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Artificial intelligence (AI) is gradually changing the practice of surgery with technological advancements in imaging, navigation, and robotic intervention. In this article, we review the recent successful and influential applications of AI in surgery from preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance to its integration into surgical robots. We conclude this review by summarizing the current state, emerging trends, and major challenges in the future development of AI in surgery.
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Objective: To analyze the change rule of main chemical components in Asarum heterotropoidesvar.mandshuricum seedling during the growing process.Method:Whole seedling samples (one week and two weeks) and the mature plant (three months) of A.heterotropoidesvar.mandshuricum were collected and every sample was divided to aerial part (stems and leaves) and underground part (roots).The secondary metabolites were qualitatively identified by HPLC-TOF-MS and the quantitative identification was carried out at the same time with asarinin as index component.Result: A total of 6 known compounds were identified from the underground part of A.heterotropoidesvar.mandshuricum as α-asarone (1),N-isobutyl-2,4,8,10-dodecatetraenamide (2),9-methoxyaristolactam Ⅳ(3),asarinin (4),caulesnarinside (6) and chalcononaringenin 2',4'-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7),respectively,the peak area values showed that the contents of these compounds increased gradually with the growth time.A total of 4 known compounds were identified from the aerial part of this herb as N-isobutyl-2,4,8,10-dodecatetraenamide (2),caulesauroneside (5),caulesnarinside (6) or chalcononaringenin 2',4'-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7) and peonidin 3-caffeoylgentiobioside (8).Asarinin was identified only in the underground part of mature plant,its content was 155.4 μg·g-1.Conclusion: The species and contents of secondary metabolites are quite different in the aerial and underground parts of A.heterotropoidesvar.mandshuricum.At different growth stages of A.heterotropoides var.mandshuricum seedling,the types and contents of secondary metabolites in the same site are also different,while the contents of main components show an increasing trend with the growth time.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect mechanisms of mild moxibustion in treatment of hyperlipidemia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, a moxibustion group, an acupuncture group and a medication group, 12 rats in each group. The hyperlipidemia model was established by intro-gastric administration of fat emulsion for 4 weeks in the later four groups, and 0.9% sodium chloride was given in the normal group. Treatments started when hyperlipidemia model was sullessfully established. No treatment was given in the normal group and the model group. The acupuncture group and the moxibustion group were treated with acupuncture and moxibustion at Zusanli (ST 36) and Shenque (CV 8), respectively, once a day. The medication group was treated with introgastric administration of lovastatin (10 mg/kg), once a day. The model group, acupuncture group, moxibustion group and medication group were treated with continuing introgastric administration during the 4-week treatment. Four blood lipoids items were detected by biochemical colorimetry, and the contents of serum NO were measured by nitrate reductase method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the model group, the contents of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and NO in the moxibustion group, acupuncture group and medication group were decreased (P < 0.01, P < 0.001), mean-while, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) showed a increasing trend without statistical significance. The moxibustion group was better than the medication group at the effect in decreasing the contents of TC, LDL-C and NO. NO had positive correlation with TC and LDL-C in the moxibustion group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), while NO had negative correlation with TC and LDL-C in the medication group (both P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Mild moxibustion has a favorable regulative action on blood lipoids and serum NO in hyperlipidemia rats. Mild moxibustion can play a role in anti-vascular injury, anti-inflammation and prevention of atherosclerosis by lowering the serum NO in rats.</p>