ABSTRACT
Objective In order to accumulate data for the final evaluation and acceptance of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan of National Endemic Disease Prevention and Control,we investigated the endemic scopes and basic situation of Keshan disease (KD) in Harbin.Methods According to the Criteria for Diagnosis of Keshan Disease (WS/T 210-2011),we conducted clinical survey of KD prevalence in 10 KD endemic counties in Harbin in 2013.2011-2015,we detected and searched for cases in 10 ward counties of Keshan disease.According to the Delimitation and Classification of Keshan Disease Areas and the Evaluation of Endemic Disease Control and Elimination,we determined the regional type,the situation of control and elimination of the disease,at the same time all KD patients were positioned by global positioning system (GPS).Results There were 2 KD endemic counties,12 endemic townships,and 37 KD patients in Harbin.All 12 townships were the light endemic regions of KD.Other townships were conformed to be the history regions with KD.The management index scores of KD reached the elimination requirements which were more than 85 points in every region county (city).Ten region counties got to technical standards for KD elimination.Harbin basically reached the index of KD elimination.The GPS satellite positioning of KD patients were concentrated in the 45.1-45.5 degrees north latitude,and 127.7-128.3 degrees east longitude.Conclusion The regions of KD endemic areas have narrowed down and the prevalence rate has declined significantly in Harbin,which have reached the basic elimination standards of KD by the 12th Five-Year Plan.
ABSTRACT
Objective To master the area scope and epidemic situation of Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) in Harbin,and to accumulate data and information for the midterm examination and evaluation of the 12th Five-Year Plan of the National Endemic Disease Prevention and Control.Methods In the original 10 counties (districts,cities) of Harbin with KBD,2 surveys were carried out from 2011 to 2015,5 townships were extracted in each county (district,city),3 villages were extracted in each township,clinical investigation and X-ray examination of 7-12 years old children were carried out;according to the criteria for Diagnosis of Kaschin-Beck Disease,a clinical survey was conducted in 2013 in the 10 counties (districts,cities) with KBD.According to the KBD prevalence and X-ray examination results in each county (district,city),reference to Criteria for Control of Kaschin-Beck Disease Areas,Criteria for Delimitation and Classification of Kaschin-Beck Disease Area,Evaluation Methods for Endemic Diseases Control and Elimination,the types of the disease areas,control and eliminating situation were determined;organization and management of the control and prevention measures were evaluated.Results Currently,there were 10 counties (districts,cities),373 villages,6 969 patients with KBD in Harbin.According to the KBD area division and control standard,369 villages were light KBD areas (prevalence of clinical degrees Ⅰ and above patients or detection rate of 7-12 children by X-ray for local residents ≤ 10％) and 4 villages were medium KBD areas (prevalence of clinical degrees Ⅰ and above patients or detection rate of 7-12 children by Xray for local residents ＞ 10％-≤20％).Clinical census showed that the people under 20 years had no cases with degree Ⅰ and above in each village,X-ray detection rate was 0 in 7-12 years old children,in line with the standards of history KBD areas.There were no clinical KBD cases in 7-12 years old children in all villages of KBD areas,positive detection rate of children by X-ray was 0 in the sampling KBD area villages,in line with the standards of eliminate technical standards of KBD area village.The management index scores of KBD were from 85 to 95 points in every area county (district,city),getting to the eliminating requirement which was more than 85 points.Conclusion The KBD areas have narrowed down and prevalence has declined significantly in Harbin,which has reached the area eliminating standards and the index of basically eliminating KBD proposed by the 12th Five-Year Plan.
ABSTRACT
In this study, the karyotype of Fasciolopsis buski has been investigated by the air drying method. The results show that the diploid number of chromosomes is 2n =14. The means and standard deviations of the relative lengths, arm indices and centromeric indices of the chromosomes have been calculated. According to the nomenclature recommended by Levan et al (1964), the karyotype of F. buski obtained consists of one pair of large-sized metacentrics (m), 2 pairs of medium-sized metacentrics (m), one pair of medium-sized submetacentrics (sm), one pair of small-sized metacentrics (m), one pair of small-sized submetacentrics (sm) and one pair of small-sized telocentrics (t).Idiogram of chromosomes has been constructed from measurements of 19 good metaphase spreads in mitoses.The karyotype of F. buski of this paper is compared with that reported by Gao et al (1952). Statistically, there are very distinct differences (p
ABSTRACT
In this study the process of spermatogenesis of Fasciolopsis buski has been observed by using the air-drying method.The results show that F. buski has the same process of spermatogenesis as that of the other digeneans. After 3 times of mitotic divisions as well as first and second meiotic divisions the spermid atage(32-cell stage) is formed through the process of the primary spermatogonial stage (1-cell stage), secondary and tertiary spermatogonia (2 - and 4-cell stages), primary and secondary spermatocytes (8 - and 16-cell stages). The spermatid then matures into 32 spermatozoa.The metaphase of spermatogonia has 14 chromosomes, which appear as "X" and "-" shapes, the metaphase I has 7 bivalent chromosomes, which form 7co-shaped con-figurations, while the metaphase II has 7 haploid chromosomes, which appear as "X" and"-" shapes, Therfore, they can be differentiated easily.Compared our results with that of Liao et al (1987), there are some differences in the descriptions of chromosomes of the metaphase I and II of meiosis, and of the metaphase of spermatogonia. The reason may be that Liao et al (1987) did not differentiate the metaphase I and II of meiosis