ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the molecular epidemiological characteristics on HIV infectors/AIDS patients (HIV/AIDS) under a follow-up program in Zhejiang province in 2009.Methods 303 cases were randomly sampled.Information on the cases was collected and followed by genomic DNA extraction.Gag gene fragments were amplified by nested PCR,followed by sequencing and bio-informatic analysis.Results The rate of success for sequence acquisition was 74.3％ (225/303).Distributions of HIV subtypes were as follows:CRF01_AE (58.7％),CRF07_BC (13.8％),CRF08_BC (9.8％),B' (15.1％),C (1.8％),G (0.4％) and unassigned BC (unique recombinant form 0.4％).Results from the HIV BLAST analysis showed that the sources of strains with the highest homology involved in 10 provinces/municipalities (Liaoning,Guangxi,Yunnan,Henan,etc.) and five other countries (Thailand,Vietnam,India,South Africa and Libya).The CRF01 _AE phylogenetic tree was divided into four clusters.The sequences of HIV/AIDS with homosexual transmission showed a gathering in cluster 1,and mixing with those infected through heterosexual contact.Conclusion Circulating recombinant forms of HIV seemed to play a dominant role in Zhejiang province.Unique recombinant form and new subtype of HIV were found.People living with HIV under homosexual transmission and heterosexual transmission had a trend of interwoven with each other.Increase of both the diversity and complexity of HIV strains were also noticed in Zhejiang province.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the molecular epidemiological characteristics of HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE strains being prevailed among HIV/AIDS in Zhejiang province in 2009.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 303 subjects were identified by stratified random sampling among HIV infected individuals in Zhejiang province in 2009. Gag fragments of the HIV-1 strains were amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction from the DNA extracted from whole blood of HIV-1 infected individuals. PCR products were sequenced and analyzed by phylogenetic method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 132 HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE sequences were identified from the 225 samples that sequenced successfully, accounting for 58.67% (132/225). A total of 90.91% (120/132) CRF01_AE strains infected HIV/AIDS were transmitted mainly by sexual contacts. A total of 65.91% (87/132) of the cases infected by heterosexual route and 25.00% (33/132) by homosexual route. There were three main clusters in the phylogenetic tree. Pairwise DNA distance within three groups was 0.037 ± 0.011, 0.034 ± 0.008 and 0.047 ± 0.010, which has statistical significance (P < 0.05). Distribution of the sequence of homosexual behavior infected individuals was relatively concentrated in clusters one (96.97%, 32/33), and crossed with heterosexual behavior infectors, and presented the close relations with strains from Jiangsu province, Zhengzhou of Henan province, Liaoning province, Shijiazhuang of Hebei province.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The CRF01_AE strains were the dominant subtypes among HIV infected individuals. The majority of the CRF01_AE infected cases had high risk sexual behavior. The heterosexual infected cases were more than homosexual cases. The circulating status of CRF01_AE strains in homosexual population was relatively independent, but also had evidence of transmission from man who have sex with man to heterosexual population.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Epidemiology , Virology , China , Epidemiology , Genetic Variation , HIV-1 , Classification , Genetics , Molecular Epidemiology , PhylogenyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the possibility of Bacteroides spp. as fecal contamination indicator bacteria with real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) assay through analyzing the correlation between Bacteroides spp. and coliform group in external environment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Quantity of coliform group and Bacteroides in water samples were detected by most-probable-number method (MPN) and RT-PCR, respectively, and their detection correlation was evaluated with linear correlation analysis. Both methods were also applied to detect the contaminated time limits and river water samples collected at four sampling sites in three different times.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seventy two hours were needed for the numeration of coliform group with MPN method, while RT-PCR could detect Bacteroides within 3 hours. The contaminated time limit of indoor and outdoor water samples of coliform group was more than 40 days and 9 days, and Bacteroides 13 days and 5 days, respectively. Also, the positive correlation between the quantity of Bacteroides and coliform group in outdoor water samples was obtained, the quantity of Bacteroides was from 8.3 × 10(6) copies/ml to less than 10(4) copies/ml during the first day to the fifth day, while coliform group was 4.3 × 10(6) MPN/100 ml to 2.4 × 10(3) MPN/100 ml. A 100% coincidence rate of the detection results with both methods was also observed. These results indicated that the detection results of both methods had perfect consistency.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Bacteroides spp. can be potentially used as fecal contamination indicator bacteria with RT-PCR rapid detection.</p>