ABSTRACT
Cinobufacini is an extract from skin of Bufo gargarizans, and composed of bufadienolides, peptides, alkaloids and cholesterol. With the deepening of research of its pharmacological effect, it has been proved that cinobufacini has important application value in anti-inflammation, anti-virus, anti-tumor, as well as swelling and pain relief. In recent years, more attention has been given to its anti-tumor activity. The molecular pharmacology studies showed that cinobufacini plays an important role on anti-tumor by enhancing the immunity, inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells, inducing the apoptosis of tumor cells, reversing multidrug resistance of tumor cells, and inhibiting the tumor angiogenesis. Both intrinsic pathway mediated by mitochondria and extrinsic pathway mediated by death receptor are involved in cinobufacini-induced apoptosis. Clinical studies have shown that cinobufacini is broadly used as an anti-tumor traditional Chinese medicine, due to its advantages of low toxicity, less side effects, and wide anticancer spectrum. It is broadly used in the treatment of liver cancer, gastric carcinoma, lung cancer, colon cancer, esophageal carcinoma, carcinoma of gallbladder, and non-Hodgkinlymphoma. Either single or combined application plays an active role in improving the efficacy and reducing side effects. To promote the research of anti-tumor activity of cinobufacini, and expand its application prospects, this review focuses on anti-tumor mechanism and clinical application of cinobufacini.
ABSTRACT
Chinese traditional patent medicine for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis(PBCRBS) originated from traditional Chinese medicine theory and had approved efficacy and safety standards. However, its compatibility regularity and anti-thrombotic mechanism is not clear. To analyze the compatibility regularity and anti-thrombotic mechanism of Chinese traditional patent medicine for PBCRBS, a statistical and bioinformatics analysis was carried out using traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support system (TICMISS, V2.0) and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). The compatibility regularity analysis shows that the most commonly used herb combinations are Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.), Chuanxiong (Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.) and Honghua (Carthamustinctorius L.). The anti-thrombotic mechanism analysis reveals that 25 ingredients have an effect on 29 thrombosis related molecules which 23 molecules are related to inflammation response. Furthermore, there are 5 inflammation molecules (NOS2, PTGS2, IL6, TNF, IL1β) served as major targets. At the same time, Danshen, Chuangxiong and Honghua mainly used as sovereign herb or minister herb in the application of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, Chinese traditional patent medicine for PBCRBS probably has an effect on anti-thrombotic activity through inhibiting the inflammatory response. In summary, the most commonly used herb combinations of Chinese traditional patent medicine for PBCRBS are Danshen, Chuanxiong and Honghua. Inhibiting inflammatory response, especially inflammation related molecules (NOS2, PTGS2, IL6, TNF and IL1β), is probably a new starting point to clarify the anti-thrombotic mechanism of Chinese patent medicine for PBCRBS.