Clinical features of children with acute focal bacterial nephritis / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical features of acute focal bacterial nephritis (AFBN) in children,and to evaluate the strategy of diagnosis and therapy on children with AFBN,avoiding any blind spots of clinical treatment.Methods The clinical features of 12 cases of AFBN children admitted in Shenzhen Children's Hospital from Jan.2006 to Dec.2012 were analyzed.The clinical features and treatment strategy of AFBN were summarized.ResultsSeven in 12 cases(58.3％) were younger than 1 year old,fever was the initial and cardinal symptom,most cases were lack of typical or local urinary symptoms and signs.Peripheral blood leukoeytes,C-reactive protein and procalcitonin were highly increased in all cases,comparing with simple urinary tract infection.Five cases combined with pyeloureterectasis.One case combined with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).Blood culture:staphylococcus aureus (1 case),staphylococcus epidermidis (1 case),E.Coli (2 cases).Urine culture:E.Coli (4 cases),E.Coli and enterococcus faecalis (1case),staphylococcus aureus (1 case),white candida yeast (1 case),mixed flora (2 cases).Urinary ultrasound:renal swelling was showed in involved kidney.Echo of renal parenchyma were enhanced or nonuniform,multiple hypoechoic area were easily visible in involved renal parenchyma,with boundary ambiguity.CT or MRI scan:typical findings were reducing perfusion with multiple wedge-shaped or quasi-circular lesions.Broad-spectrum antibacterial treatment was effective and necessary.The medication of antimicrobial was under the guidance of drug susceptibility test.The average course of treatment was 14-55 days.Eleven cases were cured by conservative treatment.Conclusions The morbility of AFBN in young infants are high.The combination of urinary tract deformity,pyeloureterectasis or VUR should be highly vigilant in AFBN children.Imageological inspection of urinary tract is the necessary method on AFBN diagnosis.The major pathogen is E.Coli,which shows a high resistance to antibiotics.Conservative antibacterial treatment is effective in AFBN.

Tooth anatomy risk factors influencing root canal working length accessibility / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

The aim of this study was to analyze the specific influence of root canal anatomy on the accessibility of working length during root canal therapy. Four hundred seventy-six root canal therapy cases (amounting to a total of 1 005 root canals) were examined. The anatomy risk factors assessed in each case included: tooth type (tooth location), root canal curvature, and root canal calcification, as well as endodontic retreatment. The investigation examined the correlation between each of these anatomic factors and the working length, with statistical analysis consisting of Chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression analysis. In an independent factor analysis, tooth type (tooth location), root canal curvature, canal calcification, and endodontic retreatment were determined to be the primary risk factors. In a multiple-factor regression model, root curvature and canal calcification were found to most significantly influence root canal working length accessibility (P<0.05). Root canal anatomy increases the difficulty of root canal preparation. Appropriate consideration of tooth anatomy will assist in accurate determination of preparation difficulty before instrumentation. This study alerts clinical therapists to anatomical factors influencing the working length accessibility, and allows for a direct estimate of success rate given in situ measurements of tooth factors during the root canal treatment procedure.

The clinical analysis on the effects of different difficulty in root canal preparation / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of root canal preparation treated by endodontists of different levels in different difficulty associated with the root canal anatomy factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 422 teeth with 901 root canals were randomly selected from the Conservative Dentistry Department, West China Stomatology Hospital, and these teeth were respectively treated by junior specialist postgraduates, senior specialist postgraduates and endodontic specialists. Grading criteria of root canal risk factor and root canal therapy difficulty assessment were found based on 6 items: Tooth type, working length, root curvature, calcification, number of canals, and the previous endodontic treatment. The effects of root canal preparation with different difficulty in different groups were analyzed with RxC Chi-square test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Success rates of root canal preparation in junior group and senior group during three difficulty groups were statistically different (P < 0.05), and the root canal therapy difficulty group I > group II > group III. The operator factors in root canal therapy difficulty group I and group II were not significantly different P > 0.05). But in root canal therapy difficulty group III, the endodontic specialist group have highest success rate in root canal preparation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The cases of root canal treatment should be treated by endodontist of corresponding level according to the difficulty. In difficult cases, endodontic specialist can provide better root canal preparation result.</p>

Textural research on "Xuelihua" in "Bencao Gangmu Shiyi" (A Supplement to the Compendium of Materia Medica) / 中国中药杂志

To investigate the historical origins of folk herbal medicine 'Xuelihua', the origin of 'Xuelihua' was confirmed by textural, botanical characteristics research, investigation of therapeutic effects and field survey. The 'Xuelihua' which was originally recorded in 'Bencao Gangmu Shiyi' (A Supplement to the Compendium of Materia Medica) should be 'Riben Shegencao' (Ophirrhiza japonica) of Rubiaceae family.

Textural research on Zibei Xiqi in Bencao Gangmu Shiyi (a supplement to compendium of materia medica) / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To research the origin of Zibei Xiqi which included in Volume 3 of < Bencao Gangmu Shiyi > (A supplement to the compendium of materia medica).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The origin of Zibei Xiqi was confirmed with textural, botanical characteristics research and drug name, therapeutic effects and so on.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The origin of Zibei Xiqi was confirmed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The Zibei Xiqi which is recorded in < Bencao Gangmu Shiyi > should be the immature herbs of Shuang Hudie [Tripterospermum chinense, Gentianaceae], and suggest to correct the original records of the drug name.</p>

Association of root canal therapy difficulty with canal anatomic factors in mandibular permanent incisors / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association of root canal therapy difficulty with canal anatomic factors in Chinese mandibular permanent incisors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred and ninety nine Chinese permanent incisors were included in this study. The following anatomic items of the root canal were observed: Root canal length, number of root canal, morphology, curvature, and calcification of pulp chamber and root canal. Based on the root canal therapy evaluation criteria, the root canal therapy difficult scores were assessed. The association of root canal therapy difficulty with canal anatomic factors was analyzed with logistic regression analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The root canal therapy difficulty grade I, grade II and grade Ill in Chinese mandibular permanent incisors were 29.4%, 20.1% and 50.5%, respectively. The root canal therapy difficulty was significantly associated with the root canal length, number, calcification, and curvature (P < 0.005).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The root canal therapy difficulty in Chinese mandibular permanent incisor is significantly with root canal anatomy.</p>

Radiographic anatomy of pulp chamber of Chinese permanent anterior teeth / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study was to measure and analyze the anatomic characteristics of the pulp chamber of Chinese permanent anterior teeth radiographically.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>There were 137 human permanent anterior teeth to be used. The crown length, crown width and crown thickness were measured by vernier caliper. Labial-lingual and mesial-distal radiographs were obtained by parallel technique and Photoshop 8.0 was adopted for measuring the largest labial-lingual length, the largest mesial-distal length, the pulp chamber height and the distance between the lingual surface of the crown and the corresponding wall of the pulp chamber; the ratios of the largest labial-lingual length to the crown thickness, the largest mesial-distal length to the crown width and the pulp chamber height to the crown length were calculated. Finally the coefficients of variance were caculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The ratios of the largest mesial-distal length to the crown width of maxillary and mandibular canines were statistically different from those of the other anterior teeth. There was not statistically significant difference for those ratios either between maxillary and mandibular canines or among incisors. (2) Indexes of the pulp chamber had higher variance than those of the external morphology. (3) The distance between the lingual surface of the crown and the corresponding wall of the pulp chamber had the smallest coefficient of variance. (4) The largest mesial-distal length of the pulp chamber had the largest coefficient of variance, except for the mandibular canines.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This study provided anatomical basis for clinical work; the distance between the lingual surface of the crown and the corresponding wall of the pulp chamber could be used as a depth reference for the endodontic access, and the access should not be extended excessively in mesial-distal direction.</p>

Shaping ability of multi-taper nickel-titanium files in simulated resin curved root canal / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the shaping ability of ISO standard stainless steel K files and multi-taper ProTaper nickel-titanium files in simulated resin curved root canals. METHODS Thirty simulated resin root canals were randomly divided into three groups and prepared by stainless steel K files, hand ProTaper, rotary ProTaper, respectively. The amount of material removed from inner and outer wall and canal width after canal preparation was measured, while the canal curvature before and after canal preparation and canals aberrations were recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The stainless steel K files removed more material than hand ProTaper and rotary ProTaper at the outer side of apex and inner side of curvature (P < 0.05). The mean degree of straightening in stainless steel K files group was significantly bigger than in ProTaper group (P < 0.05). The canals prepared by ProTaper had no evident aberration.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The shaping ability of ProTaper is better than stainless steel K files.</p>