Treatment of myopic foveoschisis via triamcinolone assisted fovea-sparing internal limiting membrane peeling / 中国医师杂志

Objective:The aim of this study was to observe the clinical effects of myopic foveoschisis (MF) via triamcinolone (TA) assisted fovea-sparing internal limiting membrane peeling (FSILMP).Methods:This study was prospective research, including 41 cases (44 eyes) of patients diagnosed with MF in Changsha Aier Eye Hospital from November 2018 to June 2020. All patients underwent combined TA assisted FSILMP and 25 G pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). The posterior vitreous cortex, epiretinal membrane and internal limiting membrane (ILM) in the macular area were labeled by TA particles. The corrected visual acuity, central retinal thickness (CRT), post-operative healing of myopic foveoschisis and the incidence of macular hole were observed. Facilitating statistics, in this study, decimal visual acuity was converted to logMAR visual acuity through the formula logMAR=lg(1/decimal visual acuity).Results:Three cases underwent binocular surgery and 38 cases underwent monocular surgery. The average age of the patients was (56.16±11.00)years old ranging from 30-73 year olds; the average axial length of the patients was (30.50±1.96)mm which was ranging from 26.19-34.52 mm. The corrected visual acuity was 0.1-3(1.65±0.67) and the CRT was 126-1 100(473.47±195.96)mm. The patients were followed up for 1-31(13.89±8.32)months. A total of 38 cases (41 eyes) were followed up and 3 cases were lost. Reduction of MF in 41 eyes: 5 eyes (12.2%) were not healed, 12 eyes (29.3%) were improved, 8 eyes (19.5%) were near healed and 16 eyes (39.0%) were healed. The incidence of macular hole was 4.9% (2 eyes). The postoperative corrected visual acuity was 1.00±0.62, which was significantly higher than the preoperative corrected visual acuity [(1.65±0.67), t=8.23, P<0.01]. The postoperative CRT was (295.88±167.55)μm, which was significantly lower than that before operation (473.47±195.96)μm( t=7.82, P<0.01). Conclusions:TA can better mark the vitreous cortex, epiretinal membrane and inner limiting membrane of high myopia MF, and avoid the retinal toxicity caused by repeated indocyanine green (ICG) staining. At the same time, the effect of TA assisted FSILMP is no less than that of ICG assisted FSILMP in postoperative visual acuity recovery, CRT and the incidence of postoperative macular hole.

Diagnosis and treatment of chronic suppurative lung disease in children / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective:To analyze the causes and clinical features of chronic suppurative lung disease(CSLD) in children.Methods:We retrospectivly analyzed the primary disease, imaging changes, electronic fiber bronchoscope changes, blood gas analysis, lung function, treatment outcome and other clinical data of CSLD in children hospitalized in our hospital from September 2018 to February 2020.Results:A total of 14 children with CSLD were collected, including six males and eight females, aged (5.9±2.7) years old.Among 14 cases of CSLD, six cases were diagnosed with upper airway cough syndrome, three cases with upper airway cough syndrome and bronchial asthma, two cases with cough variant asthma, and one case with combined immunodeficiency disease.There were different degrees of purulent inflammation under electronic fiber bronchoscopy, and three cases had airway inflammatory stenosis.The lavage fluid suggested neutrophil inflammation.Blood gas analysis was normal in ten cases and hypoxemia in four cases.In seven cases, pulmonary function examination was abnormal in six cases, and one case had emphysema on lung CT examination.After intravenous administration of antibiotics and sequential oral antibiotics, the symptoms of 14 children were relieved.Fourteen cases were followed up for 12 weeks.Among them, 12 cases had complete relief of clinical symptoms, one case had repeated cough with combined immunodeficiency disease, and one case was lost to follow-up.Conclusion:CSLD mostly has primary disease.Electronic fiber bronchoscopy is not only a necessary examination of CSLD, but also one of the important means for treatment.Purulent inflammation of the airways can lead to abnormal obstructive lung.Sufficient course of treatment and standardized use of antibiotics are the key to the treatment for CSLD.

Histological subtypes classification of non-small cell lung cancers using 18F-FDG PET-based radiomics / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective:To distinguish lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET-based radiomic features. Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed in 182 patients (109 males, 73 females, age (59.0±8.3) years) with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT scan between January 2018 and December 2019 in Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. All patients had been diagnosed pathologically with lung ADC or SCC. The patients were divided into a training set ( n=91) and a validation set ( n=91) using simple random sampling method. Radiomic features were extracted from the PET images of segmented tumors using the Python package. The minimum redundancy maximum relevance feature selection algorithm and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator were employed to select informative and non-redundant features, and a radiomics signature score (rad-score) was developed. Differences of rad-score between groups were compared by Mann-Whitney U test. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to select the important factors. A combined model was constructed based on the clinical variable and radiomics signature. The predictive performance of models was analyzed and compared using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Delong test. Results:Four radiomic features, namely HHL_first order_maximum, LHL_first order_entropy, HHH_ gray level dependence matrix_large dependence high gray level emphasis (GLDM_LDHGLE), HHL_GLDM_LDHGLE (H/L represent the high/low pass filter) were selected to build the rad-score. The rad-score showed a significant ability to discriminate between different histological subtypes in the two sets(training set: -1.30(-1.70, -1.04) vs -0.60 (-1.11, 0.20), z=-4.61, P<0.001); validation set: -1.31(-1.66, -0.96) vs -0.73(-1.02, -0.24), z=-4.76, P<0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) of the rad-score were equal to 0.815 (95% CI: 0.723-0.906) in the training set, and 0.813 (95% CI: 0.726-0.901) in the validation set, respectively, which were larger than those of the clinical variables (smoking had the best prediction performance, training set: 0.721 (95% CI: 0.617-0.810), validation set: 0.726 (95% CI: 0.623-0.814)), however, the difference was not significant ( z values: 1.319, 1.324, both P>0.05). When the clinical variable (smoking) and radiomics signature were combined, the complex model showed a better performance in the classification of histological subtypes, with the AUC increased to 0.862 (95% CI: 0.785-0.940; sensitivity: 88.00%(22/25), specificity: 72.73%(48/66)) in the training set and 0.854 (95% CI: 0.776-0.933; sensitivity: 75.00%(21/28), specificity: 84.13%(53/63)) in the validation set. The AUC values were significantly higher than those of the clinical variable (smoking; training set: z=3.257, P<0.001; validation set: z=3.872, P<0.001). Conclusion:Individualized diagnosis model incorporating with smoking and radiomics signature can help differentiate lung cancer subtypes in a non-invasive, repeatable modality.

Cohort study of patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in China: evaluation of risk models and new predictor of pulmonary consolidation on computed tomography / 医学前沿

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare but severe diseases. This study aimed to validate the predictive ability of risk models in patients with SJS/TEN and propose possible refinement in China. Patients in the Department of Dermatology of Huashan Hospital from January 2008 to January 2019 were included. Results showed that the severity-of-illness score for TEN (SCORTEN) had a good discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), 0.78), and it was superior to auxiliary score (AS) and ABCD-10, which indicates age, bicarbonate level, cancer, dialysis, and 10% involved body surface area (AUC, 0.69 and 0.68, respectively). The calibration of SCORTEN (Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, P = 0.69) was also better than that of AS (P = 0.25) and ABCD-10 (P = 0.55). SCORTEN and ABCD-10 were similar (Brier score (BS), 0.04 and 0.04) in terms of accuracy of predictions. In addition, the imaging appearance of pulmonary consolidation on computed tomography was associated with high mortality. Refined models were formed using the variables and this imaging appearance. The refined AS and ABCD-10 models were similar in discrimination compared with the original SCORTEN (0.74 vs. 0.78, P = 0.23; 0.74 vs. 0.78, P = 0.30, respectively). Therefore, SCORTEN showed good discrimination performance, calibration, and accuracy, and refined AS or ABCD-10 model may be an option when SCORTEN variables are not available.

Research progress of pretargeting strategies in antibody radiolabeling / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Pretargeting is an imaging strategy different from the imaging of traditional radiolabeled antibody,in which the antibody and radioisotope are administered in turn and then combined by coupling system within the body.Due to the high specificity and affinity between the coupling systems,the radioisotope is localized to the target in vivo,and then the radioactive labeling is achieved for imaging.Nuclear imaging using pretargeting methods can decrease the circulation duration of the radioisotope so as to reduce the uptake of the radioactivity in normal tissues,and facilitate the use of short-lived radioisotopes.This article provides a bird's-eye view of 4 main strategies:biotin-streptavidin (SA) system,bispecific antibodies (BsAb) system,complementary oligonucleotides sequence,and bioorthogonal click chemistry system.

Comparison of 68Ga-PSMA-617 and MRI in diagnosis and staging of primary prostate cancer / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective:To compare the performance of 68Ga-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT and MRI in preoperative diagnosis and staging of primary prostate cancer. Methods:Twenty-four patients with prostate cancer, who underwent preoperative 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and prostate MRI in Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology between April 2018 and December 2019, were retrospectively enrolled. The pathological and follow-up results were considered as the gold standard, and diagnostic efficiencies of the 2 imaging methods were compared per patient and per type of lesions (seminal vesicle invasion, bladder neck invasion, lymph node metastasis and bone metastasis). The χ2 test was used for data analysis. Results:Prostate cancer was confirmed by pathology in 24 patients, including 6 cases with both seminal vesicle and bladder neck invasion, 5 cases with seminal vesicle invasion and 3 cases with invasion of bladder neck. Gleason scores in patients were as follow: 7 in 9 patients, 8-9 in 15 patients. The detection rates of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and MRI for primary prostate cancer were both 100%(24/24). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and MRI for detecting seminal vesicle invasion were 10/11, 13/13, 95.8%(23/24) and 9/11, 11/13, 83.3%(20/24), respectively. The specificity and accuracy were significantly different ( χ2 values: 6.231, 13.470, both P<0.05). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and MRI for detecting bladder invasion, which were 7/9, 13/15, 83.3%(20/24) and 3/9, 14/15, 70.8%(17/24), respectively, were not significantly different( χ2 values: 1.285, 0.164, 2.880, all P>0.05). Furthermore, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT for detecting pelvic lymph node metastasis were 11/11, 13/13 and 100%(24/24), respectively, and those of MRI for evaluating pelvic lymph node metastasis were 6/11, 11/13 and 70.8%(17/24), and the specificity of the 2 methods were significantly different ( χ2=6.231, P<0.05). All the 5 patients with pelvic bone metastasis were positive on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging, but only 2 of them were positive on MRI. Information from 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT changed pelvic TNM stage in 41.7%(10/24) patients who underwent MRI for initial staging. Conclusions:68Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging and MRI can both accurately detect intermediate- to high-risk primary prostate cancer and seminal vesicle invasion. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging is superior to MRI for evaluating lymph nodes and bone metastasis. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT provides high accuracy for preoperative diagnosing and staging intermediate- to high-risk prostate cancer.

Research progress of pretargeting strategies in antibody radiolabeling / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Pretargeting is an imaging strategy different from the imaging of traditional radiolabeled antibody, in which the antibody and radioisotope are administered in turn and then combined by coupling system within the body. Due to the high specificity and affinity between the coupling systems, the radioisotope is localized to the target in vivo, and then the radioactive labeling is achieved for imaging. Nuclear imaging using pretargeting methods can decrease the circulation duration of the radioisotope so as to reduce the uptake of the radioactivity in normal tissues, and facilitate the use of short-lived radioisotopes. This article provides a bird′s-eye view of 4 main strategies: biotin-streptavidin (SA) system, bispecific antibodies (BsAb) system, complementary oligonucleotides sequence, and bioorthogonal click chemistry system.

Analysis of clinical efficacy and prognosis of childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective:To evaluate the treatment efficacy of children with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and to explore the prognostic risk factors.Methods:The clinical and laboratory data of children with newly diagnosed T-ALL in Children's Hospital of Fudan University and Children's Hospital of Shanghai from January 2002 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed and compared with children with newly diagnosed B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) in the same period. The treatment protocols were based on the combination of the Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster (BFM)-ALL regimen with chemotherapy. The treatment response and infection of the children were observed. Cox proportional hazard regression model single-factor and multifactor analysis were used to evaluate the prognostic factors.Results:Seventy-one children with T-ALL and 333 children with B-ALL were enrolled. The clinical features including gender, age, central nervous system leukemia as well as the white blood cell count at first diagnosis were significantly different between the two groups (all P < 0.05). The prednisone good response rates of children with T-ALL were lower than that of B-ALL [78.9% (56/71) vs. 93.4% (311/333), P < 0.01], and the complete remission rates were lower than that of [94.4% (67/71) vs. 99.1% (330/333), P= 0.023]. By the end of follow-up, the relapse rates of children with T-ALL and B-ALL were 20.9% (14/67) and 16.4% (54/330) ( P= 0.369). The children with T-ALL had a shorter time to relapse compared with children with B-ALL [64.3% (9/14) vs. 35.2% (19/54), P= 0.049]. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of children with T-ALL and B-ALL were (62.1±6.4)% and (81.3±2.4)% (P < 0.05), and the 5-year event free survival (EFS) rates were (61.0±6.3)% and (71.0±2.7)% (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in OS and EFS among pro/pre T-ALL, cortical T-ALL and mature T-ALL (both P > 0.05). The difference of EFS curves between children with early T-precursor (ETP)-ALL and non-ETP ALL was statistically significant ( P= 0.044). The most common infection site was respiratory tract [63.9% (186/291)], and the gram-negative bacteria accounted for 43.5% (20/46). Cox univariate analysis showed that prednisone poor response, bone marrow non-remission on day 33 of induction-therapy, relapse and sepsis were prognostic risk factors for children with T-ALL (all P < 0.05), and Cox multivariate analysis showed that the latter three were independent prognostic risk factors (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:The prognosis of children with T-ALL is worse than children with B-ALL, and T-ALL patients are prone to early relapse. The EFS of children with ETP-ALL is poor. Non-remission at the end of induction-therapy, relapse and sepsis are independent risk factors for prognosis.

Identification of a novel CHS1/LYST variant in a Chinese pedigree affected with Chediak-Higashi syndrome / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To detect pathological variant in two patients with Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) from a consanguineous family and to explore its genotype-phenotype correlation.@*METHODS@#Clinical data was collected for this pedigree. Genomic DNA was prepared from probands' peripheral leukocytes and their relatives' fingernail. Whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were carried out to detect potential variant of the LYST gene.@*RESULTS@#The proband presented with partial oculocutaneous albinism, immunodeficiency and acidophilic inclusion body in bone marrow and blood smears. A novel homozygous nonsense variant c.8782C>T (p.Gln2928*) was identified in exon 34 of the LYST gene in the sib pair. The same variant was found to be in heterozygous status in 6 unaffected individuals from the pedigree.@*CONCLUSION@#Above result enriched the mutational spectrum of CHS and provided a basis for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for this pedigree.

Evaluation of limited open reduction in the treatment of femoral shaft fractures with intramedullary nail / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of limited open reduction in the treatment of femoral shaft fractures with intramedullary nail.Methods The clinical data of 39 patients with femoral shaft fractures in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery,Southern Medical University Xiaolan Affiliated Hospital from January 2016 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were treated with intramedullary nailing.Among them,25 cases were treated with limited open reduction (observation group) and 14 cases were treated with closed reduction (control group).The operation time,fluoroscopy frequency,blood loss volume,infection rate and curative effect were compared between 2 groups.Results The 39 patients were followed up for 7 to 25 (10.3 ± 2.8) months.The operation time and fluoroscopy frequency in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group:(111.4 ± 20.3) min vs.(129.3 ± 21.4) min and (7.0 ± 2.6) times vs.(22.6 ± 7.8) times,but the blood loss volume was significantly higher than that in control group:(454.0 ± 131.4) ml vs.(342.9 ± 120.7) ml,and there were statistical differences (P＜0.05 or ＜0.01);there was no statistical difference in the infection rate and excellent/ good rate between 2 groups (P＞0.05).Conclusions Limited open reduction simplifies the operation steps,shortens the operation time,and has fewer fluoroscopy times and less X-ray time.It can achieve the same effect as closed reduction,and can be used as an effective supplementary means when closed reduction equipment and technology are deficient.

Surgical treatment of severe aortic stenosis with septal hypertrophy / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To summarize the experience of surgical treatment of 18 cases of severe aortic stenosis with ventricular septum hypertrophy.Methods Clinical data of 18 patients with severe aortic stenosis admitted to the first affiliated hospital of zhengzhou university from January 2013 to December 2016 were collected.There were 7 males and 11 females.The mean age was (50.4 ±4.2) years old.All patients were diagnosed with severe stenosis of main artery valve by echocardiography before surgery,with mean aortic valve orifice area (0.57 ±0.11) cm2,cardiac function (NYHA classification) grade Ⅱ in 4 patients,grade Ⅲ in 9 patients,and grade ⅣV in 5 patients.There were 8 patients with mild aortic valve insufficiency,4 patients with mild to moderate mitral valve insufficiency,2 patients with moderate to severe aortic valve insufficiency,3 patients with ascending aorta dilatation (ascending aorta inner diameter ＞ 4.5 cm),and 1 patient with atrial fibrillation.Interventricular septum thickness (15.82 ± 2.04) mm,left ventricular posterior wall thickness (14.04 ± 1.28) mm,ratio of interventricular septum thickness to left ventricular posterior wall thickness (IVS/LVPW) 1.12 ±0.91,inner diameter of left ventricular outflow tract (19.01 ± 1.74) mm,cross-lobe differential pressure (102 ± 8.40) mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa),left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) mean 0.49 ± 0.05.Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) (53.33 ± 4.00)mm,left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD) (27.11 ± 1.99) mm,and left ventricular mass index (277.1 ± 37.3) g/m2.All patients underwent aortic valve replacement (AVR) and partial interventricular septum resection under general anesthesia and conventional extracorporeal circulation,2 patients underwent mitral valve formation (artificial valve ring),2 patients underwent ascending aorta formation,and 1 patient underwent ascending aorta wrapping.During the operation,the time of extracorporeal circulation,aortic occlusion,number of defibrillation during the operation,type of valve implantation and postoperative complications were recorded.Regular follow-up was conducted to analyze the changes of various indexes at different preoperative and postoperative time.Results There was no death in the whole group.2 patients were treated with temporary pacemakers.After drug treatment,sinus rhythm was restored on the 3rd and 6th day after surgery,and temporary pacemakers were removed.Echocardiography reexamination 1 week after the operation showed that all patients had a good artificial valve function and 2 patients had minor regurgitation of mitral valve.The difference in pressure across the valve,inner diameter of the left ventricular outflow tract,cardiac function classification,ventricular septum thickness,valve orifice area,and left ventricular mass index were significantly improved compared with the preoperative level (P ＜ 0.05).LVEF,LVEDD,and LVESD were compared with the preoperative level (P ＜ 0.05).After 6 months of follow-up,the difference in LVEF and LVEDD was statistically significant compared with the preoperative level (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Severe aortic stenosis combined with ventricular septum hypertrophy and partial ventricular septal muscle resection is a simple additional procedure in the AVR process,which does not increase the surgical risk and has a significant effect,and is conducive to postoperative left ventricular function recovery.

Surgical treatment of severe aortic stenosis with septal hypertrophy / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective@#To summarize the experience of surgical treatment of 18 cases of severe aortic stenosis with ventricular septum hypertrophy.@*Methods@#Clinical data of 18 patients with severe aortic stenosis admitted to the first affiliated hospital of zhengzhou university from January 2013 to December 2016 were collected. There were 7 males and 11 females. The mean age was (50.4±4.2) years old. All patients were diagnosed with severe stenosis of main artery valve by echocardiography before surgery, with mean aortic valve orifice area (0.57±0.11) cm2, cardiac function (NYHA classification) grade Ⅱ in 4 patients, grade Ⅲ in 9 patients, and grade Ⅳ in 5 patients. There were 8 patients with mild aortic valve insufficiency, 4 patients with mild to moderate mitral valve insufficiency, 2 patients with moderate to severe aortic valve insufficiency, 3 patients with ascending aorta dilatation (ascending aorta inner diameter>4.5 cm), and 1 patient with atrial fibrillation. Interventricular septum thickness (15.82±2.04)mm, left ventricular posterior wall thickness (14.04±1.28)mm, ratio of interventricular septum thickness to left ventricular posterior wall thickness (IVS/LVPW) 1.12±0.91, inner diameter of left ventricular outflow tract (19.01±1.74)mm, cross-lobe differential pressure (102±8.40) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) mean 0.49±0.05. Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) (53.33±4.00) mm, left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD) (27.11±1.99) mm, and left ventricular mass index (277.1±37.3) g/m2. All patients underwent aortic valve replacement (AVR) and partial interventricular septum resection under general anesthesia and conventional extracorporeal circulation, 2 patients underwent mitral valve formation (artificial valve ring), 2 patients underwent ascending aorta formation, and 1 patient underwent ascending aorta wrapping. During the operation, the time of extracorporeal circulation, aortic occlusion, number of defibrillation during the operation, type of valve implantation and postoperative complications were recorded. Regular follow-up was conducted to analyze the changes of various indexes at different preoperative and postoperative time.@*Results@#There was no death in the whole group. 2 patients were treated with temporary pacemakers. After drug treatment, sinus rhythm was restored on the 3rd and 6th day after surgery, and temporary pacemakers were removed. Echocardiography reexamination 1 week after the operation showed that all patients had a good artificial valve function and 2 patients had minor regurgitation of mitral valve. The difference in pressure across the valve, inner diameter of the left ventricular outflow tract, cardiac function classification, ventricular septum thickness, valve orifice area, and left ventricular mass index were significantly improved compared with the preoperative level (P<0.05). LVEF, LVEDD, and LVESD were compared with the preoperative level (P<0.05). After 6 months of follow-up, the difference in LVEF and LVEDD was statistically significant compared with the preoperative level (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Severe aortic stenosis combined with ventricular septum hypertrophy and partial ventricular septal muscle resection is a simple additional procedure in the AVR process, which does not increase the surgical risk and has a significant effect, and is conducive to postoperative left ventricular function recovery.

Effect of interferon-γ combined with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand on programmed necrosis of HaCaT cells and its mechanisms / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To evaluate the inductive effect of interferon-γ(IFN-γ) combined with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) on programmed necrosis of the human immortalized keratinocyte cell line HaCaT,and to explore its mechanisms.Methods In vitro cultured HaCaT cells were divided into several groups:negative control group receiving no treatment,IFN-γ group treated with 50 μg/L IFN-γ,TRAIL group treated with 4 μg/L TRAIL,and cytokine combination group treated with 50 μg/L IFN-γ and 4 μg/L TRAIL or zVAD combination group pretreated with 40 μmo/L zVAD for 1 hour followed by the treatment with 50 μg/L IFN-γand 4 μg/L TRAIL.After 48-hour treatment,the morphology of HaCaT cells were observed under a light microscope,methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium assay was performed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of the treatment on the proliferation of HaCaT cells,and double staining flow cytometry to detect the necrosis of HaCaT cells.Meanwhile,real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR (qPCR) was conducted to determine the mRNA expression of receptor interaction protein kinase 3 (RIP3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL),Western blot analysis to determine the expression of RIP1,RIP3,MLKL proteins and their phosphorylated forms (pRIP1,pRIP3,pMLKL),immunofluorescent staining to observe the distribution of pRIP3 and pMLKL in HaCaT cells,and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HaCaT cells in the above groups was detected by the fluorescence probe DCFH-DA.Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS 22 software by using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for comparing indices among different groups,and least significant difference (LSD)-t test for multiple comparisons.Results After 48-hour treatment,HaCaT cells in the cytokine combination group and zVAD combination group showed necrosis-like morphologic features.Methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazoliumassay revealed significant differences in the survival rate of HaCaT cells among the IFN-γgroup,TRAIL group,cytokine combination group,zVAD combination group and negative control group (73.16％ ± 5.71％,81.46％ ± 4.68％,72.18％ ± 2.93％,69.67％ ± 3.24％ and 100％,respectively;F =24.34,P ＜ 0.001).The necrosis rate of HaCaT cells was notably higher in the cytokine combination group and zVAD combination group (9.86％ ± 1.31％,10.33％ ± 2.16％,respectively) than in the negative control group (5.26％ ± 0.91％,t =4.61,5.07,respectively,both P ＜ 0.05).qPCR revealed that the mRNA expression of RIP3 and MLKL significantly increased in the cytokine combination group and zVAD combination group compared with the negative control group (tRIP3 =0.99,1.84,tMLKL =1.51,2.17,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).Western blot analysis suggested that the protein expression of RIP1,RIP3,MLKL,pRIP1,pRIP3 and pMLKL significantly increased in the cytokine combination group compared with the negative control group (all P ＜ 0.05),and the zVAD combination group showed significantly decreased caspase 8 expression and increased expression of the above proteins compared with the cytokine combination group.Fluorescence microscopy showed that enhanced green dot-like or clump-like fluorescent spots (representing pRIP3) could be observed in the cytoplasm,and red fluorescent spots (representing pMLKL) could be seen on the cell membrane in the cytokine combination group.The average fluorescence intensity of ROS was significantly higher in the cytokine combination group than in the negative control group (t =702.00,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion IFN-γcombined with TRAIL can induce the programmed necrosis of HaCaT cells with increased level of ROS.

Clinical effect of medical radiation protective ointment compared with trolamine cream to prevent acute radiation-induced skin injury in breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy after modified radical mastectomy / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To access the clinical effect of medical radiation protective ointment compared with trolamine cream to prevent acute radiation-induced skin injury in breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy after modified radical mastectomy. Methods Between February 2017 and February 2018,a total of 120 stage T1-4 N1-3 M0 eligible patients received intensity modulated radiation therapy were enrolled and matches into two groups:study group (60 cases) was administered medical radiation protective ointment from the first irradiation fraction,and control group (60 cases) received trolamine cream. When 3 grade reaction was observed,patients in control group start to administer medical radiation protective ointment until a month after radiation. Results The occurrence rate of acute breast dermal radiation reaction was 100％.Most patients in study group only underwent 1 grade radiation reaction (82％),while 2 and 3 grade radiation reaction (47％ and 13％) in control group were common ( P= 0. 000). Both pruritic degree and pain degree were higher in control group compared with study group (both P= 0. 000).In study group,the occurrence of 2 grade acute radiation-induced skin injury was obviously later than in control group with significant difference (P= 0. 000).Patients observed with 3 grade reaction relieved to certain reaction after administering medical radiation protective ointment. Conclusions Medical radiation protective ointment can effectively both alleviate and delay acute radiation-induced skin injury compared with trolamine cream. It also has therapeutic effect on 3 grade radiation reaction.

Targeted imaging and therapy of prostate cancer by radionuclide labeled small molecule inhibitors of prostate specific membrane antigen / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) overexpresses in most prostate cancer (PCa) lesions and plays an important role in the early diagnosis and preoperative staging,clinical decision making,recurrence and metastasis detection as well as targeted therapy.Radionuclide (especially 68Ga and 177Lu) labeled multiple small molecule inhibitors of PSMA have been wildly used in SPECT,PET imaging on PCa,and play an important role in the treatment of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).This review summarizes the development in these fields.

Effects of oprinon hydrochloride on cardiac function improvement and hemodynamics in patients after cardiac valve replacement / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oprinon hydrochloride in increasing cardiac pump function and stabilizing hemodynamics and preventing common complications after cardiac valve replacement. Methods Sixty-two patients were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January to August 2018 to undergo cardiac valve replacement operation, post-operatively, 32 patients using oprinon hydrochloride were in the observation group and 30 patients using milrinone were in the control group. Both groups received basic treatment, additionally the observation group was given oprinon hydrochloride intravenous pump injection for 48 hours and the control group was given milrinone intravenous pump injection for 48 hours. The changes of vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate), cardiac function, hemodynamics, biochemical indexes, electrocardiogram, cardiac color Doppler ultrasound and adverse reactions were observed before and after treatment in the two groups. The incidence of cardiovascular events (worsening, re-hospitalization and death) was followed up 1 month after discharge. Results The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), central venous pressure (CVP), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), N-terminal B-type natriuria (NT-proBNP), lactic acid, serum creatinine (SCr), blood sodium and potassium of the two groups after treatment were not statistically significant compared with those before treatment [LVEF: the control group was 0.52±0.09 vs. 0.60±0.09, the observation group was 0.62±0.12 vs. 0.50±0.11;CVP (mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): the control group was 11.2±2.8 vs. 13.0±2.9, the observation group was 13.0±2.5 vs. 10.5±3.6; SaO2: the control group was 0.98 (0.90, 0.99) vs. 0.99 (0.98, 1.00), the observation group was 0.95 (0.94, 0.98) vs. 0.96 (0.90, 1.00); PaO2(mmHg): the control group was 100.5 (63.8, 135.3) vs. 99.5 (82.3, 179.5), the observation group was 95.0 (85.5, 129.0) vs. 75.5 (59.0, 138.3); NT-proBNP (pg/L): the control group was 1.45 (1.34, 3.31) vs. 0.92 (0.42, 1.81), the observation group was 0.47 (0.35, 1.37) vs. 2.07 (1.27, 4.44); lactic acid (mmol/L): the control group was 3.6 (2.4, 4.5) vs. 1.4 (1.2, 3.1), the observation group was 1.3 (1.1, 2.1) vs. 3.1 (1.4, 3.7); SCr (μmol/L): the control group was 106.7±35.9 vs. 84.4±20.3, the observation group was 96.5±40.7 vs. 77.1±23.1; sodium (mmol/L):the control group was 141.4±7.2 vs. 143.6±4.2, the observation group was 142.9±3.6 vs. 140.5±4.5; potassium (mmol/L): the control group was 4.6±0.9 vs. 4.8±0.6, the observation group was 4.8±0.6 vs. 4.1±0.6, all P > 0.05];the comparisons between the following indicators in levels before and after treatment in the two groups had statistical significant differences: the peripheral arterial pressure (PAP), white blood cell count (WBC), hemoglobin (Hb), platelet count (PLT), alanine aminotransferas (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) [PAP (mmHg): the control group was 33.0 (24.0, 59.3) vs. 38.0 (34.8, 46.0), the observation group was 30.0 (25.0, 32.0) vs. 53.5 (29.3, 66.5); WBC (×109/L):the control group was 12.2 (10.4, 13.9) vs. 5.7 (4.4, 8.6), the observation group was: 8.4 (3.7, 11.8) vs. 8.6 (5.7, 12.4); Hb (g/L): the control group was 95.6±12.9 vs. 130.3±15.0, the observation group was 111.1±22.6 vs. 112.4±24.6; PLT (×109/L): the control group was 95.2±21.3 vs. 168.7±32.6, the observation group was 146.3±68.1 vs. 132.7±45.1;ALT (U/L): the control group was 36.5 (15.3, 80.5) vs. 14.0 (11.0, 19.0), the observation group was 15.0 (10.0, 32.3) vs. 20.3 (12.0, 35.8); AST (U/L): the control group was 33.0 (20.0, 83.0) vs. 16.5 (16.7, 28.8), the observation group was 35.5 (12.3, 56.8) vs. 75.5 (45.3, 140.3), all P < 0.05]; after treatment, the urea nitrogen (BUN) level in control group was higher than that before treatment (mmol/L: 11.4±4.7 vs. 7.1±2.5), while BUN in the observation group was decreased (mmol/L: 6.5 ±3.3 vs. 9.1±3.8), there was statistical significant difference in BUN level between the two groups after treatment (P < 0.05). The levels of systolic blood pressure and respiratory rate after treatment in the two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment (all P < 0.05). After treatment, the diastolic blood pressure in the observation group was increased, but there was no significant difference in the control group before and after treatment, and the diastolic blood pressure in the observation group after treatment was higher than that in the control group (mmHg: 67.8±9.9 vs. 62.0±10.5, P < 0.05). According to the New York Heart Association Heart (NYHA) function efficacy assessment score, the total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group [93.7% (30/32) vs. 83.3% (25/30), P > 0.05]. There was no statistical significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the observation group and the control group [12.5% (4/32) vs. 30.0% (9/30), P > 0.05]. The patients in the two groups were followed up for one month after discharge, 9 cases (30.0%) in the control group were re-hospitalized due to heart failure, and 3 cases (9.4%) in the observation group were re-hospitalized due to heart failure, there was no statistical significant difference between the two groups in re-hospitalization rate (P > 0.05). Conclusion Oprinone hydrochloride can effectively improve cardiac function and maintain hemodynamic stability of patients after heart valve replacement surgery.

Epithelial mesenchymal transition in airway remodeling of asthma and its molecular regulation / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airway.Repeated inflammatory injury and tissue repair can lead to airway remodeling.The airway epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT) plays an important role in airway remodeling of asthma.Various cytokines and signaling pathways,such as transforming growth factor β (TGF-β),nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4),are involved in the molecular regulation of EMT.

Amplitude of brain low-frequency fluctuation changes after sleep deprivation in healthy adolescent subjects: An fMRI study / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To explore the regional brain activities in healthy adolescent subjects after sleep deprivation (SD) using amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) method.Methods:Total of 16 healthy adolescent subjects (8 males,8 females;aged 13-20 years) were recruited in the community and the campus through the internet and posters.Each of the 16 healthy adolescent subject underwent the attention network test and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) session twice:once was after rested wakefulness (RW condition),and the other was after SD condition.Amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) method was used to assess the local brain features.The mean ALFF signal values of the different brain areas were performed to investigate their relationships with the accuracy rate,reaction time and lapse rate in the attention network test,and were analyzed with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to investigate their sensitivities and specificities to distinguish the SD condition from the RW condition.Results:Subjects showed a lower response accuracy rate [(83 ± 12) ％ vs.(97 ± 4) ％,P ＜ 0.05],a longer response time [(832 ± 134) ms vs.(715 ± 97) ms,P ＜ 0.05] and a higher lapse rate [(15 ± 11)％ vs.(2.4 ±7.3)％,P ＜0.05] under SD condition than under RW condition.They showed higher ALFF area in the right cuneus (BA 17,BA 18),and lower ALFF areas in the right lentiform nucleus,right claustrum,left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA 46) and left inferior parietal cortex (BA 39) under SD condition than under RW condition.Under SD condition,the mean ALFF signal value of the right claustrum showed a significant positive correlation with the accuracy rate (r =0.69,P ＜0.05),and a negative correlation with the lapse rate (r =-0.71,P ＜0.05).The mean ALFF signal value of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex showed a significant positive correlation with the reaction time (r =0.68,P ＜ 0.05).The values of area under the curve of the right cuneus,right lentiform nucleus,right claustrum,left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and left inferior parietal cortice were 0.9,0.8,0.9,0.8 and 0.9,respectively.These different ALFF areas also showed high degree of sensitivities and specificities.Conclusion:Sleep deprivation leads to the dysfunction in the default mode network,anticorrelatedtask-positive network,and advanced cognitive function brain areas,and the functional compensation in the visual network.

The state of the art of tumor molecular imaging targeting PD-1/PD-L1 pathway / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) path-way has emerged as a critical target for cancer immunotherapy,and monoclonal antibodies that block either side of this inhibitory interaction have demonstrated impressive activity across a broad set of cancer subtypes.Clinical studies have shown that tumor PD-L1 expression is associated with clinical stages and poor prognosis.Tumor PD-L1 expression detection may help to screen the patients who are most likely to be benefit from anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy and evaluate the prognosis.Molecular imaging technology such as PET,SPECT and optical imaging may be the modalities that allowing for noninvasively dynamic detection and overall evaluation of multiple biomarkers.This review focuses on the state of the art of tumor molecular imaging targeting PD-1/PD-L1 pathway.

Recent progress of 89 Zr tracers for PET imaging / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

89Zr is a positron-emitting metal with a long half-life (78.4 h) which is compatible to the labeling of slow-accumulating bioactive vectors. Many researchers have adopted 89 Zr for medical research. DFO is the most prevalent chelator used to link 89 Zr with bioactive vectors to synthesize stable PET agents, which gives high-resolution PET images with exceptional T/NT ratio. This review describes five methods based on DFO to synthesize 89 Zr-based PET agents, among which isothiocyanate ( Df-Bz-NCS) and N-succi-nyl-DFO ( N-suc-DFO) have been used in clinical studies. The targeting bioactive vectors labeled by 89 Zr for PET imaging include antibodies (monoclonal antibodies and their derivatives), polypeptides (RGD pep-tides), proteins (transferrin, albumin, etc.), bioengineering structures (nanoparticles, liposomes, micro-spheres, etc.), cells (stem cells, immune cell subsets) and so on. The application of 89Zr PET in drug de-velopment, cell tracking and tumor imaging has become increasingly prominent.