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Objective:To analyze the effects of prescription reviews of key monitored drugs using the drug regulatory platform in a district of Shanghai, and the influencing factors for the rate of unqualified prescriptions.Methods:A drug regulatory platform in a district in Shanghai began to implement prescription reviews since June 2018, extracting the reviewed prescriptions of all key monitored drugs and related information from June to December. Taking the unqualified rate of prescription in June as the baseline data, the χ2 test and the logistics regression model were used for data analysis. Results:From June to December 2018, clinical pharmacists reviewed 19 084 outpatient and emergency prescriptions and 10 607 inpatient prescriptions. The unqualified rates of outpatient and emergency prescriptions and inpatient prescriptions dropped from 16.52% and 23.28% in June to 4.45% and 13.80% in December, respectively. Logistics regression analysis showed that the rate of unqualified reviews of outpatient and emergency prescriptions was lower than that of inpatient prescriptions, and the rate of unqualified prescriptions in hospital was significantly lower than that in community health service centers; the rate of unqualified prescriptions for auxiliary drugs and nutritional drugs was significantly lower than that of antibacterial drugs.Conclusions:The prescription reviews of key monitored drugs can effectively promote the rational use of drugs. In the future, it is recommended to strengthen technical support for community health service centers and professional training for clinicians and pharmacists.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To examine the effects of kangaroo mother care on breastfeeding by women who delivered via cesarean section and on neonatal jaundice.@*Methods@#The study sample consisted of 120 pairs of women who delivered via cesarean section and newborns born by cesarean delivery between August 2017 and February 2018 in the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University. They were randomly divided into a conventional nursing group and a kangaroo mother care group by random number table method. A total of 120 pairs of newborns and mothers met the exclusion criteria. The conventional nursing group received routine nursing, while the kangaroo mother care group was given routine nursing and received the kangaroo mother care. By determining the lactation start time, and using the Breastfeeding Assessment Tool (BAT) and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES), we evaluated the condition of breastfeeding by the women who delivered via cesarean section. We measured the transcutaneous bilirubin level using the jaundice measuring instrument to evaluate neonatal jaundice.@*Results@#The subjects in both groups were of Han nationality and delivered via cesarean section at a gestational age of >37 weeks. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of age, occupation, number of pregnancies, and educational background (P>0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of the newborns’ sex, birth weight, Apgar score, and birth length (P>0.05). The lactation start time in the kangaroo mother care group (42.1±10.9 h) was earlier than that in the conventional nursing group (52.7±12.8 h), with a statistically significant difference (t=4.880, P<0.001). The success rate of the initial breastfeeding in the kangaroo mother care group reached 80%, which is significantly higher than that in the conventional nursing group by 43% (χ2=17.062, P<0.001). The breastfeeding self-efficacy score (117.0±13.7) in the kangaroo mother care group was significantly higher than that in the conventional nursing group (111.3±15.9, t=2.126, P=0.036). The transcutaneous bilirubin levels in the forehead, chest, and legs (173.7±39.3, 174.1±40.1, and 120.4±32.7 μmol/L, respectively) at 72 h after birth in the kangaroo mother care group were lower than those in the conventional nursing group (194.3±43.9, 193.1±39.0, and 138.0±34.6 μmol/L, respectively), with statistically significant differences (t=-2.706, -2.640, and -2.852, respectively, P<0.05). The newborns’ defecation frequencies at 24, 48, and 72 h after birth in the kangaroo mother care group (5.5±1.7, 5.2±1.9, and 5.2±2.3, respectively) were higher than those in the conventional nursing group (4.5±1.7, 4.3±1.9, and 4.3±1.6, respectively), with statistically significant differences (t=3.122, 2.631, and 2.332, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The kangaroo mother care method can effectively improve the success rate of first breastfeeding and early lactation initiation time, and increase breastfeeding confidence in women who undergo cesarean section, and reduce the incidence of neonatal jaundice.
ABSTRACT
This paper is a follow-up study of 329 children in factory-run nurseries in urban Shanghai. The investigation lasted for a period of one year for each index-child, focusing on the conditions of nutrition, development and diseases of the children of various ages.Comparison between nutritionl findings and RDA of China disclosed that calorie intake of most of the index-child groups were 80-85% of RDA, the only exception being the 6-12 months group where the average calorie intake showed 90%. Protein intake of all groups was over 80% of RDA. Fe intake was lower than RDA, except for 18-month-old and over.Weight and height of the children were compared with the anthropo-metric data established in 1985 (1985 data) for Shanghai children under six years of age. It was found that the average weight and height appeared differently according to their age. Average weight of children under one year old was slightly higher than 1985 data, while average height was lower than 1985 data once the children reached 10 months old. Average weight, however, became lower than the 1985 data after the children were two years old. Over 60% of the index between 6-18 months old suffered from anemia (IDA).Accordingly, it is requested that calorie and iron intake should be supplemented.