ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effects of Qingfei Shenshi Decoction on the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase timps-1 (TIMP-1) in lung tissue of asthma mice.Methods:Totally 50 male BALB/C mice were divided into 5 groups: normal group, model group, dexamethasone group, Qingfei Shenshi Decoction low- and high-dosage groups (10 mice /group) according to random number table method. Asthma model mice were prepared by ovalbumin (OVA) challenge method. After successful modeling, the dexamethasone group was given dexamethasone for gavage at the rate of 1.56 mg/kg, while Qingfei Shenshi Decoction groups were given high and low doses of Qingfei Shenshi Decoction for gavage at the rate of 14.235 g/kg and 28.470 g/kg, respectively. Normal group and model group were given 0.9% sodium chloride solution by gavage. At the end of gavage administration for 4 weeks, the airway reactivity (Penh value) in each group was detected; HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of lung tissue; the contents of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α) in alveolar lavage fluid were determined by enzyme Linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in lung tissue were detected by Western-blot.Results:Compared with model group, the damage of airway wall and alveolar wall of lung tissue in Qingfei Shenshi Decoction groups was significantly reduced. Compared with model group, the Penh value, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α levels in Qingfei Shenshi Decoction low- and high-dosage groups decreased ( P<0.05), and the expressions of MMP-9, MMP-2 and TIMP-1 in lung tissue decreased ( P<0.05), with a certain dose dependence. Conclusion:Qingfei Shenshi Decoction can effectively alleviate airway inflammation, reduce airway hyperresponsiveness, improve lung function and inhibit airway remodeling in asthmatic mice. Its mechanism may be related to down-regulating the expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:The studies regarding reference values of fraction excretion of uric acid(FEUA)is poorly understood.OBJECTIVE:To establish reference values of FEUA in healthy adults in Qingdao area.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:The investigation and analysis was performed at the Qingdao Medical College from August 2007 to August 2008.PARTICIPANTS:A total of 581 healthy adults with aged 20-70 years,including 279 male and 302 female stayed in Qingdao more than 5 years were selected from August 2007 to August 2008.The adults were divided into groups according to the ages.There were 61 adults in the group aged 21-30 years(32 male and 29 female);92 adults in the group aged 31-40 years(40 male and 52 female);173 adults in the group aged 41-50 years(82 male and 91 female);169 adults in the group aged 51-60 years(88 male and 81 female);and 86 adults aged more than 60-year-old(37 male and 49 female).METHODS:The uric acid and creatinine of fasting blood and 12 h urine taken and tested with Sysmex chemix-180 to calculate FEUA,the results were statistically analyzed by SPSS 16.0 software.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①Comparison of general information and biochemical index.②Comparison of serum uric acid,FEUA in sexes and reference values of FEUA.③Comparison of serum uric acid,FEUA in different age groups.RESULTS:Serum uric acid in male was higher,but FEUA was lower than that of female,there were significant difference between different genders(P 0.05).The normal range of FEUA in female and male was 4.039%-10.613% and 3.447%-9.915%,respectively.CONCLUSION:The reference value of FEUA in healthy adults in Qingdao is preliminarily established.To provide evidence for hyperuricemia control and prevention,it is necessary to establish respective reference values of FEUA and prompting the excretion of uric acid for healthy male and female.