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Objective:To observe the efficacy and safety of radium-223 in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with bone metastasis.Methods:The clinical data of 48 patients with mCRPC treated with radium-223(55 kBq/kg, once every 4 weeks, planned to use for 6 cycles)from February 2021 to May 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients had symptomatic bone metastasis without visceral metastasis, which the number of bone metastasis was more than one site.They were all classified as IVb stage. The average age was 70.5 (ranging 49-90) years. The median PSA was 44.70(ranging 0.15-1 864.00) ng/ml. The median ALP was 162 (ranging 43-1 589) U/L. The median time from mCRPC diagnosis to radium-223 use was 10 (ranging 3-47) months. 9, 18 and 11 patients had received first-line, second-line and third-line treatment for mCRPC before enrollment respectively, 10 patients had received at least fourth-line treatment. 38 (79.1%), 31 (64.5%), 30 (62.5%) and 7 (14.6%) patients had used abiraterone, enzalutamide, docetaxel and olaparib before enrollment. The probability of PSA level decrease >30%, ALP level decrease >30%, symptom improvement rate, median overall survival (OS), as well as the occurrence of treatment-related adverse reactions and the reasons for withdraw treatment were analyzed.Results:The median follow-up time was 8 (ranging 1-16) months. 11 patients completed all 6 courses of treatment. The median number of completed courses was 4 (ranging 1-6). 27 patients (56.2%) received radium-223 and bone protection drugs (Bisphosphate/ Denosumab). PSA decreased by >30% was recorded in 10 patients (20.8%) and ALP decreased by >30% was recorded in 25 patients (52.1%). 23 cases (47.9%) reported bone pain relief during treatment. Among the 9 patients who had received first-line of mCRPC previously, 6 cases (66%) had relief of bone pain symptoms, and 4 cases (44%) had a decrease of PSA >30%. Among the 18 patients who had previously received second-line mCRPC treatment, 11 cases (61%) had relief of bone pain symptoms, and 4 cases (22%) had a decrease of PSA >30%. Among the 21 patients who had received third-line or more mCRPC treatment in the past, 6 (28.5%) had symptom relief, and 2 (9.5%) had PSA decrease >30%. The median overall survival (OS) was not reached, and the OS was estimated to be 12.5 months using the Kaplan-Meier method. The most common hematological adverse effects were thrombocytopenia (15 cases, 31.2%; grade 3 in 6 cases and grade 4 in 0), followed by leucopenia (11 cases, 22.9%; grade 3 in 4 cases and grade 4 in 1 case) and anemia (8 cases, 16.7%; grade 3 in 3 cases and grade 4 in 0). Non-hematological adverse reactions included fever in 1 case (2.1%), constipation in 4 cases (8.3%), nausea and vomiting in 10 cases (20.8%), diarrhea in 7 cases (14.6%), dizziness in 1 case (2.1%) and fatigue in 11 cases (22.9%). Seven cases were discontinued due to intolerable adverse reactions (median 2 courses), 14 cases were discontinued due to disease progression or death (median 2 courses), and 5 cases were discontinued due to other reasons (median 1 course).Conclusions:Radium-223 has a good performance in symptom control for mCRPC patients who have previously received first-line or second-line therapy. Due to the high incidence of hematological adverse reactions, more attention should be paid to the changes of hemogram during the treatment, and timely treatment should be carried out to improve the drug tolerance of patients.
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Objective:To explore clinical value of prostate target biopsy guided by multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and 68Ga-labeled prostate specific membrane antigen ligand imaging positron emission tomography/X-ray computed tomography ( 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT) image fusion. Methods:The data of 50 patients admitted to Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from January 2021 to February 2022 who underwent mpMRI and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT to guide prostate biopsy were retrospectively analyzed. The median age was 70 (63-79) years, the median serum tPSA value was 8.1 (6.8-83.0) ng/ml, and the prostate volume was 45.5 (30-80) ml. 36 cases were positive by mpMRI, including PI-RADS score 3 in 5 cases, 4 score in 19 cases, 5 score in 12 cases. 32 cases were positive by 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT examination, of which 30 cases were double positive and the fusion of both imaging techniques was positive, referred to as PET/CT-MRI. The patient's mpMRI and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT images were imported into the MIM fusion software, and the outline of the prostate and the target area were outlined respectively. When PET/CT and MRI double positive cases were biopsied, the two images were alternately fused, calibrated and locked with the real-time prostate ultrasound interface(PET/CT-MRI). Single-positive cases were guided by positive images to complete targeted biopsy, and 12-needle systematic biopsies were completed after targeted biopsy and double-negative cases. The advantages of targeted biopsy and systematic biopsy was evaluated, and the diagnostic performance (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value) was analyzed. Results:Among the 50 biopsy patients in this group, 31 (62%) had prostate cancer, of which 22 (44%) were CsPCa. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of prostate cancer between targeted biopsy and systematic biopsy [78.9% (30/38) and 62.0% (31/50), P=0.088], and there was no significant difference in the detection rate of CsPCa [57.9% (22/38) and 40.0% (20/50), P=0.096]. The positive rate of the biopsy needles number was significantly different [86.3% (69/80) and 19.0% (114/ 600), P<0.001]. The detection rates of prostate cancer in mpMRI positive, PET/CT positive and PET/CT-MRI positive cases were 83.3% (30/36), 90.6% (29/32) and 96.6% (29/30) respectively, the detection rates of CsPCa were 61.1% (22/36), 68.8% (22/32) and 73.3% (22/30) respectively.The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of mpMRI in the diagnosis of prostate cancer were 96.8%(30/31), 68.4%(13/19), 83.3%(30/36)and 92.9%(13/14), respectively.Those values in 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT were 93.5%(29/31), 84.2%(16/19), 90.6%(29/32)and 88.9%(16/18), respectively.Those values in PET/CT-MRI were 93.8%(29/31), 94.7%(18/19), 96.7%(29/30)and 90.0%(18/20), respectively. The above four indicators of mpMRI diagnosis of CsPCa were 100.0%(22/22), 50.0%(14/28), 61.1%(22/36)and 100.0%(14/14), respectively.Those indicators in 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT were 100.0%(22/22), 64.3%(18/28), 68.8%(22/32)and 100.0%(18/18), respectively.Those indicators in PET/CT-MRI was 100.0%(22/22), 71.4%(20/28), 73.2%(22/30)and 100.0%(20/20), respectively. The detection efficiency of PET/CT-MRI was better than that of mpMRI (Kappa value was 0.737, P=0.031). Conclusions:PET/CT-MRI image fusion-guided targeted prostate biopsy can effectively improve the detection efficiency of prostate cancer and clinically significant prostate cancer, and increase the positive rate.
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Retrospectively analyze the clinicopathological data of a patient with metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer, and review relevant literature. The patient was male, 68 years old. Complaints of dysuria and urgency for half a year. Blood PSA>100 ng/ml, magnetic resonance showed that the prostate was occupying space, the boundary with the seminal vesicle gland was not clear, and the pelvic cavity had multiple bone lesions. Bone scan revealed multiple bone metastases. The prostate biopsy showed adenocarcinoma, Gleason score 5+ 5. The clinical stage was T 3N 0M 1b.A palliative transurethral resection of the prostate was performed due to urination obstruction, and endocrine therapy with medical castration combined with abiraterone and prednisone. PSA was continuously controlled at <0.006 ng/ml. After half a year of treatment, the prostate-specific membrane antigen single-photon emission computerized tomography and magnetic resonance examination revealed sternal and parasternal soft tissue lesions. Local radiotherapy and continuous endocrine therapy were given. The disease was under long-term control.There are various treatment options for metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer. Medical castration treatment combined with abiraterone and prednisone can effectively control the disease with mild adverse reactions. Palliative transurethral resection of the prostate can improve the symptoms of urinary obstruction and may also improve the prognosis of patients.
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Objective:To observe the clinical effect and safety of regional lymph node dissection in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer(mCRPC).Methods:The clinical data of 22 patients with mCRPC who underwent regional lymph node dissection in our hospital from August 2015 to May 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients had undergone radical prostatectomy and entered mCRPC, metastatic lymph nodes limited to pelvic or retroperitoneal without other metastasis were determined by PSMA-PET in 5 cases and PSMA-SPECT in 17 cases. The median time from radical surgery to mCRPC was 32 (4-96) months, and the median time from discovery of mCRPC to regional lymph node dissection was 4 (1-43) months. The median PSA before regional lymph node dissection was 4.44 (2.00-22.15) ng/ml. Image of local examination showed pelvic lymph node metastasis in 16 cases, retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis in 3 cases, pelvic together with retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis in 3 cases. Before regional lymph node dissection, 18 patients were treated with drug castration combined with first-generation antiandrogens, and 4 patients were treated with drug castration combined with abiraterone. The lymph node dissection range was determined according to the location of metastatic lymph nodes. Obturator lymph nodes and lymph node metastasis around external iliac and internal iliac vessels: the range of dissection includes fibrous adipose tissue around external iliac vein and internal iliac vein, and obturator lymph adipose tissue. Common iliac and pelvic floor lymph node metastasis: dissect lymphoid adipose tissue around common iliac vessels on the basis of the original dissection range as far as the aortic bifurcation. Retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis: remove all lymph node adipose tissue located between the bifurcation of renal artery and aorta. The PSA remission rate, PSA remission time, surgical complications and other relevant clinicopathological features were analyzed.Results:Among the 22 cases, 6 cases underwent unilateral pelvic lymph node dissection, 10 cases underwent bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection, 3 cases underwent retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, and 3 cases underwent pelvic and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection at the same time. 19 cases (86.3%) showed positive lymph nodes by pathology. An average of 9.8 (3-29) lymph nodes were dissected in each patient, with an average of 4.1 (0-12) positive lymph nodes. All 22 cases continued to use the previous anti-androgen therapy after lymph node dissection. 17 cases (77.3%) achieved PSA remission after operation, of which 9 cases developed PSA progression, and the median PSA progression time was 12 (2-36) months. Univariate analysis showed that PSA value during radical operation ( P=0.029), N stage during radical operation ( P=0.057), the number of positive lymph nodes during regional lymph node dissection ( P=0.069) and the location of lymph node metastasis during regional lymph node dissection ( P =0.005) were related to the progression time of PSA. Postoperative complications: lymphatic leakage in 7 cases; 5 cases of postoperative fever, of which 1 case was confirmed to have pelvic bacterial infection. One patient suffered from massive intra-operative bleeding due to the invasion of blood vessels by metastatic lymph nodes. After timely hemostasis during the operation, the patient returned to the ward and was discharged 6 days later. One case of intestinal obstruction, and 1 case of body surface wound infection. 6 cases of lymphatic leakage healed within 1 month after operation, and 1 case of lymphatic leakage healed within 3 months after operation. Conclusions:For mCRPC patients with lymph node metastasis which could be surgically removed, regional lymph node dissection may further delay the starting time of posterior drugs, and the complications are relatively controllable.
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Objective:To explore the clinical value of cryoablation technology in the treatment of patients with primary tumor recurrence after radical radiotherapy for prostate cancer.Methods:The clinical data of 21 patients with prostate cancer recurrence after radical radiotherapy in the Fudan University Affiliated Cancer Hospital from August 2017 to February 2021 was retrospectively analyzed. The average age was 73.1 (57.3-85.0) years old, and the Gleason score was 6 in 5 cases, 7 in 8 cases, and ≥8 in 8 cases. The clinical stage of the first diagnosis: 13 cases of cT 2 stage; 8 cases of cT 3 stage. The baseline PSA before radiotherapy was 35.3 (6.4-78.5) ng/ml, and the lowest PSA after radiotherapy was 1.8 ng/ml. After a median follow-up of 8 (3-12) months, all patients were detected with persistently elevated PSA. Pelvic MRI and PSMA SPECT showed that the primary prostate lesion had recurred. PSA before cryoablation was 4.1 (1.8-14.4) ng/ml. Comprehensive assessment of preoperative examination showed that the patient only had a recurrence of the primary tumor, and no lymph node or distant metastasis was seen. An argon-helium cryogenic surgical treatment system was used to place 1 to 3 cryo-needles for recurring lesions, and cryoablation was performed using two cold and hot cycles. Observation indicators include prognostic indicators such as PSA, recurrence and metastasis, and the occurrence of adverse reactions. Results:Complications after cryoablation include: 2 cases of urinary retention, 1 case of urinary tract infection, and 2 cases of urination with tissue shedding. The PSA of 11 cases decreased rapidly 2 to 3 months after operation, and dropped to the lowest median value of 0.4 (0.003 to 2.8) ng/ml. After cryoablation, the median follow-up was 18 (6-51) months. Imaging examinations in 1 case showed that the prostate still had limited diffusion or increased PSMA uptake, and 4 cases had PSA progression but no recurrence or metastasis. The median recurrence time for advanced patients was 13 (4-36) months. Larger prostate volume ( P<0.001) and higher blood PSA before ablation( P=0.021) were related to biochemical recurrence. Conclusions:Prostate cryoablation could delay the progression of the primary tumor after radical radiotherapy for prostate cancer. The incidence of complications such as urinary retention and urinary tract infection is not high, and it is generally safe and controllable.
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Objective@#To investigate the short-term efficacy and adverse events of chemotherapy combined with androgen-deprivation therapy in high-volume metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer.@*Methods@#From March 2015 to August 2017, 55 patients with high-volume metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer were enrolled at Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center receiving chemotherapy combined with androgen-deprivation therapy. The age was 65(8) years (M(QR)) (range: 46 to 79 years). Patients were enrolled in the study for continuous androgen-deprivation therapy (medical or surgical castration), combined with docetaxel 75 mg/m2 intravenous injection on the first day, repeated every 21 days (6 cycles). Endpoints included overall survival, progression-free survival of prostate cancer, prostate specific antigen (PSA) response rate, and adverse events.@*Results@#The follow-up time was 21.2(11.7) months. The PSA value before chemotherapy was 144.9(415.3) μg/L. The days in patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy before chemotherapy was 14(23) days. Four patients (7.3%) presented 0 in Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group scoring system and 51 patients(92.7%) presented 1. Thirty-nine patients (70.9%) completed more than 6 cycles of combined chemotherapy, 17 patients (30.9%) showed PSA<0.2 μg/L at 6 months after treatment, and 14 patients (25.5%) showed PSA<0.2 μg/L at 12 months after treatment. Twenty-eight patients (50.9%) had grade 3 to 4 neutropenia and 1 patient (1.8%) developed infectious neutropenia and died. Nausea and vomit occurred in 16 patients (29.1%). Twelve patients (21.8%) underwent dose adjustment due to adverse events in blood system.@*Conclusions@#The short-term effect was confirmed in high-volume metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer using chemotherapy combined androgen-deprivation therapy, and the long-term effect remains to be seen. Myelosuppression during chemotherapy requires close attention, and taking timely examination is recommended.
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Objective@#To investigate the value of prostate health index (PHI) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in patients with total prostate specific antigen (tPSA) <20 μg/L.@*Methods@#Totally 1 135 patients with tPSA<20 μg/L and prostate biopsy indications at Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from March 2013 to April 2016 were enrolled in this study. They were tested for serum tPSA, free prostate specific antigen and prostate specific antigen isoform 2, from which PHI was calculated. Diagnostic efficacy of PHI and tPSA were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The detection rates of prostate cancer were calculated in different ranges of PHI. Subgroup analysis of 716 patients, who were aged 50 or above with tPSA in the range of 4 to 10 μg/L and digital rectal examination negative, was performed.@*Results@#In the biopsied objects with tPSA<20 μg/L, PHI was significantly higher in prostate cancer patients than that in non-cancer patients (48.4(37.4) vs. 26.5(16.9), U=52 674.00, P=0.000), PHI was also significantly higher in high-grade prostate cancer patients than that of low-grade prostate cancer patients (44.5(30.8) vs. 56.4(42.5), U=23 314.00, P=0.000). The area under the curve (AUC) of PHI for diagnosing prostate cancer was significantly higher than that of tPSA (0.771 vs. 0.627, P=0.000). When PHI was in the range of <27, 27 to <36, 36 to <55 and ≥55, the probability of prostate cancer was 9.4% (95%CI: 7.0% to 12.2%), 16.3% (95%CI: 12.2% to 20.8%), 31.0% (95%CI: 25.9% to 37.3%) and 66.4% (95%CI: 58.9% to 74.2%), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that the AUC of PHI in diagnosing prostate cancer was significantly higher than that of tPSA (0.764 vs. 0.569, P=0.000). When PHI was in the range of <27, 27 to <36, 36 to <55 and ≥55, the probability of prostate cancer was 8.1% (95%CI: 5.4% to 11.3%), 14.0% (95%CI: 9.1% to 19.9%), 30.8% (95%CI: 23.6% to 38.7%) and 78.8% (95%CI: 66.7% to 88.9%), respectively.@*Conclusion@#PHI is superior to tPSA in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in Chinese men with tPSA<20 μg/L.
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Background and purpose:It has been demonstrated that radical prostatectomy for patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer may contribute to improving local control of prostate cancer and overall survival by several retrospective studies. Perioperative complications play an important role in determining whether radical prostatectomy is appropriate for patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer. This study aimed to discuss the recurrence rate and the sever-ity of perioperative complications, and the primary curative effect of radical prostatectomy on oligometastatic prostate can-cer patients.Methods:A total number of 247 patients who received radical prostatectomy were recruited in the study from Jul. 2015 to Jan. 2016, including 25 patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer and 222 patients with localized prostate cancer. Patients with perioperative complications in both groups were graded with the Clavien-Dindo grading system. The proportion of PSA decline and the rates and severity of perioperative complications were analyzed in both groups.Results:The cases of prostate specific antigen (PSA) decline in the oligometastatic group were 21 (84.0%), lower than the localized group with 212 cases (95.5%). There were 6 cases (24.0%) with postoperative complications in the oligometastatic group, including serious complications (Ⅲ or above) 1 case (4.0%), and 49 cases (22.1%) with postoperative complications in the localized group, including serious complications (Ⅲ or above) 7 cases (3.2%). The differences between the groups reached no statistical significance (P>0.05).Conclusion:Radical prostatectomy for patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer could be safe, effective, and appropriate, the risk of perioperative complications should not be one of the limiting factors.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate clinical factors affecting Gleason score upgrade in patients receiving radical prostatectomy (RP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 322 patients with prostate cancer who received RP from January 2012 to December 2013 at Department of Urology at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center were included, and their data of age, body mass index (BMI), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostate volume, percentage core, clinical staging, pathological characteristics, biopsy Gleason score and RP Gleason score were analyzed. Differences in categorical variables and continuous variables were compared using χ² tests and Student's t-test, respectively. Unconditional multiple logistic regression was used to estimate OR and 95% CI of the association of Gleason score upgrade with clinical factors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Gleason score upgrade occurred in 107 of 322 (33.3%) patients. There was no difference in age, BMI and clinical staging between the two groups. Compared with patients without Gleason score upgrade, higher levels of PSA (χ² =6.740, P=0.034), smaller prostate volume (t=3.481, P=0.002) and elevated percentage core (t=-2.097, P=0.037) were observed in patients with Gleason score upgrade. In addition, lymph node metastasis (χ² =4.193, P=0.041) and extracapsular extension (χ² =4.747, P=0.029) were more common in patients with Gleason score upgrade. After adjusting for potential confounders, PSA levels (OR=2.451, 95% CI: 1.290-4.660), prostate volume (OR=0.982, 95% CI: 0.969-0.995) and percentage core (OR=2.756, 95% CI: 1.033-7.357) were independent predictors for Gleason score upgrade.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Gleason score upgrade happens at a relatively high rate. PSA levels, prostate volume and percentage core are important factors affecting Gleason score upgrade.</p>
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Humans , Male , Biopsy , Body Mass Index , China , Logistic Models , Multivariate Analysis , Neoplasm Grading , Prostate-Specific Antigen , Blood , Prostatectomy , Prostatic Neoplasms , Diagnosis , General SurgeryABSTRACT
Neomangiferin, a natural C-glucosyl xanthone, has recently received a great deal of attention due to its multiple biological activities. In this study, a rapid and sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chroma-tography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) method for the quantification of neomangiferin in rat plasma was developed. Using chloramphenicol as an internal standard (IS), plasma samples were subjected to a direct protein precipitation process using methanol (containing 0.05% formic acid). Quan-tification was performed by multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) method, with the transitions of the parent ions to the product ions of m/z 583.1-330.9 for NG and m/z 321.1-151.9 for IS. The assay was shown to be linear over the range of 0.2–400 ng/mL, with a lower limit of quantification of 0.2 ng/mL. Mean recovery of neomangiferin in plasma was in the range of 97.76%–101.94%. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) of intra-day and inter-day precision were both o 10%. The accuracy of the method ranged from 94.20%to 108.72%. This method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of neomangiferin after intravenous (2 mg/kg) and intragastric (10 mg/kg) administration for the first time. The oral absolute bioavailability of neomangiferin was estimated to be 0.53%7 0.08%with an elimination half-life (t1/2) value of 2.74 7 0.92 h, indicating its poor absorption and/or strong metabolism in vivo.
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Background and purpose:Bladder cancer radical surgery is dififcult with many perioperative complications, and the learning curve is long. To introduce the clinical application of complete retrograde radical cystectomy and consequent abdominal cavity reconstruction in male bladder cancer, and to provide a standardized surgical procedure with minimum perioperative complications and short learning curve. Methods:From Apr. 2012 to Apr. 2013, 110 cases of male patients with bladder cancer received this procedure in our department, with a median age of 64 (35-83) years;Preoperative characters, surgical parameters, perioperative complications, pathology, long-term complications and short-term prognosis were collected and analyzed. Results:The median number of lymph nodes resected in operation was 12 (8-16);Neurovascular bundles were reserved bilaterally in 65 cases, and unilaterally in 31 cases;The complete procedure including urinary diversion took 4.4 (2.2-6.0) hours, with a median time of opened abdominal cavity of 43.0 (5.0-75.0) minutes;The median blood loss was 140.0 (50.0-600.0) mL, and 4 patients needed transfusion; Median time of abdominal and pelvic drainage was 10.0 (6.0-15.0) days, the median gastrointestinal recovery time was 2.5 (1.0-12.0) days, and the median postoperative hospital stay was 17.0 (10.0-39.0) days;Grade 2 Clavien-Dindo classiifcation (CDC) of surgical complications that required medical intervention were found in 19 cases, CDC grade 3 or above were found in 8 cases;Mild to moderate postoperative ileus happened in 5 cases, all recovered in median 2 (1-4) weeks with supportive treatments;There were no perioperative deaths. All samples were sent to pathological analyses. After a median follow-up of 9 (3-15) months, no complications of or above CDC grade 3 happened, and there were no recurrence. Conclusion:Complete retrograde radical cystectomy in male bladder cancer provided clear anatomical approach, reliable neurovascular bundle preservation, less blood loss, limited abdominal organs disturbance and better surgical exposure; With respect to tumor control, more peritoneal was retained for subsequent abdominal cavity reconstruction. The introduced procedure effectively speeded up gastrointestinal recovery, reduced postoperative complications, especially the incidence of ileus and its severity, and shortened hospital stay. The learning curve of this procedure for urologists was short, and further investigation was warranted.
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Background and purpose:Papillary renal cell carcinomas (PRCC) is relatively infrequent, and there are few related researches in China. This study aimed to summarize the clinical and pathological features of PRCC, and evaluate prognostic factors for patients treated with surgery.Methods:A total of 64 patients who under-went surgery for PRCC were retrospectively assessed. PRCC tissue slides from each patient were reviewed for type (ⅠorⅡ), grade, TNM stage, coagulative tumor necrosis and microvascular invasion. We estimated overall survival using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate analysis was done according to the Cox proportional hazards model of factors statistically signiifcant on univariate analysis. Results:The incidence rate of ENE was 6.04%in RCC, the median age was 55 (range 22 to 78) years. The comparison of the 22 (534.4%) typeⅠPRCCs and 42 (65.6%) typeⅡPRCCs revealed that typeⅡtumors were associated with a greater stage and grade more often. The median follow-up was 46 months (range 19 to 133). Of the 64 patients, 14 died, (4.5%) with typeⅠand 13 (31.0%) with typeⅡtumors (P=0.018). The overall survival rate was 85.7%in typeⅠtumors and 55.8%in typeⅡtumors, respectively. Univariate analysis identiifed symptoms at presentation, tumor type, TNM stage and grade as prognostic factors. On multivariate analysis only metastatic RCC remained associated with decreased overall survival (HR:14.78, P=0.004). Conclusion:The per-centage of PRCC is lower and typeⅡPRCC is relatively common compared with foreign data. Metastasis at diagnosis is an independent predictive parameter of overall survival in Chinese patients with PRCC.
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Objective To validate the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center(MSKCC)score model and evaluate the clinical efficacy of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)-targeted agents in the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma(RCC)in China.Methods Three hundred and forty-five patients with advanced RCC and average age of 57(17-90)years were treated with VEGF-targeted agents.There were 306 cases of clear cell RCC,20 cases of papillary RCC,4 cases of chromophobe RCC,5 cases of renal collecting duct carcinoma,3 cases of medullary carcinoma and 7 cases of unclassified RCC.The main metastatic lesions were located at lung,bone and lymph nodes.Of them,205 cases were given the treatment of sorafenib 400 mg bid without off treatment,while 140 cases received sunitinib treatment in repeated six week cycles consisting of four weeks of sunitinib 50 mg daily followed by two weeks off treatment.Overall survival(OS)was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method.Log-rank test and Harrell concordance index analysis were used to validate the MSKCC score model.Results The median follow-up period were 23(1-68)months in the whole group.The OS was 33 months,and survival rates at 1,2,3 year were 77.6％,59.3％,46.6％,respectively.According to the MSKCC score model,the patients were segregated into three risk categories: the favorable-risk group(no prognostic factors;n =169;49.0％),in which median OS(mOS)was 46 months and 2 year OS was 75.8％;the imtermediate-risk group(one or two prognostic factors;n =150;43.5％),in which mOS was 24 months and 2 year OS was 47.7％;and the poorrisk group(three to five prognostic factors;n =26;7.5％),in which mOS was 8 months and 2 year OS was 10.1％(log-rank P ＜ 0.01).The concordance index was 0.687.Conclusions VEGF-targeted agents are effective in Chinese advanced RCC patients.The MSKCC score model can be incorporated into judging individualizing tumor prognosis and communicating about the treatment options with patients who are using VEGF-targeted agents.
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Background and purpose: Platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is an important factor reflected systematic inflammation. The clinical value of PLR has not been confirmed. The present study was to explore the value of preoperative PLR in predicting clinical stage and prognosis in upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Methods:Patients who underwent surgical therapy with postoperative pathology upper tract urothelial carcinoma without metastasis from Jan. 2007 to Mar. 2012, were collected. Following up was done by telephone and clinic work, 150 vs 1 was taken as the threshold value of PLR, and the association of PLR with tumor stage, whether suffered bladder cancer as comorbidity, recurrent or metastasis, overall survival, tumor lesion, preoperative hematuria, gender and age was analyzed. We further analyzed the association difference of disease free survival (DFS) time and overall survival (OS) time between different PLR groups. Results:Fifty-one cases of UTUC were collected, and the postoperative mean following up time is 21 (9–51) months. Twenty cases recurred or metastasis and 9 cases died. The mean DFS time was 15 (2–51) months,and the mean OS time was 21 (9–51) months. One-factor analysis of variance showed that preoperative PLR was associated with tumor stage, overall survival rate, hematuria and gender, and the P value were 0.028, 0.008, 0.045, 0.036 respectively. High PLR group was intended to be non-organ confined disease, the sensitivity was 57%and the specificity was 74%. Survival analysis by Kaplan-Meier method showed there is no statistical difference in DFS between high and low PLR groups (P=0.155). But OS time in high PLR group was significantly less than that in low PLR group (P=0.006). Cox regression confirmed that only tumor stage is an independent prognostic factor of OS (P=0.029). Conclusion:PLR has potential clinical value in predicting advanced stage disease and Cox regression confirmed that only tumor stage is an independent prognostic factor of OS.
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Objective To analyze prognosic factors for patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) after chemotherapy of docetaxel/mitoxantrone plus prednisone and to explore the relationship between prostate specific antigen (PSA) parameters and prognosis. Methods Data from 68 patients with CRPC after chemotherapy were collected and analyzed retrospectively.The median age of these patients were 65 years old with 28 cases of biopsy Gleason score ＜ 8 and 35 cases of ≥ 8.The median serum PSA at diagnosis,nadir and pre-chemotherapy baseline were 142 ng/ml,0.5 ng/ml and 33.0 ng/ml,respectively.There were 38 patients in docetaxel group and 30 in mitoxantrone group.PSA doubling time ( PSADT),progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was calculated.Chi square test was used in analysis of chemotherapy effect and Cox proportional hazards regression model was applied to identify the predictors for PFS and OS.The median value of continuous variable as cutoff point was used to divide patients into two groups to compare.Risk ratio and 95％ confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Results 38 (55.9％)patients experienced effective chemotherapy. The effective rate were 33％ and 74％ for PSADT ＜ 1.6 months and ≥ 1.6 months group,85％ and 49％ for M0 and M1 stage group,and 69％ and 40％ for docetaxel and mitoxantrone group,(P ＜ 0.05).The median PFS was (3.5 ± 0.5) months for all patients,which were (2.7 ±0.4) months and (5.9 ±0.6) months for patients with PSADT ＜ 1.6 months and ≥ 1.6 months group,(5.0 ± 0.6) months and (2.7 ± 0.5 ) months for patients with docetaxel and mitoxantrone group,and (5.7 ± 0.8) months and ( 3.4 ± 0.6) months for patients with Gleason score ＜ 8 and ≥ 8 group (P ＜0.05).26 case died in the end and the median OS was (28.3 ± 2.6) months for these patients,which were (15.7 ± 3.4) months and (31.6 ± 1.2) months for patients with PSADT ＜ 1.6 months and ≥1.6 months group,(29 ± 4.1 ) months and (28 ± 3.2) months for patients with docetaxel and mitoxantrone group,and (28.7 ± 2.6) months and (24.3 ± 5.6) months for patients with Gleason score ＜ 8 and ≥ 8 group (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions The effective rate of chemotherapy was related with PSADT,chemotherapy strategy and M stage.PSADT,chemotherapy strategy and Gleason score may be independent predictors for patients with HRPC taking chemotherapy.Patients with PSADT ≥ 1.6 months,docetaxel chemotherapy and Gleason score ＜ 8 will have longer PFS and OS.
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Objective To investigate the efficacy of Sunitinib in treating metastatic non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC).Methods Twenty-two metastatic non-clear cell subtype renal cell carcinoma patients with a median age of 46 years (29 -76 years) were treated with Sunitinib.Fourteen cases were found have metastasis post radical nephrectomy,and the remaining eight cases with metastasis received cytoreductive surgery.Pathological diagnosis showed 12 papillary RCCs,one chromophobe RCC,three collecting duct RCCs,and six unclassified RCCs.The metastatic lesions were located in the lung,lymph nodes,adrenal gland,bone,liver,and thyroid gland.The patients were given the treatment of sunitinib 50 mg qd four weeks on and two weeks off.The median time of treatment was 11 months (4.5 - 24 months).Results The objective control rate was 73％.Three papillary RCC and one chromophobe RCC reached partial remission (PR) and 12 cases maintained stable disease (SD) for more than 12 weeks.And the remaining six cases progressed (PD).Conclusions Sunitinib has definitive efficacy in metastatic papillary RCC,chromophobe RCC,collecting duct RCC and unclassified RCC.Metastatic lesions in lungs and lymph nodes might be more sensitive to Sunitinib.
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Objective To investigate the genetic mutation of the norA gene and its promotor from the wild-type drug-resistance Staphylococeus aureus(S.aureus)strains. Methods A total of 10 antibiotic-resistant S.aureus strains were isolated and screened from the burn wound for the sequencing and analysis of the nora gene and its promoter. Results There isolated 87 S.aureus strains from the burn wound flora,which were completely sensitive to vacomycin,highly sensitive to Quinupristin and Nitrofurantoin,but highly resistant to the other antibiotics,even up to91.7% of MRSA.There found the same point mutation(G→A) located at 1 349 sites of the norA gene coding region in all the S.aureus strains,saying that the amino acid was changed from Gly(glycin)to Asp(agpartic acid) in 291 sites.The resetpine reverse test showed that the MICs value of three antibiotics was lowered at various degrees in all 10strains.Conclusion NorA gene mutation is one of the mechanisms for antibiotic-resistance of S.aureus.
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Objective To discuss the application of pelvic lymph node dissection during radical prostatectomy.Methods The data of 239 patients with prostate cancer which had been done radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection were retrospectively reviewed,with the patients'median age of 68 (48-79) years.148 patients(61.9%) had either a Gleason score of>7 or a PSA of>20 ng/ml.All patients were diagnosed as clinical localized prostate cancer preoperatively.The extent of pelvic lymph node dissection included bilateral obturator fossa and region of the external iliac artery.Patients with positive lymph nodes were advised to receive maximal androgen blockade therapy and were followed up until biochemical recurrence.Results It took an average operation time of 20(15-35)min with the average blood loss of 20(5-45) ml for bilateral lymphadenectomy. There was no injury of big vessels and nerves. The total number of lymph node dissected was 1-23 with a median of 7.The median postoperative hospital stay was 16 days.The time of drainage was 4-36 days with a median of 7 days.74.5%(178 cases)of patients had drainage less than 8 days and 9.4%(20 cases)patients were more than 14 days. Positive nodes were found in 29 cases with the positive rate of 12.1%. The median number of positive lymph nodes was 1.Early postoperative complications related to pelvic lymphadenectomy included deep venous thrombosis,lymphocele,lymph leakage,pelvic infection. Patients with positive lymph nodes had a median progression free time of 10 months.Conclusions Pelvic lymph node dissection could detect lymph node metastasis which might be difficult to find through other means. It could facilitate the accurate staging of prostate cancer and bring potential benefits to patients. It does not significantly prolong the operation time and the incidence of complications should decrease gradually with the improvement of the surgeons'experience and surgical techniques.
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Objective To analyze the predictive factors of anti-androgen withdrawal in the treatment of androgen independent prostate cancer. Methods 347 cases of advanced metastatic prostate cancer in our prostate cancer database were filtered. All the cases were treated with maximal androgen blockade and had full pathological and clinical information. 237 cases developed to the androgen independent stage during the maximal androgen blockade treatment. Among them, 90 cases were treated with anti-androgen withdrawal. This 90 cases were followed up and the last follow-up date was 30 September 2009. The Logistic regression of univariate and multivariate analysis were used to find the predictive factors for the effectiveness of anti-androgen withdrawal, which including baseline PSA, Gleason score, clinical stage, way of castration, kind of anti-androgen, PSA nadir during maximal androgen blockade, time to PSA nadir, PSAV at the time of AIPC, PSADT at the time of AIPC, the effective duration of maximal androgen blockade, age at the time of AIPC and PSA at the initiation of anti-androgen withdrawal. Results Of the 90 cases treated with anti-androgen withdrawal, 3 cases were excluded for analysis because of the incomplete information. Among the 87 cases, 17 cases were effective with the anti-androgen withdrawal treatment while the other 70 cases were ineffective. At the last follow-up, 3 cases were still effective. The median effective duration of anti-androgen withdrawal was 4 months. The univariate analysis indicated that PSAV at the time of AIPC (P=0.033), PSADT at the time of AIPC (P=0.009) and PSA at the initiation of anti-androgen withdrawal (P=0.002)were predictive factors. The multivariate analysis indicated that PSAV (P=0.042) and PSADT at the time of AIPC (P= 0.036) were independent predictive factors for the effectiveness of anti-androgen withdrawal. Conclusions Among the androgen independent advanced metastatic prostate cancer patient, there were about 19. 5% cases effective with the anti-androgen withdrawal treatment and the median effective duration was 4 months. PSAV and PSADT at the time of AIPC were independent predictive factors for the effectiveness of anti-androgen withdrawal.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of sorafenib in treating metastatic renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid feature.Methods Fourteen patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and previous nephrectomy were treated with sorafenib single agent.The average age was 61 years(45-77years).All patients were pathologically confirmed with sarcomatoid features in the primary tumors and the percentage of sarcomatoid element was recorded from 20% to 100%.Eight cases were diagnosed as clear cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid feature,2 cases papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with sarcomatoid feature,and 4 cases with pure sarcomatoid RCC.The metastatic lesions were located at lung,lymph node,adrenal gland,bone,and liver.The median time of treatment was 8 months (3-19 months).Results Two cases who just had lymph node metastasis reached partial remission.Their percentages of sarcomatoid lesion were 100% and 20%.Seven cases maintained stable disease for more than 12 weeks and the last 5 cases progressed.To Jul 2009,9 patients progressed and the median progression free survival was 6 months(0-19 months).No significant correlation was seen between both objective response rate and progression free survival and the percentage of sarcomatoid element.Conclusions Although sorafenib has some effect in advanced renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid feature,the prognosis of these patients is relatively poor.The percentage of sarcomatoid element does not seem to correlate with the treatment efficacy.