ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the reproductive system impairment induced by cocaine in adult male rats and the possible underlying mechanism.@*METHODS@#Thirty adult male rats were randomly divided into experimental and control groups, with 15 rats in each group. Rats of the experimental group were injected cocaine hydrochloride (15 mg/kg body weight) subcutaneously daily for four weeks. The weight of body and testis, as well as the level of serum hormone of the rats were examined. In addition, the apoptosis rate of testicular tissue by TUNEL and the expression of Fas gene in testicular tissue were examined by immunohistochemistry.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control, the weight of testis in the cocaine exposed group decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the serum testosterone level decreased significantly (P<0.05). Moreover, both the apoptosis rate and the expression of Fas gene increased in the testicular tissue of rats in the cocaine exposed group in comparison to the control group (P<0.05). The apoptosis rate was significantly correlated with the expression of Fas gene (r=0.9012, P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Cocaine may cause reproductive system injury in adult male rats, and Fas-mediated apoptosis may be one of the functional mechanisms involved in the reproductive system injuried by cocaine.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism , Apoptosis/drug effects , Cocaine/adverse effects , Forensic Toxicology , Molecular Chaperones , Nuclear Proteins/metabolism , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Spermatids/pathology , Substance-Related Disorders , Testis/pathology , Testosterone/bloodABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the basic principles and important rules of forensic identification of adverse drug events and to accumulate basic data and to provide references for forensic identification of similar cases.@*METHODS@#Thirty-three cases of adverse drug events in our forensic identification files were retrospectively reviewed, analyzed, and summarized.@*RESULTS@#There were 27 live and 6 dead victims included in this study. Our study showed a gradually increasing numbers of adverse drug cases in forensic identification year by year with a slight female predominance (20/33 cases, 60.6%). Of the 33 victims, nearly two-thirds (21/33, 63.6%) were due to hospital errors including only one case of drug overdose (1/21, 4.8%), whereas the rest were not related to the hospital errors. Eight cases (8/33, 24.2%) were caused by illegal medical practitioners due to improper use of medication.@*CONCLUSION@#Investigators need to pay more attention to the characteristics and complexities of adverse drug events on a case by case basis encountered in increasing numbers of more and more such forensic identification.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Expert Testimony , Forensic Medicine , Health Services Administration/legislation & jurisprudence , Malpractice/statistics & numerical data , Medical Errors/prevention & control , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Sex DistributionABSTRACT
In recent years, mental disability estimation are more than ever in the practice of forensic psychiatric expertise. The standards about mental disability estimation in the Disability Evaluation Criteria of Traffic Accident Injury are ambiguous and difficult to operate, it cause to different understanding in one case. This article discuss some common questions through 3 aspects in mental disability expertise according to some typical cases, there are the first, we should compare the IQ score before and after injurious in intelligence estimate. The second, the mental disability estimation should be done at least one year after the end of medicine treatment. The third, mental estimate scale should be used in mental disability estimation.