 12 cases had malacia on left lung, 11 on right lung, 19 on both sides; 21 children were mild cases, 25 moderate cases, 7 severe cases. (4) In the 53 children with tracheobronchomalacia, 28 had recurrent or prolonged wheezing, 16 chronic cough, 5 recurrent respiratory infections, 2 atelectasis of unknown origin, and 2 dyspnea.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The infants and toddlers seem to be predisposed more to the bronchomalacia than the older children. Clinical features of children with airway malacia were variable and atypical, expiratory stridor and cough are the most commonly reported symptoms. Flexible bronchoscopy should be regarded as a "golden standard" method for diagnosing TBM.</p>
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Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Bronchoscopy , Tracheobronchomalacia , Diagnosis , PathologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the therapeutic reason of orthodontic patients in Luzhou.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A questionnaire investigation was made for the following randomly chosen people: 452 teenage patients from orthodontic department of stomatology hospital affiliated to Luzhou Medical College were brought into treatment group. 600 students from Luzhou No. 2 Middle School were brought into non-treatment group. The questionnaire investigation was conducted to two groups. The results were statistically analysed with SPSS 10.0.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The main aim for orthodontic treatment was to align the teeth. (2) 37.39% of the patients accepted orthodontic treatment for parent's demand. (3) 76.1% of the patients expected to align the dentition. (4) Most people in treatment group could accept the time and expenses in the orthodontic treatment, but most people of non-treatment group could not accept the expenses in the orthodontic treatment. (5) Most people thought appearance was important.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Aesthetic is the main reason for orthodontic patients.</p>
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Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Dentition , Malocclusion , Orthodontics, CorrectiveABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the root resorption caused by edgewise appliance combined with flat bite plate treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>65 patients with edgewise technique and flat bite plate treatment were chosen. All patients were taken panoramic radiograph before flat bite plate treatment, immediately after flat bite plate treatment and 6 months after flat bite plate treatment. Root resorption grade of mandibular permanent incisors were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were statistical difference in the root resorption grade of three groups (P < 0.05), but there was no statistical difference between male and female (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Flat bite plate can cause root resorption of mandibular permanent incisors, but the root resorption is slight.</p>