ABSTRACT
The rise of nanotechnology has opened new horizons for cancer immunotherapy. However, most nanovaccines fabricated with nanomaterials suffer from carrier-related concerns, including low drug loading capacity, unpredictable metabolism, and potential systemic toxicity, which bring obstacles for their clinical translation. Herein, we developed an antigen self-assembled nanovaccine, which was resulted from a simple acryloyl modification of the antigen to induce self-assembly. Furthermore, a dendritic cell targeting head mannose monomer and a mevalonate pathway inhibitor zoledronic acid (Zol) were integrated or absorbed onto the nanoparticles (denoted as MEAO-Z) to intensify the immune response. The synthesized nanovaccine with a diameter of around 70 nm showed successful lymph node transportation, high dendritic cell internalization, promoted costimulatory molecule expression, and preferable antigen cross-presentation. In virtue of the above superiorities, MEAO-Z induced remarkably higher titers of serum antibody, stronger cytotoxic T lymphocyte immune responses and IFN-γ secretion than free antigen and adjuvants. In vivo, MEAO-Z significantly suppressed EG7-OVA tumor growth and prolonged the survival time of tumor-bearing mice. These results indicated the translation promise of our self-assembled nanovaccine for immune potentiation and cancer immunotherapy.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate left atrial function dynamic changes before and after radiofrequency catheter ablation (CA)with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF)and predict the maintain sinus rhythm of postoperative atrial fibrillation by speckle tracking imaging.Methods The study was including 45 cases underwent CA with persistent AF(preoperative 1 week,postoperative 24 hours,3 months,6 months)and 25 normal cases.Left atrial function and strain rate were analysed.These index were measured and calculated:the left atrial diameter index (LADI),left atrial area index (LAAI),left atrial maximum volume index (LAVImax)and left atrial ejection fraction(LAEF),left atrial wall strain rate of left ventricular systolie (SRs),left atrial wall strain rate of left ventricular early diastolie (SRe),left atrial systolic strain rate(SRa) and the average of left atrial wall each phase strain rate.Results ① LADI,LAAI,LAVImax were significantly increased;LAEF,SRs,SRe were decreased significantly;SRa were disappeared with AF compared with the control group.②LADI,LAAI,LAVImax decreased gradually,LAEF,SRs,SRe,SRa were gradually increased with the extension of the follow-up time.③Left atrial average SRs predicted maintenance of sinus rhythm with atrial fibrillation after operation of CA(odds ratio=0.607,95% CI=0.417-0.819,correction of P =0.017)was an independent predictor.Conclusions Speckle tracking imaging can quantitative evaluate left atrial function with persistent AF after CA.Left atrial global reservoir function predicts the efficacy of CA.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the relationship between ischemic mitral regurgitation and geometric angles of the mitral valve leaflets in patients with coronary artery disease and papillary muscle dysfunction by transesophageal echocardiography(TEE) ,and to evaluate anatomy and pathophysiology mechanicm of the ischemic mitral regurgitation with left ventricular papillary muscle dysfunction .Methods A total of 84 subjects were enrolled in this study .All of the subjects were divided into group A (healthy volunteers constituted the control group ,n =40) ,group B (chronic inferior or posterior myocardial infarction patients with papillary muscle dysfunction group ,n =44) ,group C(patients from group B after mitral valvuloplasty surgery ,n = 20) .The relationship between mitral regurgitation and geometric angles of the mitral valve leaflets and mitral annulus were studied by TEE .Results Geometric angle between the mitral valve leaflets and mitral annulus were significantly larger in group B ,and geometric angles of the mitral valve leaflets and mitral annulus was positive correlated with degree of mitral regurgitation .Degree of mitral regurgitation significantly reduced in group C ,no significant difference was found at the geometric angles of the mitral valve leaflets and mitral valve annular compared with group A .Conclusions The degree of mitral regurgitation were highly correlated with geometric angles of the mitral valve leaflets and mitral valve annular in patients with left ventricular papillary muscle dysfunction caused by coronary heart disease .Repair of the mitral valve leaflets surgery can significantly reduce geometric angles of the mitral valve leaflets and mitral valve annular ,and reduce the degree of mitral regurgitation significantly .