ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the application of key monitoring varieties among adjuvant drugs in medical institu tions of Yunnan province,and to provide reference for the formulation of related policy and the promotion of clinical rational drug use.METHODS:The related data of key monitoring varieties in medical institutions of Yunnan province during Jan.1st-Mar.31st,2015 were investigated and analyzed statistically.RESULTS:The data with highest effective rate were reported by tertiary hospi tals,being 93.94％.Among top 10 drugs in the list of consumption sum,the number of key monitoring varieties was the highest in tertiary hospitals,being (5.50 ± 2.12) varieties averagely.The consumption sum of key monitoring varieties in tertiary hospitals took up the highest proportion in total consumption sum of hospitalization drug,being(31.94 ± 16.99)％ averagely;being(26.13 ± 11.93)％ and (22.14 ± 16.39)％ in second level hospitals and first level hospitals.Among top 10 drugs in the list of consumption sum,the consumption sum of key monitoring varieties in second level hospitals took up the highest proportion in total consumption sum of hospitalization key monitoring varieties,being (50.34 ± 26.87) ％ in average,up to 98.53 ％;being (39.13 ± 22.55) ％ and (27.38 ± 27.75)％ in tertiary hospitals and first level hospital.Among top 5 key monitoring types in the list of hospitalization con sumption sum,safflower yellow pigment and omeprazole were involved in hospitals at various levels.CONCLUSIONS:Adjuvant drug use are widespread in medical institutions of Yunnan province.Key monitoring varieties are given priority to TCM injection and proton pump inhibitors.It is necessary to take effective measures,formulate and implement the corresponding supervision sys tem so as to promote rational clinical drug use.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for implementing relevant policies and measures,and promote rational drug use. METHODS:The cognition(questionnaire)and application(prescription spot checks)about antibiotics and glucocorticoids by 191 rural doctors from 14 township hospitals and 18 health room in area A,B and C(representing the economically developed areas, moderately developed areas and undeveloped areas)were investigated,and the results were statistically analyzed. RESULTS:Total-ly 382 questionnaires were sent out(191 for antibiotics and 191 for glucocorticoids),and 382 were effectively received with effec-tive recovery of 100%;and 2 300 prescriptions were checked. Results of questionnaire showed,there were still some misunder-standings and blindness among the rural doctors'cognition and application about antibiotics and glucocorticoids,the usage of β-lac-tam was not fully grasped,part of the empirical use of antibiotics and drug treatment was still not entirely clear,more than 40%had no clear ideas about the classification and contraindications of hormones,and more than half of them didn't know the Glucocor-ticoids Clinical Practice Guidelines;results of prescription spot checks showed,there were regional differences about the proportion of antibiotics and glucocorticoids,area A had the highest proportion among 3 areas,accounting for 60.9% and 18.9%,respective-ly. And area C showed highest proportion about unreasonable prescriptions,accounting for 22.5%. CONCLUSIONS:The cognition and reasonable use of rural doctors for antibiotics and glucocorticoids still needs to be strengthened. It is suggested to take effective measures,formulate and implement the corresponding supervision system,strengthen antibiotics and glucocorticoids knowledge training for rural doctors and fully implement the the principles of rational drug use to improve the rational drug use.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the differential expression of P57kip2 and CDK5 in neural tube defects t(NTD) from the normal ,and provide the clue for the research of the molecular mechanism of the normal neurula formation .Methods A cDNA mi-croarray containing 1 100 known genes was used to compare differences in P57kip2 and CDK5 gene expression between the normal control group and the retinoic acid(RA)-induced NTD group on embryonic(E) day 9 .5 and 10 .5 .Two differentially expressed genes were randomly selected from the two groups for Northern blotting to verify the results of the cDNA microarray .Results Compared the differences of between P57kip2 and CDK5 in normal and E9 .5 d ,E10 .5 d ,E9 .5 d-NTD ,E10 .5 d-NTD ,P57kip2 and CDK5 expression was significantly up-regulated in the before and after the formation of the normal neurulation ,but them showed a downward trend in retinoic acid (RA)-induced NTD(including two phase E9 .5 d and E10 .5 d) .Conclusion P57kip2 and CDK5 in-volved in the physiological process of NTD ,and provide the useful clue for the research of the molecular mechanism of the normal neurula formation .