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Objective@#To explore the impact of maternal anxiety during pregnancy on social emotional development of toddlers aged 1-3 year old, so as to provide references for scientific early parenting and early intervention for toddlers with social emotional difficulties.@*Methods@#From September 2022 to March 2023, a total of 815 toddlers aged 1-3 who underwent physical examinations and their mothers at Nantong Maternal and Child Health Hospital were enrolled. The Chinese Infant Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (CITSEA) was used to evaluate the social emotional ability among toddlers. Maternal anxiety evaluated using the Self rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) during prenatal visit was collected.@*Results@#The average scores on the externalizing, internalizing, dysregulation and competence domains of the CITSEA were (49.40±9.48,47.42±9.60,48.67± 10.15 , 50.07± 10.20), respectively. Among boys, the score of externalizing domain (50.89±9.45) was higher than that of girls (48.76± 9.50 ), while the score of competence domain (49.22±10.30) was lower than that of girls (51.17±9.84), and the differences were statistically significant( t =2.10, -3.03, P <0.05). The detection rates of abnormalities in the externalizing, internalizing, dysregulation, and competence domains were 7.36%, 7.12%, 7.61%, and 7.24%, respectively. Among them, boys (8.43%,6.32%, 7.96 %,7.49%) and girls (6.19%, 7.99 %,7.22%,6.96%) showed no statistical differences ( χ 2=1.50, 0.85, 0.16, 0.09, P >0.05). There were significant differences in externalizing domain scores（47.77±9.52，49.56±8.95，52.51±9.77） and competence domain scores（51.70±10.38，49.65±10.05，46.68±10.03） among toddlers of different maternal anxiety（normal, mild, moderate to severe） （ F =7.05,7.10, P <0.01）. There were significant differences in the abnormal detection rate of externalizing domain （4.81%，7.54%，11.17%） and competence domain（4.81%，6.96%，11.73%）（ χ 2=6.60，7.98， P ＜0.05）.@*Conclusion@#Maternal anxiety during pregnancy has a negative impact on the social emotional development among toddlers. In order to improve social emotional development of toddlers, multidimensional social support and education during pregnancy should be carried out.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect potential mutations of the spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (SACS) gene in a pedigree affected with autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples of the proband and her family members. All exons and flanking sequences of the SACS gene were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. Suspected mutations were verified with Sanger sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Next generation sequencing revealed novel compound heterozygous mutations of the SACS gene, namely c.13085T to G (p.I4362R) and c.5236dupA (p.T1746fs), in the proband, which were respectively derived from her parents. The mutations were confirmed by Sanger sequencing.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The c.5236dupA (p.T1746fs) and c.13085T to G (p.I4362R) mutations of the SACS gene probably underlie the ocular symptoms and hearing loss in the proband.</p>
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Exosomes, as a kind of extracellular vesicles generated by inward budding of the endosomes to form multi-vesicular bodies (MVBs), are secreted into the extracellular milieu and the systemic circulation thereafter. By endocytosis, direct fusion or receptor-ligand interactions, exosomes can interact with receptor cells and involve in various pathophysiological processes. Accumulating evidence have indicated that exosomes may play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), Alzheimer disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this paper, the roles of exosomes in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of PD and ALS are reviewed.
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate clinical efficacy and adverse reactions(ADRs)of 4 kinds of the second-generation anti-psychotic drugs in the treatment of acute phase of schizophrenia. METHODS:159 patients with schizophrenia were randomly divid-ed into risperidone group(40 cases),olanzapine group(40 cases),aripiprazole group(39 cases)and ziprasidone group(40 cas-es). All groups were given routine dosage of relevant medicine by routine usage for 6 weeks. Mental status of patients were mea-sured by PANSS before treatment and after 2,4 and 6 weeks of treatment. At the same time,blood glucose,blood lipid,prolac-tion and other metabolic and biological indicators were all detected. RSESE,BARS and UKU were adopted to evaluate ADR. RE-SULTS:A total of 100 patients completed the study. Compared with aripiprazole group and ziprasidone group,risperidone and olan-zapine inhibited symptom more rapidly,with statistical significance (P<0.05). After treatment,body mass index and abdominal circumference of olanzapine group were significantly higher than those of other 3 groups,with statistical significance (P<0.05). Low density lipoprotein of olanzapine group was increased significantly,there was statistical significance compared to ziprasidone group and aripiprazole group(P<0.05). Prolactin level of risperidone group was significantly higher than those of other 3 groups, while that of aripiprazole group was significantly lower than those of other 3 groups,with statistical significance(P<0.05). ADRs of 4 drugs were mild or moderate,most of whom could be alleviated by symptomatic treatment. CONCLUSIONS:In the treatment of acute phase schizophrenia,4 drugs of the second-generation have similar curative effect in symptoms control,among which ris-peridone and olanzapine inhibit positive symptom more rapidly while more ADRs that related to lipid and glucose metabolism and prolactin also show. Aripiprazole and ziprasidone induce less ADRs relatively,and patients show better tolerability. Physicians should consider all kinds of factors in drugs selection,and make individualized treatment plan.
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@#Objective To survey the situation and related factors of maintenance medication treatment in schizophrenic patients re-hospitalized for relapse. Methods 362 patients re-admitted with schizophrenia and their relatives were interviewed with questionnaire which included 16 factors that might affect maintenance medication treatment. Results 63.8% patients stopped medication and 21.1% patients were on low-dose maintenance medication treatment by themselves, while 7.7% patients were on reasonable dose anti-psychotics in 2 years. The time of maintenance medication treatment related with insight (OR=2.2144, P=0.001), family care (OR=4.8842, P=0.025), outcomes of treatment (OR=2.2056, P=0.007) and negative life events (OR=0.4529, P=0.003). Conclusion Schizophrenic patients re-admitted with relapse often withdraw or reduce their medication by themselves, which risked with poor insight, poor therapeutic effect, poor care from their family, and more negative life events
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Objective To evaluate the effect of small dose ketamine on the efficacy of intravenous PCA (POA) with sufentanil after intra-abdominal surgery in aged patients.Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ orⅡpatienm aged 65-82 yr undergoing elective intra-abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were randomized into 3 groups (n=20 each)according to the composition of PCIA solution:group I sufentanil 200 μg in 200 ml of noilnal saline (group S);group μ sufentanil 200μh+ketmine 100 mg in NS 200 ml(group K1)and group Ⅲ sufentannil 200 μg+ketmine 200 mg in NS 200 ml(group K2).A loading dose of 5 ml wag given at the end of operation.The PCIA setting was as follows:backgound infusion 1 ml/h,bolus dose 2 ml,lockout interval 5 min and 4-hour maximum dose 30 m1.If VAS score(0=no pain,10=womt pain)was≥7,pethidine 25 mg was given iv.The total amount of pethidine given within 48 h after operation and postoperative complications including nausea and vomiting and respiratory depression were recorded.Results Small dose ketamine added to the PCIA solution can significantly reduce the amount of pethidine administered after operation in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion Small dose ketamine can improve the efficacy of PCIA with sufentanil after intra-abdominal surgery in aged patients with no significant adverse effect.