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Objective:To investigate the antibiotics resistance of patients with Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori) infection of different age in Ningxia. Methods:From July to December 2021, a total of 1 040 patients with H. pylori infection confirmed by 14C-urea breath test who had no history of H. pylori treatment and underwent gastroscopy were selected from the H. pylori special outpatient clinics from Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People′s Hospital, Ningxia Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Yuanzhou District People′s Hospital of Guyuan, Wuzhong People′s Hospital, the Second People′s Hospital of Shizuishan, People′s Hospital of Zhongwei, Yinchuan First People′s Hospital. Gastric mucosa specimens were obtained under gastroscopy and cultured for H. pylori in vitro. Harvested H. pylori were detected for H. pylori drug resistance phenotype. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to detect antibiotic sensitivity. Previous use of antibiotics of patients were recorded. The characteristics of primary drug resistance of people≤44, 45 to 59, and ≥60 years old were analyzed. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results:A total of 538 H. pylori strains were obtained from 1 040 gastric mucosa specimens cultured in vitro, with a positive rate of 51.7%. A total of 187 patients could provide information on history of antibiotics usage. The primary drug resistance rates of metronidazole, clarithromycin and levofloxacin were high, which were 95.5% (514/538), 44.6% (240/538) and 45.4% (244/538), respectively; however drug resistance of amoxicillin, furazolidone and tetracycline were not found. The double drug resistance rate was 36.4% (196/538), mainly resistant to metronidazole and clarithromycin or metronidazole and levofloxacin, the drug resistance rates were 17.8% (96/538), 18.2% (98/538), respecitively. The triple drug resistance rate was 25.5% (137/538), all of the strains were metronidazole, clarithromycin and levofloxacin resistant strains. The primary drug resistance rates to levofloxacin and clarithromycin in patients with H. pylori infection who had previous history of quinolones and macrolides were 60.9% (28/46) and 63.4% (83/131), respectively; which were higher than those of patients who had not used corresponding drugs (41.8%, 59/141 and 39.3%, 22/56), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=5.05 and 9.23, P=0.023, 0.002). The drug resistance rates of metronidazole of ≤44, 45 to 59, and ≥60 years old group were 94.2% (163/173), 95.5% (231/242) and 97.6% (120/123), respectively, and the differences were not significant ( P>0.05). The single drug resistance rates of levofloxacin of ≤44, 45 to 59, and ≥60 years old group were 34.7% (60/173), 48.3% (117/242) and 54.5% (67/123), respectively, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=12.95, P=0.002). The levofloxacin resistance rate of ≤44 years old group was lower than that of 45 to 59, and ≥60 years old group, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=7.70 and 11.49, P=0.006, 0.001). The single drug resistance rates of clarithromycin of ≤44, 45 to 59, and ≥60 years old group were 36.4% (63/173), 50.4% (122/242) and 44.7% (55/123), respectively, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=8.00, P=0.018). The clarithromycin resistance rate of ≤44 years old group was lower than 45 to 59 years old group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=8.00, P=0.005). Dual drug resistance rates of levofloxacin and clarithromycin of ≤44, 45 to 59 and ≥60 years old group were 49.7%(86/173), 70.2%(170/242), 45.5%(56/123), and the difference was statistically significant( χ2=27.63, P<0.001). The resistance rate of clarithromycin and levofloxacin in 45 to 59 years old group was higher than that in ≤44 and ≥60 years old group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=18.00 and 21.13, both P<0.001). Conclusions:Primary drug resistance rates to metronidazole, levofloxacin and clarithromycin are high in patients with H. pylori infection of different ages in Ningxia. Individualized eradication therapy guided by drug resistance test is recommended.
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Objective:To investigate the factors associated with the occurrence of coccoid forms in clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori) and its relationship with the pathological changes of gastric mucosa. Methods:A total of 66 H. pylori-infected patients admitted to People′s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from January 2020 to June 2021 were included.The clinical data of the patients were collected. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on gastric mucosal biopsy specimen to observe the occurrence of coccoid forms of H. pylori and pathological changes of gastric mucosa. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results:After immunohistochemical staining of 66 gastric mucosa biopsy specimens from H. pylori-infected patients, the co-existence of helical and coccoid forms of H. pylori was found in 26(39.39%) specimens, and no simple coccoid H. pylori change was found. Among them, the patients with a history of eradication therapy had a coccoid forms rate of 52.63%(20/38), and those without a history of eradication therapy had a coccoid forms rate of 21.43%(6/28), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=6.57, P=0.012). There were no significant differences in the coccoid forms rates between patients with different gender, ethnicity, age and gastric mucosal pathological changes (including atrophy, gastric intestinal metaplasia, inflammation, activity)(all P>0.050). Seventeen (73.9%) of the 23 patients whose endoscopy was more than one to three months from the last eradication therapy developed coccoid forms, while three of 15 patients whose endoscopy was more than three months from the last eradication therapy had coccoid forms, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=10.59, P=0.002). Conclusions:The transformation of H. pylori coccoid forms is related to the previous eradication therapy. The coccoid forms of H. pylori is equally pathogenic relative to the helical forms of H. pylori.
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Objective@#To investigate the regulation of AMPK-mTOR signal transduction pathway in paraquat-induced autophagy of pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) .@*Methods@#The PC12 cell were treated with terminal concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 μmol/L PQ for 24 hours, and the cells were induced by 300 μmol/L PQ for different time (6, 12, 24, 48 h) . MTT was used to detect the relative survival rate of cells, and the dose/time-effect relationship was determined respectively. The cells were treated with PQ at concentrations of 0, 100, 200 and 300 μmol/L PQ for 24 hours, the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the culture supernatant was detected by spectrophotometry. The expression and distribution of autophagic lysosomes were observed by MDC staining. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) . The expression of microtubule-related protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) was measured by immunofluorescence. The protein level of LC3Ⅱ, p62, Beclin1 and p-AMPK, p-mTOR were detected by Western blot.@*Results@#Compared with the control group, the cell survival rate of the 100, 200, 300, 400 μmol/L PQ group decreased significantly, and showed a dose-dependent pattern (P<0.05) . The survival rate of cells treated with 300 μmol/L PQ decreased significantly with the prolongation of exposure time (12, 24, 48 h) (P<0.05) . Compared with the control group, the activity of LDH in 100, 200, 300 μmol/L PQ-treated group were significantly higher while The fluorescence intensity of ROS was significantly increased (P<0.05) . MDC staining showed the density of autophagic lysosomes and fluorescence intensity in PQ-treated group significantly decreased (P<0.05) . Immunofluorescence results showed the LC3 fluorescence intensity of PQ-treated group decreased which was consistent with MDC staining results. Western blot showed that compared with the control group, the expression levels of autophagy related proteins LC3Ⅱand Beclin1 in PQ-treated group were significantly lower, while the expression level of p62 protein was higher (P<0.05) . p-AMPK protein level decreased and p-mTOR protein expression increased in 200 and 300μmol/L PQ-treatd groups, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05) .@*Conclusion@#AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway played a regulatory role in PQ-induced decreased autophagy of PC12 cell.
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Objective To investigate the effect of exogenous interleukin-10 (IL-10) on STAT3 protein activation in rats with allergic rhinitis (AR).Methods60 SD rats were randomLy divided into AR model group, IL-10 group and control group, with 20 in each group.AR group and IL-10 group were treated with conventional ovalbumin (OVA) combined with aluminum hydroxide sensitization method.The negative control group was treated with saline instead of 48 h after the last challenge.The levels of IL-6, TGF-β and P-STAT3 in nasal mucosa and serum IgE were measured by ELISA kit.The expression of IL-6, TGF-β and P-STAT3 in nasal mucosa was detected by Western-blot Detection.ResultsAR group exhibited severe clinical manifestations of AR, such as friction around, tears flowing, the signs of which in IL-10 group were significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05).Compared with the control group, the levels of serum IgE and IL-6, TGF-β and P-STAT3 in the nasal mucosa were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05).After treatment with IL-10, the levels of TGF-β and P-STAT3 were significantly increased (P<0.05).Western-blot showed that compared with the control group IL-6, TGF-β and P-STAT3 in nasal tissues of AR group and IL-10 group were significantly increased, while the expression level of IL-10 group was lower than that of AR group.ConclusionTreatment of AR with exogenous IL-10 can significantly relieve the clinical manifestation of AR, inhibit STAT3 activation immune response, and achieve the purpose of treatment of AR in some extent.
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Objective To evaluate clinical effect of volume modulated arc therapy ( VMAT) for spinal metastases .Methods Twenty patients with spinal metastases who had been treated with VMAT were chosen to participate in the study .The prescribed dose varied from 45 to 60 Gy within 15 -20 fractions, 3 Gy per fraction, and one fraction per day of VMAT .Pain and quality of life were measured before VMAT and at several time points up to 6 months after treatment , by the numerical rating scale (NRS) and verbal rating scale (VRS) and the quality of life scale for bone metastases (EORTC QLQ-BM22) questionnaire.In addition, Frankel grading was used to evaluate the neurological function of spinal cord.The primary endpoint was frequency and duration of complete pain relief , and the secondary endpoint was death.Results At the end of the follow-up, the number of patients reporting no pain from spinal metastases, as measured by the NRS, increased from 0 of 20 before VMAT to 10 of 14 ( t =20.24, P0.05).After VMAT, the patients who suffered from nerve function impairment recovered to different extent . No one had radiation-induced injury , such as radiation myelitis , radiation pneumonitis , etc.Median survival time was 10 month.Conclusions VMAT is a safe and effective treatment method for spinal metastases .Significant reductions in patient-reported pain were observed , along with nerve dysfunction improved .The patients′quality of life was significantly improved .VMAT has no late spinal cord toxicities .
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Objective To investigate the expression of IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-17 and TGF-βby Th cells and Th17 cells in rats with allergic rhinitis upon the intervention of IL-10.Methods SD rats were ran-domly divided into three groups including allergic rhinitis ( AR ) group, IL-10 treated group and control group (n=10).Rats in AR group and IL-10 treated group were sensitized by injection of ovalbumin (OVA) and aluminum hydroxide on the 1st, the 7th and the 14th days.The rats treated with equal volume of saline were set up as the control.The corresponding interventions ( OVA, OVA and IL-10, saline) were respec-tively given to rats in each group on the 21th day for 7 consecutive days.The clinical manifestations in rats were observed within 30 minutes after each administration.Serum samples were collected at 48 hours after the last challenge for the detection of IgE and OVA-sIgE.ELISA and Western blot assay were performed to detect IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-17 and TGF-βin nasal mucosa samples.Results Some characteristic symptoms of AR were observed in rats from AR group and IL-10 treated group.Compared with IL-10 treated rats, rats in AR group showed severe clinical symptoms such as constant rubbing and tearing of the eyes (P<0.05).The levels of IgE and OVA-sIgE in serum samples and the levels of IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-17 and TGF-βin nasal tis-sues were significantly increased in rats with RA (P<0.05), but were reduced with IL-10 intervention (P<0.05).Conclusion Exogenous IL-10 could be used to treat AR by reducing the expression of IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-17 and TGF-βin nasal tissues.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer,and to collect data for the application of this technique.Methods A total of 28 patients from No.306 Hospital of PLA,including 17 male and 11 female with median age of 63.8 (range from 31 to 86),were treated with SBRT for colorectal cancer with liver metastases with 54 lesions in total.The GTV,CTV and PTV were delineated above the enhanced CT scans acquired during normal quiet respiration.CTV was obtained by adding 5 mm isotropic margin from GTV,and PTV was obtained by adding 5 to 10 mm isotropic margin from CTV.Prescription dose line covered 50％-60％ of isodose curve at 3-6 Gy/fraction.The total dose was 39-45 Gy and the biologically equivalent doses(BED)was 50.7-65.3 Gy.The patients were followed-up beginning at 3 months after SBRT.The change in size of the lesion based on enhanced CT or MR scans was evaluated.Toxicity was evaluated and scored according to the RTOG criteria.Local control rate and survival rate were analysed.Results All patients completed the treatment.With median follow-up of 15.1 months (range frome 3 to 30 months),7 patients survived at the end of follow-up.The local control rate (LC) was 79.2％,and 1-and 2-year overall survival rate(OS) were 82.7％ and 48.6％,respectively.There was a close corelation between the size of lesion and the LC.The LC (PR + CR) was much better at the size of lesion less than 14 cm3 than that at the size more than 65 cm3(x2 =4.17,P＜0.05).When the size was more than 180 cm3,the LC was zero.Toxicity included fatigue (60.7％),grade 1 and 2 digestive system toxicity (28.6％),a transient grade 1 and 2 bone marrow suppression (46.4％) and a transient increase in transaminase(17.8％).No grade 3 toxicity and above and late toxicity were observed.Conclusions Stereotactic body radiation therapy could be suggested as the first choice for the selected patients who suffer form colorectal liver metastases,especially for those who cannot undergo surgery.
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Objective To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) with gamma knife on stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and the quality of life of the patients undergoing this therapy.Methods Twenty NSCLC patients with the median age of 76,10 at stage Ⅰ and 10 at stage Ⅱ who were unable or unwilling to undergo surgery were given SBRT with gamma knife at the doses of 3-6 Gy in 8-15 fractions,finished within 2 to 3 weeks.The prescription isodose line was 50％,the marginal dose was 39-56 Gy,the central dose was 78-112 Gy,and the total biologically effective dose was 51-83 Gy.The patients were observed after admission and followed up by chest CT 1,3,6,and 12 months after treatment until progressive disease or death.EORTC QLQ-LC43 questionnaire was used to investigate the changes in quality of life.Results The 20 patients were followed up for 24 (12-46) months.At six months after the treatment,the overall response rate was 80％,and the complete response rate was 35％.The 1,2 and 3-year local control rates were 100％,95％ and 95％,respectively.The 1,2 and 3-year overall survival rates were 95％,80％ and 50％ respectively; The 1,2,and 3-year progression free survival rates were 85％,64％ and 33％,respectively.The failure rate was 20％ and the rate of progress within the planning target volume was 5％.No acute toxicity at grade 3 and over occurred in any patient during the treatment.15％ of the patients developed grade 1-2 radiation pneumonia.Age,gender,pathologic index or not were weakly correlated with the overall survival.The emotional function was improved significantly after treatment (P ＜ 0.05),dyspnea and cough were improved at different degrees,however,not significantly.There were no significant changes in the physical function and symptoms,such as fatigue,lack of appetite,insomnia,etc.Conclusions Significantly improving the motional function and maintaining the quality of life,SBRT with gamma knife is effective for elderly NSCLC patients with high local control rate fair overall survival rate and few side effects.
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Objective To analyze the efficacy and prognosis of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) and whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) in treatment of brain metastases,and to observe the influence of temozolomide (TMZ) on survival rate during the period of radiotherapy.Methods A total of 52 patients with brain metastases were divided into two groups according to treatment methods,including 35 patients treated with WBRT plus SRT and 17 patients treated with SRT alone.WBRT dose was 1.8 - 3.0 Gy per fraction,one fraction a day,five fractions per week,with total dose of 30 - 40 Gy.After WBRT,gamma knife was performed with prescription isodose line of 45％ -70％ surrounding the planned target volume in WBRT + SRT group.The marginal dose was 12 - 15 Gy and the center dose was 20-30 Gy.In SRT group,the prescription isodosc line was 45％ - 70％ and the marginal dose was 36 - 40 Gy while the center up to 70 - 80 Gy.The follow up time was 1 - 2 years.Besides 20 patients in this study took temozolomide capsule during and after radiotherapy.The schedule of concomitant chemotherapy was temozolomide of 75 mg/m2 by oral administration every day until radiotherapy was over,and then temozolomide of 150 mg/m2 was taken for 3 -6 months after radiotherapy.Results The efficiency during 1 -3 months after treatment was 84.62％ in this study.In the WBRT + SRT group,the efficiency was 88.57％ and declined to 76.47％ in the SRT group.The six month-and one year-local control rate were 92.10％ and 85.20％,respectively.The average survival time of WBRT + SRT was 13.2 months and median survival time was 11 months.Six month-,one year-and eighteen months-survival rate were 71.40％,54.30％ and 14.30％,respectively.In the SRT group,the average survival time was 10.2 months and median survival time was 9 months.Six month-,one year- and eighteen month-survival rate were 41.20％,23.50％ and 5.88％,respectively,while those for RT + TMZ group were 80.00％,60.00％ and 10.00％.In comparison,those in RT group were 56.30％,37.50％ and 12.50％,respectively.Conclusions Effect of gamma knife stereotactic radiotherapy combined with WBRT is better than GK stereotactic radiotherapy alone in treatment of brain metastases.Compared with radiotherapy alone,concomitant temozolomide chemotherapy could improve the survival rate of the patients with brain metastases without increasirg adverse reactions significantly.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>We examined alterations in the expression of tumorigenesis-related genes in the pituitary gland of rats exposed to electromagnetic pulses (EMP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The global gene expression profiles of the pituitary gland in EMP-exposed and control groups were detected by cDNA microarray analysis. We then validated and further investigated the reduced expression of two tumorigenesis-related genes, Pten, and Jund, by assessing their mRNA and protein expression by quantitative real-time-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry in the pituitary gland of rats 6 months after exposure to EMP.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>EMP exposure induced genome-wide gene expression changes in the rat pituitary gland. There was decreased expression of the Pten and Jund mRNAs and proteins in EMP-exposed rats compared with in unexposed control animals.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EMP exposure alters the expression of tumorigenesis-related genes in the pituitary gland. These tumorigenesis-related genes are potentially involved in the development of pituitary gland tumors in rats.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Adenoma , Genetics , Metabolism , Pathology , Down-Regulation , Electromagnetic Phenomena , Gene Expression Profiling , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis , PTEN Phosphohydrolase , Genetics , Metabolism , Pituitary Gland , Metabolism , Pituitary Neoplasms , Genetics , Metabolism , Pathology , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun , Genetics , Metabolism , Rats, Wistar , Real-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
AIM: To study the interaction effects of Astragalus polysaccharide(APS) and total glucosides of paeony(TGP) with various dosage on the platelet aggregation. METHODS: Platelet aggregation was estimated by the turbidimetric method. The best interaction effects were determined by uniform design method. RESULTS: APS showed apparent anti-platelet effects and better combination with TGP,and the ratio of 121 was the best one. CONCLUSION: APS concerted with TGP inhibits platelet aggregation.