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Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is often treated with drugs such as interferons and nucleoside (acid)/nucleotide (acid) analogs. While these drugs are effective in controlling the viral loads, they are not able to eliminate hepatitis B virus (HBV) from the body completely. Besides, side effects and drug resistance may by caused by the long-term use of these drugs. Several monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) against HBV, mostly against hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), have been demonstrated with viral neutralization capability and with effective inhibition of HBV replication in relevant animal models. The use of a McAb individually or in combination with another therapy has the potentials to achieve functional cure of CHB. In this review, we summarized the encouraging results from the research and development of anti-HBV McAbs in clinical or pre-clinical development stage, aiming to provide new idea for the treatment of CHB.
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Objective To evaluate the immunostimulatory effects of polysaccharides, including Lycium barbarum polysaccharides ( LBP) , Angelica polysaccharides ( AP) , Licorice polysaccharides ( LP) and Inulin polysaccharides ( IP) , used alone or in combination with aluminum adjuvant on the recombinant protein of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) glycoprotein (gE) as an immunogen in mice. Methods BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 11 groups with five in each group. Intramuscular injection was given at Days 0 and 14. Serum samples were collected at weeks 0, 2, 3, 4 and detected for total anti-gE IgG titers and an-tibody subtypes by indirect ELISA. The mice were sacrificed at week 4 to collect spleen lymphocytes aseptic-ally. CCK-8 method was used to evaluate the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes. The levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 were measured by ELISA. The percentages of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T cell subsets were deter-mined by flow cytometry. Results The four plant-derived polysaccharides in combination with aluminum adjuvant showed good adjuvant activities. LP combined with aluminum adjuvant effectively increased the titer of IgG2, promote the proliferation of splenocytes and enhanced the secretion of IFN-γ and IL-4. Further-more, it also induced CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T cell proliferation in vivo. Conclusions The four plant-derived polysaccharides in combination with aluminum adjuvant could all enhance antibody production. LP combined with aluminum adjuvant could induce cell-mediated immune responses, suggesting that it might be a promising adjuvant for varicella-zoster subunit vaccines.
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Objective To analyze the clinical application value of endometrial collector combined with liquid based cytology and histological examination for screening of endometrial cancer.Methods One hundred and eighty-two cases high-risk people with endometrial cancer in Songgang People's Hospital of Bao'an district of Shenzhen from June 2014 to December 2015 were collected,among them 71 patients with endometrial cancer were found in the patients who were diagnosed by pathological diagnosis,and the remaining 111 were not diagnosed with endometrial cancer.The material satisfaction,sample collection time of sample collection and endometrial curettage device were comparatively analyzed and also the cervical dilatation production rate,the amount of bleeding,pain score(VAS) were analyzed.The application value of endometrial collector combined with liquid based cytology and histological examination for screening of endometrial cancer was judged according to the results obtained.Results There was no significant difference between the two methods based on satisfaction(χ2=1.953,P=0.089).A methods of cervical endometrial expansion rate(3.85% vs.93.96%) and acquisition time((16.35±2.19) min vs.(11.23±4.26) min),bleeding volume((1.64±0.63) ml vs.(15.73±5.41) ml),VAS score((0.82±0.24) points vs.(4.34±2.43) points) were significantly lower than that of curettage sample collection method(χ2=16.473,P=0.000;t=5.733,P=0.034;t=11.183,P=0.000;t=3.618,P=0.043).With curettage pathological diagnosis as the gold standard,the specificity,sensitivity and diagnostic coincidence rate of endometrial biopsy combined with liquid based cytology and histological examination for screening endometrial carcinoma were respectively 94.51%,95.05% and 94.96%.Conclusion Compared with curettage sampling method,endometrial curettage collector has features of high success rate,short time,low pain and high security and the cervical dilation rate is low.Endometrial curettage collector can be combined with liquid based cytology and histology to examine and screen endometrial cancer.This methods is worth promoting.
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John Cunningham virus(JCV)is a type of human polyomavirus. It was first isolated from the brain of a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy(PML)in 1971 and named after that patient. The seroprevalence of JCV in the general population is 40% to 60% . The mortality rate among patients with AIDS complicated by PML was shown to be 50% . For immunocompromised patients and pa-tients with long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs,JCV would cause fatal polyomavirus associated ne-phropathy(PVAN),viremia and some other related diseases. While the pathogenesis of JCV has well stud-ied,there are no specific prevention and treatment measures for infected individuals. Therefore,reliable, specific and sensitive JCV detection methods in clinical settings are needed. This review describes the pros and cons of different methods for JCV detection with potentials for clinical applications.
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To investigate influence of butylphthalide injection on serum neuron specific enolase, C-reactive protein and fatty acid binding protein levels in patients with cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.Methods Ninety patients with cerebral vasospasm were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, then the patients were divided into two groups: The control group (45 patients) was treated with nimodipine and triple-H therapy after surgery;in addition to nimodipine and triple-H therapy, butylphthalide injection was administered to the experimental group(45 patients).Transcranial doppler(TCD)was used for the evaluating cerebral artery blood flow velocity, and the serum neuron specific enolase(NSE), C-reactive protein(CRP) and fatty acid binding protein(FABP) levels in patients with cerebral vasospasm were measured. Results The experimental group improved significantly more than the control group, a significant decrease in cerebral blood flow velocity of the middle cerebral artery in the experimental group as measured by TCD (P<0.05).The serum levels of NSE, CRP and FABP in the patients in the experimental group decreased more significantly (P<0.05).And the incidence of cerebral infarction in experimental group was lower than that in control group (P<0.05).Conclusion The serum levels of NSE, CRP and FABP in the patients with cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage could be significantly reduced by administration of butylphthalide injection, which also could improve cerebral blood supply.Therefore, administration of butylphthalide injection is an effective treatment for cerebral vasospasm.
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Objective To investigate the impact of pain care standard training on the pain-related knowledge and attitude of junior nurses in orthopedics department.Methods The standard pain care training was done for the junior nurses in the orthopedics department. The scores of questionnaires related to pain-related knowledge and attitude were collected and compared between pre-and post-training. Result There was significant statistical difference in the measurements related to the junior nurse’s knowledge and attitude between pre-and post-standard training(P<0.05).Conclusion The standard pain care training can enhance junior nurses knowledge,improve the attitude towards pain,and set up apporiate pain management behavior.
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Objective To assess the clinical effect of colpomyomectomy.Methods 79 hysteromyoma patients who had indication of myomectomy were randomized into two groups.One group(42 patients) received colpomyomectomy,the other group(37 patients) received celiomyomectomy.Observing the clinical effect of intraoperation and postoperation between the two groups respectively.Results Comparing the colpomyomectomy group and celiomyomectomy group,the former operation time reduced(P