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Objective:To investigate the complicated virus infection of infants with pertussis and its effect on the disease.Methods:From January 2019 to March 2020, a total of 100 hospitalized infants with pertussis were admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shantou University, nasopharyngeal swabs were collected for detection of ten pathogens including pertussis, namely respiratory syncytial virus(RSV), parainfluenza virus(PIV), bordetella pertussis (BP), human rhinovirus(HRV), human bocavirus(HBoV), human metapneumovirus(hMPV), influenza B virus (INF-B), adenovirus, influenza A virus and cytomegalovirus(CMV). According to the results of pathogen detection, all infants were divided into single detection group of BP(single detection group) and co-detection group of BP combined with viruses(co-detection group). The clinical data of the two groups were retrospectively analyzed and compared to explore the differences of clinical characteristics and its impact on the course of disease.Results:Among 100 cases, there were 54(54.0%) boys and 46(46.0%)girls.The age ranged from 28 days to 2 years and 5 months, with a median age of 3.5 months.Fifty-six cases were classified as single detection group, while 44 cases were included into co-detection group.Among infants in co-detection group, fourteen cases were co-infected with CMV(31.8%, 14/44), seven cases with HRV(15.9%, 7/44), seven cases with PIV(15.9%, 7/44), four cases with RSV(9.1%, 4/44), one case with hMPV(2.2%, 1/44), eight cases with CMV+ HRV(18.2%, 8/44), one case with HRV+ HBoV (2.2%, 1/44), one case with CMV+ PIV(2.2%, 1/44)and one case with CMV+ PIV+ INF-B(2.2%, 1/44). The number of infants in the single detection group who had cyanosis before treatment, requiring repiratory support, PICU admission, severe pneumonia or abnormal myocardial enzymes were higher than those in the co-detection group( P<0.05), while the months of age were lower than that in the co-detection group( P<0.05). When comparing the clinical characteristics of infants over three months of age, only the number of cases of combined cyanosis before treatment and the number of days in hospital were higher in the single detection group than those in the co-detection group ( P<0.05), no statistically significant differences were found in the other clinical characteristics between the two groups( P>0.05). Conclusion:The cases of infants requiring repiratory support, complicated with severe pneumonia or abnormal myocardial enzymes in the single detection group are higher than those in the co-detection group, which may be attributed to the small age of months.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical features of adenoviral encephalitis (AE), and to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of adenoviral encephalitis.Methods:From January 2012 to December 2020, 1 185 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of hospitalized children with suspected central nervous system infection in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College were collected for the detection of 22 common respiratory pathogens and common pathogens for encephalitis by polymerase chain reaction. Records of patients with adenovirus positive in CSF were reviewed and relevant clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and imaging examination results were collected for analysis.Results:Among 1 185 CSF samples, 242 samples were positive for viral nucleic acid, with detection rate of 20.4%, including 1.9%(23/1 185) of adenovirus. As for 23 children diagnosed with AE, 18 were male, five were female, with the age of (44.8±35.9) months, ranging from two months and 19 days to 10 years. Of 23 children, 21(91.3%) presented with fever, followed by convulsions (16 cases, 69.6%), headache (four cases, 17.4%), vomiting (11 cases, 47.8%), consciousness change (11 cases, 47.8%) and emotion disturbance (three cases, 13.0%). Among 23 children, eight cases had white blood cell counts (WBC) of (6 to <10)×10 9/L, 10 cases had WBC of (10 to 20)×10 9/L and the white blood cell classification was mainly neutrophils (21 cases, 91.3%), and C reactive protein of 20 cases (87.0%) was in the normal range. Cerebrospinal fluid examination showed that WBC were less than 15×10 6/L in 20 cases (87.0%), and WBC ≥15×10 6/L in three cases, which were up to 500×10 6/L; the protein of 19 cases was in the normal range, the glucose of 15 cases was in the normal range, and the chloride of 19 cases was in the normal range. Among 16 cases with brain magnetic resonance imaging examination, eight cases did not show abnormality, six cases with local meningeal linear enhancement, one case with small intracranial malacia, and one case with extensive intracranial lesions. For 13 cases who received electroencephalogram (EEG) test, seven cases showed normal EEG or marginal state, four cases showed extensive medium and high amplitude slow wave, one case showed spike wave or spike slow wave and one case had both of the above two changes. Among 23 children, 22 cases recovered including one case had secondary epilepsy, and the remaining one case had severe brain dysfunction and was unable to suck when discharged, with an indwelling gastric tube and accompanied by secondary epilepsy. Conclusions:The clinical manifestations and auxiliary examinations of children with AE have no obvious specificity. Most children with AE have a good prognosis, but a small number of them may have serious sequelae.
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Objective@#To Summarize mathematical and statistical models used in the area of infectious diseases modelling, to provide ideas and suggestions for the model-based analysis and decision-making of COVID-19.@*Methods@#By reviewing the commonly used mathematical and statistical models in the analysis of infectious diseases, with a focus on the mathematical models of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) that have been published and their practical effects.@*Results@#Infectious diseases modelling based on multi-source information has become the main research trend, and the published mathematical models of COVID-19 epidemic need to be improved in terms of accuracy and scalability.@*Conclusions@#It is recommended to build a more advanced mathematical/statistical model by allowing for the characteristics of new coronaviruses and to use more informative data to improve the analysis and decision-making of the new epidemic.
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Objective:To Summarize mathematical and statistical models used in the area of infectious diseases modelling, to provide ideas and suggestions for the model-based analysis and decision-making of COVID-19.Methods:By reviewing the commonly used mathematical and statistical models in the analysis of infectious diseases, with a focus on the mathematical models of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) that have been published and their practical effects.Results:Infectious diseases modelling based on multi-source information has become the main research trend, and the published mathematical models of COVID-19 epidemic need to be improved in terms of accuracy and scalability.Conclusions:It is recommended to build a more advanced mathematical/statistical model by allowing for the characteristics of new coronaviruses and to use more informative data to improve the analysis and decision-making of the new epidemic.
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Objective:To generate sex hormone binding globulin(SHBG) conditional knockout mice model.In order to investigate the physiological function of SHBG in vivo and to provide experimental means for the study of the relationship between SHBG and gestational diabetes mellitus.Methods:The mouse genomic DNA sequence of SHBG was verified through bioinformatic analysis.According to the SHBG genomic DNA sequence,the gene targeting and knockout vector were constructed.Transfection of the vectors to ES cells by electroporation was performed according to common protocol.Positive ES cells were screened and identified by PCR.Therefore,the dual selected ES cells were microinjected into blastula,then blastula transplantations into the host mice.The chimeric mice were mated with C57BL/6J mice,and the Flox mice were obtained after screening.The Flox mice were hybridized with EIIA-Cre transgenic mice,and the progeny of the SHBG gene knockout (SHBG-/-) mice were obtained by autocopuation for several times.Results:Several Flox homozygous mice and SHBG gene knockout mice were successfully obtained.Compared with control mice,homozygous mice of SHBG gene knockout were well developed and had reproductive ability.The growth and development of SHBG knockout mice were not significantly different from that of wild type mice.Conclusion:Homozygous mice model of SHBG gene knockout was successfully established,which laid the foundation for further study of the role of SHBG in the gestational diabetes.The SHBG gene knockout mouse model was successfully established and the preliminary phenotypic analysis was performed,which laid the foundation for further study on the role of SHBG in gestational diabetes mellitus.SHBG gene knockout mice were normal in appearance.Due to the limited number of samples and many unknown biological characteristics of gene knockout mice,it needs further study.
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Objective In observational studies or non-randomized design,the researchers' ability to make causal inferences from data was hampered by confounding factors.This study used this method to analyze a group of observational medical data in order to instruct relevant medical personnel to carry out their own causal inference studies.Methods At present,the four main types of propensity scoring methods:matching,stratification,inverse probability weighting and covariate adjustment have been widely used in the study of causal inference.Propensity score method can theoretically eliminate the bias of the observable confounding factors,so that the treatments variables are close to the result of random assignment design,thus,it is estimated that the treatment factor has a causal effect on the outcome.Results Considering the advantages of the inverse probability weighting method over other methods,this paper summarizes the applicable conditions for the estimate of causal effect,particularly illustrates the use of a modern nonparametric statistical technology--Generalized Boosted Models (GBM) and its advantages and disadvantages.Conclusion When there is a lot of different types of confounding factors,and uncertain functional forms for their associations with treatment selection in linear,non-linear or interaction effect,and other issues,GBM propensity score weighting method can overcome the obstacles in the process of accurately estimating propensity score.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the mechanism of miR-133a in reversing neonatal rat cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by phenylephrine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A miR-133a precursor cDNA was used to construct an adenovirus vector, which was transfected into 293 cells to harvest miR-133a-containing virus. Neonatal rat cardiac myocytes treated by phenylephrine were exposed to miR-133a adenovirus, and the changes in cell area was measured; the expression levels of miR-133a and Acta1, Actc1, Actb, Myh6, Myh7, and BNP mRNAs were detected by quantitative RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Phenylephrine treatment increased the area of cardiomyocytes by more than 3 folds and significantly enhanced the expression levels of Acta1, Actc1, Actb, Myh6, Myh7 and BNP mRNAs. All these changes were obviously reverse by miR-133a treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>miR-133a is an important regulator of phenylephrine-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and negatively regulates this process.</p>
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Animals , Rats , Adenoviridae , Cells, Cultured , Genetic Vectors , Hypertrophy , MicroRNAs , Genetics , Myocytes, Cardiac , Cell Biology , Pathology , Phenylephrine , RNA, Messenger , TransfectionABSTRACT
Objective To discuss the etiology and clinical characteristics of human rhinovirus (HRV) as pathogen of central nervous system infection .Methods Two hundred and five cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were collected from children with fever and convulsions who were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit with suspicion of central nervous system infection from June 2011 to December 2012 .Genome Lab Genetic Analysis System (GeXP) was applied to detect HRV from CSF .Specimens with positive results were amplified by nested reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and followed by gene sequencing . Clinical data of HRV positive cases were analyzed . Results Of the 205 CSF specimens ,7 samples were positive for HRV ,which were composed of 2 HRV‐A ,1 HRV‐B and 4 HRV‐C (including 1 HRV‐Ca) .There were 6 boys and 1 girl among the 7 positive cases for HRV .Six children were less than 3 years old ,except one was 9 years old .The onset time was mainly concentrated between September and October . The main clinical manifestations were fever and convulsions . The clinical diagnosis before the pathogen confirmation included viral encephalitis ,epilepsy ,febrile convulsion ,benign infantile convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (CwG ) and hand‐foot‐and‐mouth disease ( HFMD ) . Although the disease severity of the 7 cases varied ,all ended with favorable prognosis .Conclusions HRV is one of pathogens of viral central nervous system infection .All types of HRV can cause central nervous system infection ,among which HRV‐C accounts for the majority .The clinical manifestations of HRV central nervous system infection could mimic febrile convulsion ,CwG and HFMD .
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Objective:To explore the infuence of calf spleen extractive injection combined with chemotherapy on immune function of the patients after colorectal carcinoma. Methods:Totally 128 cases of postoperative colorectal carcinoma patients were randomly di-vided into two groups with 64 ones in each. The control group only received FOLFOX 4 regimen, while the study group received calf spleen extractive injection additionally from the first day to the tenth day, 10ml, ivd, and 14-day was one cycle. After 4 weeks, im-mune function, peripheral blood leukocytes ( WBC) , hemoglobin ( Hb) and platelet ( Plt) in the two groups were compared, and the adverse reactions were evaluated as well. Results: After the treatment, CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 + and CD4/CD8 were increased in the study groups, and those in the study group were much higher than those in the control group (P0. 05), while WBC and Plt in the study group were higher than those in the control group (P<0. 05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the study group was lower than that in the control group (P<0. 05). Conclusion:Calf spleen extractive injection combined with chemotherapy not only can increase the immune func-tion, but also alleviate myelosuppression and gastrointestinal toxicity in the treatment of postoperative colorectal carcinoma patients.
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Objective To study the significance of human rhinovirus C as a pathogen and the clini-cal features of human rhinovirus C infection in pediatric intensive care unit. Methods From November 2010 to April 2012,570 nasopharyngeal aspirates specimens were collected from children who were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit with respiratory infections. Nest reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions were applied to detect the human rhinovirus C. The other common respiratory viruses were detected by multi-plex polymerase chain reaction. The clinical data were collected. Results One hundred and seventy human rhinovirus positive samples ( 29. 8%) were detected in 570 nasopharyngeal aspirates specimens. The VP2/VP4 and 5′UTR region of the human rhinovirus genome was amplified from 170 human rhinovirus positive samples with 80. 6%(136/170) success. While 20. 0%(34/170) samples in total were unclassified to spe-cies. There were 85 single infected samples including 52 of type A,7 of type B,26 of type C. The nucleotide homology was 74. 0% to 99. 2% and the nucleotide variations was 3. 4% to 32. 3% in stains of human rhino-virus C. The late fall and early winter were the epidemic seasons of human rhinovirus C infection. Cough,fe-ver, polypnea and wheezing were the common symptoms. Conclusion Human rhinovirus C is the major cause of infectious disease in pediatric critical illnesses. Human rhinovirus C infections often cause cough, fever,polypnea and wheezing.
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Objective To analyze the clinical features of PICU patients with bocaviral infection.Meth-ods Nasopharyngeai aspirates specimens were collected from 450 children who were admitted to PICU with a-cute respiratory tract infection in our hospital from June 2010 to December 2011 .Multiplex PCR was applied to detected human bocavirus and emerging respiratory virus.Bocavirus positive PCR results were sequenced and the clinical data of the positive cases were analysed.Results Human bocavirus positive samples were detected in 30 cases(6.7%) among 450 throat swab specimens.Human bocavirus as a single infection was found in 16 cases (53.3%).Mixed infections were found with in 14 cases(46.7%) of 30 positive samples.According to pediat-ric critical illness score,there were 13 cases of non-serious,2 cases of serious and 1 case was extremely serious in 16 single infections cases.There were 12 cases of non-seriuo s and 2 serious cases in 14 mixed infections. There were no statistically significant differences between single and mixed infections in the severity of the dis-ease( P>0.05 ) .Conclusion Bocavirus can cause severe respiratory tract infections.Mixed infections does not increase the severity of the disease.
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Carnosine (beta-Ala-L-His) has high antioxidant activity, and it is widely used in biology, chemical engineering, medicine and other fields. Its analogue syntheised in non-aqueous solvent and catalyzed by enzymes is high-effective but low-price, so it has great prospect. Here, we synthesized a carnosine analogue imidazole 4(5)-alanylamide-5(4)-carboxylic acid with imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid and L-Alanine as substrates, alpha-chymotrypsin as catalyst in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent. Based on the orthogonal experiments, the optimized synthetic conditions are 4,5-dicarboxylic acid: L-alanine = 1:3 (m/m), alpha-chymotrypsin: substrates (4,5-dicarboxyl acid and L-alanine) = 1:200 (m/m), pH 8 phosphate buffer:THF = 1.6:10 (V/V), reaction temperature 35 degrees C, time 1.5 h. We separated the product with silica gel G60 thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and a new spot appeared at Rf (ratio to front) = 0.81; then the new spot was purified and characterized with UV spectra, high performance liquid chromatogram (HPLC) and 13C NMR (13C nuclear magnetic resonance). The UV spectra shows a new absorption peak at 310 nm, and the peak in 253 nm is largely strengthened; HPLC reserve times are all 4.5 min at 253 nm, 310 nm, 330 nm; 13C NMR shows 8 carbons. Combing with the catalytic mechanism of alpha-chymotrypsin, structure of the analogue is confirmed, i.e., imidazole 4(5)-alanylamide-5(4)-carboxylic acid.
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Carnosine , Chemistry , Catalysis , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Chymotrypsin , Metabolism , Furans , Chemistry , SolventsABSTRACT
In order to meet the needs of training high-quality medical persons, combining teaching reform theory with foundational courses teaching practice, we summarize some successful experience in many respects such as construction and reformation of foundational educational system, grasping subject construction goal, bringing up and cultivating scientific researchers, improving experimental conditions. All we have done reveal that the combination of medicine and engineering is the characteristic form of development.