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Although primary vesical calculi is an ancient disease, the mechanism of calculi formation remains unclear. In this study, we established a novel primary vesical calculi model with d,l-choline tartrate in mice. Compared with commonly used melamine and ethylene glycol models, our model was the only approach that induced vesical calculi without causing kidney injury. Previous studies suggest that proteins in the daily diet are the main contributors to the prevention of vesical calculi, yet the effect of fat is overlooked. To assay the relationship of dietary fat with the formation of primary vesical calculi, d,l-choline tartrate-treated mice were fed a high-fat, low-fat, or normal-fat diet. Genetic changes in the mouse bladder were detected with transcriptome analysis. A high-fat diet remarkably reduced the morbidity of primary vesical calculi. Higher fatty acid levels in serum and urine were observed in the high-fat diet group, and more intact epithelia in bladder were observed in the same group compared with the normal- and low-fat diet groups, suggesting the protective effect of fatty acids on bladder epithelia to maintain its normal histological structure. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the macrophage differentiation-related gene C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 14 (Cxcl14) was upregulated in the bladders of high-fat diet-fed mice compared with those of normal- or low-fat diet-fed mice, which was consistent with histological observations. The expression of CXCL14 significantly increased in the bladder in the high-fat diet group. CXCL14 enhanced the recruitment of macrophages to the crystal nucleus and induced the transformation of M2 macrophages, which led to phagocytosis of budding crystals and prevented accumulation of calculi. In human bladder epithelia (HCV-29) cells, high fatty acid supplementation significantly increased the expression of CXCL14. Dietary fat is essential for the maintenance of physiological functions of the bladder and for the prevention of primary vesical calculi, which provides new ideas for the reduction of morbidity of primary vesical calculi.
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Objective To evaluate the application effect of nursing management in the follow-up of patients with recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP).Methods During January 2016 and January 2017,the clinical data of RAP patients admitted in Changhai Hospital of Navy Medical University was collected.Selfcontrol method was used to establish a prospective cohort study.Meticulous nursing management mode was applied to follow up the patients for 12 months.Patients' compliance,symptom improvement,patients' satisfaction and other markers are evaluated using questionnaires to assess the effect of meticulous nursing management once every 3 months.The data over 12 months were collected.Results Sixty-four RAP patients were finally included.The average follow-up period was 19.7 ±3.4 months.Before admission,the average disease course was(4.21 ± 3.95) years.30 patients (46.9％)had a history of drinking;33 patients (51.6％)had a history of smoking.25 patients (39.1％) had abnormal blood lipid and 40 patients (62.5％) had the dietary habit of high lipid and high protein.The etiology included alcohol (n =10,15.6％),high lipid (n =7,10.9％),biliary diseases (n =1,1.6％),idiopathic causes (n =46,71.9％) and abnormal BMI (n =49,76.6％).After the meticulous nursing management,the frequency of pancreatitis,VAS score of pain and alcohol intake situation was obviously lower than before intervention [(0.50 ±0.85) times/year vs(2.77 ±2.52)times/year;(1.84 ±2.54)vs(6.47 ±2.15);2 cases vs 30 cases].The number of patients who took medicine on time and BMI were obviously decreased[(52 cases vs 13 cases;(23.26 ± 3.85) kg/m2 vs (21.92 ± 4.27)kg/m2)],and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜0.01).Patients' satisfaction with this nursing model was 4.90 ± 0.56.Conclusions The implementation of the new meticulous nursing management model can effectively alleviate patient's symptom condition and improve the compliance behavior and life quality of the patients.
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Aim ToobservetheeffectofSanHuang Decoction (SHD )on glucose and lipid metabolism in insulin resistance(IR)3T3-L1 adipocytes.Methods TheIRmodelof3T3-L1adipocyteswasinducedby high glucose and hyperinsulinism cultivation(also con-taining dexamethasone ).The adipocytes were treated with rosiglitazone(Ros)and different concentrations of SHD(2. 5,5,10,20,40 g·L-1 )for 24 h.The content of glucose disappeared from the culture medium was determined as glucose consumption of the cells. The transport of glucose was observed by 2-deoxidation-[3 H]-glucose uptake method.The efflux of nonesteri-fied fatty acids(NEFA)from adipocytes was observed by the concentration of NEFA in the culture medium. The mRNA expression of glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4)was measured by real-time polymerase chain reac-tion (real-time PCR).The protein expression of GLUT-4wasdetectedbyWesternblot.Results Compared with the Con group,SHD(5,10,20,40 g·L-1 ) could significantly induce the glucose consumption and transportion(P0.05).Conclusion SHDcanin-crease insulin sensitivity by increasing glucose trans-portation and consumption in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes as well as decreasing the NEFA efflux from the cells.
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the new management model of the hospital pharmacy established by application of vender managed inventory (VMI) model. METHODS:Concerned about the implementation of VMI model,its effects and prob-lems,new management model of hospital pharmacy were described after the hospital cooperated with two suppliers. The hospital is mainly in charge of the management and application of pharmaceutical staff and equipment,drug capital flow,and the selection and optimization of drug use list;focus on the training of pharmaceutical talents;improve drug quality management,pharmaceuti-cal administration,pharmaceutical care and rational drug use. Two suppliers are mainly in charge of drug logistics,and the alloca-tion of servicer,software and hardware(as automatic medicine dispensing machine);share logistic cost of supply chain. Drug in-formation flow was established by both hospital and supplier. RESULTS:After cooperation,pharmaceutical staff,related equip-ment and inventory cost(floating capital decreased by 10 million yuan each month)were decreased,and the efficiency of distribu-tion improved;the error rate of drug dispensing in outpatient pharmacy were decreased (decreasing from 0.39‰ to 0.12‰) after the establishment of automatic pharmacy. The establishment of early warning system for abnormal patients flowrate in pharmacy window shortened the time of getting medicine,and improved service level and satisfactory degree of patients (increasing from 84.91% to 93.62%). CONCLUSIONS:New management model of hospital pharmacy based on VMI model provides reference for public hospital reform and hospital-enterprise cooperation under New Medical Reform.
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Objective The aim of this study was to establish a mouse model of chronic Parkinson ' s disease in-duced by systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide plus 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP), and to study the changes of behavioral manifestation , numbers of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta . Methods Twenty C57BL mice were randomly divided into 2 groups:the saline control group and model group .The mice in the model group received three intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of LPS (0.25 mg/kg), once daily for three consecutive days.Four hours following the final LPS injection , the mice received one subcutaneous injection of low-dose MPTP (25 mg/kg).The mice of control group were injected with the same volume of saline .Eight weeks later, the motor ability of the mice was evaluated by footprint test and rotarod test .The tyrosine hydroxylase ( TH)-positive cells were observed by immu-nohistochemical analysis .Results Compared with the control group , the scores of behavioral test were significantly lower , numbers of TH immunoreactive cells were significantly less in the Parkinson ' s model group ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusions Behavioral manifestation ,number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra are significantly changed in the mouse models of Parkinson ' s disease produced by repeated injection of LPS plus MPTP , suggesting that this chronic animal model can be used in the experimental study for pathogenesis and therapy of Parkinson ' s disease .
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Abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays an important role in several pathological processes of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, the effects of XCT790, a potent and selective inverse agonist of estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRalpha), on rat VSMCs proliferation and related signal pathways were investigated. The proliferative activity of VSMCs was determined by CCK-8 assay. The mRNA levels of ERRalpha, PGC-1alpha, OPN and MCAD were assayed by RT-PCR. The protein levels of ERRalpha, ERK2 and p-ERK1/2 were evaluated by Western blotting. ELISA was used to assess the protein expression of VEGF. The results showed that XCT790 (5-20 micromol x L(-1)) inhibited rat VSMCs proliferation, and the expression of ERRalpha and its target genes, as well as p-ERK1/2, were also inhibited. XCT790 inhibited VSMCs proliferation in a dose-dependent manner at the dose range from 5 to 20 micromol x L(-1) and in a time-dependent manner at the dose range from 10 to 20 micromol x L(-1). These findings demonstrate that XCT790 inhibits rat VSMCs proliferation by down-regulating the gene level of ERRalpha and thus inhibiting the ERK signal pathway, suggesting that ERRalpha may be a novel potential target for therapeutic approaches to inhibit VSMCs proliferation, which plays an important role in several cardiovascular diseases.
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0.05)except that the tmax of the testing preparation was faster than that of the control drug.The relative bioavailability of the testing drug was(93.83?15.21)%.CONCLUSION:The AUC0～24,AUC0～∞and Cmax of 2 preparations are similar,but there is a significant difference in tmax.
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Cytochrome P450 is the very most important enzyme of drug metabolism.It involves in biotransformation of various endogenous and exogenous compounds,especially for clinical drugs.There are many polymorphisms of gene and phenotype,resulting in significant individual variability of different kinds of compounds.This article reviews the genetic polymorphisms of CYP,the characters and clinical meanings of diverse subgroups that relevant to drug metabolism in recent years.The major object of this article is reasonably explaining and predicting the interaction of clinical drugs and the drug adverse reaction in order to providing scientific evidences for the individual administration in clinic.