ABSTRACT
During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, China issued a series of policies for private hospitals, which made an important impact on the running of medical institutions by social forces. One hundred and sixty-one policy documents for private hospitals were sorted out from January 2016 to January 2020, national policies and measures in terms of access approval, comprehensive supervision, fiscal and taxation support, supporting policies, talent development, open innovation, and resource sharing were being reviewed. It found that the characteristics of China′s policies were consistent in content, comprehensive in coverage, and supported the development of traditional Chinese and Western medicine.From 2016 to 2020, the total number of private medical institutions in China maintained growth, however, there were some practical problems, such as insufficient professional and technical capacity, low coordination development with public healthcare, and incomplete supervision and evaluation system. Therefore, during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, we should realize the transformation from private hospital management to modern governance, integrate private hospital development policies, optimize the system of approval and access, standardize the supervision and evaluation system, enhance the sharing of development resources, strengthen the construction of professionals, adhere to the concept of fairness, openness, and innovation, so as to promote the sustainable development of private hospitals.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To understand the views of various relevant personnel on the standardized training mode of resident doctors after the implementation of Beijing′s medical education synergy policy, so as to provide references for further improvement of China′s medical education synergy policy.Methods:From January to May 2019, a semi-structured interview method was used to investigate the resident training students, clinical teachers(professional postgraduate tutors and resident training trainees′ guiding doctors)as well as resident training managers in 35 resident training bases in Beijing. The original data of the interviews were sorted out, coded and analyzed by taking root theory and main frame method descriptive analysis.Results:A total of 687 valid interview results were received, of which 71.86% of the resident training managers thought that the mode was more reasonable and the advantages outweighed the disadvantages; 38.07% of the resident training students and 45.45% of the graduate supervisors mentioned that the mode effectively shortened the training time of clinical talents; however, 31.98% of the resident training students and 22.92% of the resident training students′ guiding physicians mentioned it was difficult to balance courses, scientific research and clinical work under this mode, 61.62% of graduate supervisors pointed out that the students were lack of time and energy to engage in scientific research.Conclusions:The training mode of the integration of the standardized training of resident doctors and the postgraduate training of master′s degree in clinical medicine, given its necessity and institutional advantages, is found with room of improvement in its mode setting, arrangement of scientific research courses and clinical rotation, supervision and assessment of the process.
ABSTRACT
Effective supervision proves vital for the guidance of healthy development of private hospitals in China. Based on study and analysis of the current situation and problems of private hospitals supervision in China, the authors reviewed previous studies, leveraged " system+ mechanism+ technology" resources, and attempted to explore and build an integrated, omnidirectional, efficient and diversified linkage supervision system. Such a system was based on the information technology and fits the development trend of private hospitals in the Internet-plus era. The authors attempted to combine such supervision modes as government supervision, social supervision, industry self-discipline, and institutional autonomy, so as to develop a " four-dimensional supervision system" . This system works on such aspects as the supervision subject, supervision content, supervision mode and means, as well as classified supervision of private hospitals. The paper hence proposed relevant specific measures and supporting mechanisms, and provided policy suggestions, and references for improving the comprehensive and effective supervision of private hospitals.
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Objective To evaluate the relationship between postoperative residual pancreatic volume and change of blood glucose levels. Method Eighty?five cases of pancreatic benign and malignant tumor patients with preoperative and postoperative pancreatic CT images and clinical data were included retrospectively. Preoperative and postoperative pancreatic volume in benign patients and malignant patients were measured. Eight five patients were divided into 5 groups according to the resection volume ratio. Blood glucose levels were compared at different resection volume ratios. Correlation analysis of pancreatic resection volume ratio and blood glucose level were conducted in 39 benign patients and 46 malignant patients.ANOVA test, t test and Peason correlation coefficient were used. Result Postoperative benign and malignant group glucose level difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). Preoperative and postoperative malignant group of glucose level difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). Benign postoperative blood glucose between each groups was statistically significant (P<0.05); Malignant postoperative blood glucose between each groups was statistically significant (P<0.05); The volume ratio of benign and malignant tumor resection was positively correlated with postoperative blood glucose level (r values were 0.85 and 0.77, P<0.01). Conclusions There were statistically significant differences in blood glucose levels between pre?operation and post?operation of benign and malignant tumors. Postoperative blood glucose level was correlated with pancreatic resection volume, and postoperative blood glucose level was positively correlated with resection volume ratio.
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Objective To study the correlation between polymorphisms of surfactant protein A1 rs1059047 and rs1136450 and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in Mongolian premature infants in Inner Mongolia.Methods Totally 50 Mongolian RDS premature infants in our ward were recruited as the case group (33 males and 17 females),and another 50 Mongolian non-RDS premature infants with same ethnicity,same sex and gestational age were served as the control group (29 males and 21 females).Single nucleotide polymorphisms of SP-A1 rs1059047 and,rs1136450 and allele haploids (6A,6A2,and 6A3) were detected by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism gene detection technology and were compared between the case and control groups.Results Threegenotypes,CC,TT,CT were detected in the case and control groups at rs1059047,all ofwhich were mainly TT genotype.There was no significant difference in genotype frequency between the two groups (x2=1.429,P ＞ 0.05).Two genotypes,CG and GG,were detected in the case and control groups at rsl 136450,and CG was the dominant genotype.There was no significant difference in genotype frequency between the two groups (x2=1.624,P＞0.05).The distribution frequency of SP-A1 allele haploids (6A,6A2,6A3) in the case group was 36％,68％ and 42％,respectively,and 62％,46％ and 50％ in the control group,respectively.There was no significant differencein the frequency of allele haploid 6A3 between the two groups (x2=0.502,P＞0.05);but there was a significantly difference in the frequency of allele haploids (6A,6A2) between the two groups (x2=6.763,4.937,P＜0.05).Conclusions The alleles and allele fiequency of SP-A1 (rs1059047,rs1136450) were not associated with RDS in Mongolian premature infants.However,SP-A1 allele haploid 6A2 is the susceptible gene for RDS in Mongolian premature infants,and haploid 6A is the protective gene.
ABSTRACT
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD) is a chronic lung disease of premature neonates char-acterized by arrested pulmonary alveolar development. There is increasing evidence that microRNAs (miRNA) regulate translation of messenger RNAs during lung organogenesis. The potential role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of BPD is unclear. The miRNA generation, physiological function, the relationship between miRNA and BPD were reviewed in this article.
ABSTRACT
Pulmonary surfactant is a lipid-protein complex that lines and stabilizes the respiratory interface in the alveoli, allowing for gas exchange during the breathing cycle. ATP-binding Cassette transporters A3, is a lipid transporter in the limiting membrane of lamellar bodies in alveolar type Ⅱ cells that plays a critical role in the regulation of pulmonary surfactant homeostasis. Mutations in the ABCA3 gene cause respiratory distress syndrome in new-born and childhood interstitial lung disease. An updated view on expression of ABCA3 gene and ABCA3 mutation associated with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,or childhood interstitial lung disease was reviewed.