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Glaucoma is the first irreversible blinding eye disease in the world, and vision loss due to glaucoma is related to the obstruction of the aqueous humor drainage channel, which leads to increased intraocular pressure and damage to the optic nerve.The relationship between the ocular lymphatic system and the aqueous humor drainage pathway is of important significance.Exploration of the generation and development of ocular lymphatic vessels and identification of the markers of ocular lymphatic vessels (LVs) are important for researching whether lymphatic pathways are involved in the aqueous humor outflow in glaucoma.Relationship between aqueous humor drainage system and ocular lymphatic drainage pathway can be elucidated from following aspects: (1)podoplanin is highly expressed in trabecular meshwork endothelial cells, while no expression of platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule (CD31) is found, suggesting that there is a close relationship between trabecular meshwork and LVs; (2)there are similarities in morphology, molecules and function between Schlemm canal and LVs, and Schlemm canal not only has some characteristics of LVs and blood vessels, but also some undiscovered characteristics of blood vessels and lymphatic endothelial cells; (3)the bulbar conjunctiva is rich in LVs, suggesting that the bulbar conjunctiva has active tissue drainage and immunoregulatory functions; (4)the sclera is mainly composed of collagen fibers and lacks real LVs, but many lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronic acid receptor 1 (LYVE-1)-positive macrophages around the scleral vessels are regulated by tissue-specific factors; (5)multiple lymphatic markers can be detected in ciliary body, and suspected LVs can be observed by electron microscopy; (6)various lymphatic markers can be expressed in a single choroidal cell, with LYVE-1 expressed highest.Research progress in the lymphatic system of LVs, lymphatic markers, and aqueous humor outflow was reviewed in this article.
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Objective To explore the perioperative nursing points of 6 patients with true hermaphroditism. Method Six patients with true hermaphroditism from September 2009 to February 2014 were treated with surgeries , with perioperative nursing performed. Result All the operations were successful without serious complications and the wounds were on primary healing. Conclusions Perioperative nursing interventions over the patients with true hermaphroditism can alleviate role conflicts and help them overcome the psychological obstacles. Postoperative nursing including careful care to the perineum incisions and artificial vaginas, and health instruction can ensures postoperative rehabilitation.
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Objective:To survey the relation of different vertical skeletal facial type and the third molar agenesis.Methods:The vertical face type of 207 subjects was divided into high angle(n=45),average angle(n=99)and low angle(n=63)groups by the assessments of MP-SN angle.The assessment of the third molar was made from panoramic radiographs,then the third molar agenesis rate of different vertical skeletal facial types was analysed.Chi-square criterion examination was conducted with SPSS 17.0 software. Results:In the high angle group,whether in the maxillary or mandibular,unilateral or bilateral,the absent percentage of third molar was higher than that in low angle group(P<0.05).In the females the bilateral maxillary third molar absent percentage was higher than in the males(P<0.05).The absent percentage of maxillary third molar was higher than that of the mandibular third molar(P<0.05).Conclusion:The third molar absence depends on vertical skeletal facial type.The absent percentage of third molar in the in-dividuals with high angle type is higher than that in those with low angle type(P<0.05).
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Transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors specifically bind to double stranded (ds) DNA through a central domain of tandem repeats. Each TAL effector (TALE) repeat comprises 33-35 amino acids and recognizes one specific DNA base through a highly variable residue at a fixed position in the repeat. Structural studies have revealed the molecular basis of DNA recognition by TALE repeats. Examination of the overall structure reveals that the basic building block of TALE protein, namely a helical hairpin, is one-helix shifted from the previously defined TALE motif. Here we wish to suggest a structure-based re-demarcation of the TALE repeat which starts with the residues that bind to the DNA backbone phosphate and concludes with the base-recognition hyper-variable residue. This new numbering system is consistent with the α-solenoid superfamily to which TALE belongs, and reflects the structural integrity of TAL effectors. In addition, it confers integral number of TALE repeats that matches the number of bound DNA bases. We then present fifteen crystal structures of engineered dHax3 variants in complex with target DNA molecules, which elucidate the structural basis for the recognition of bases adenine (A) and guanine (G) by reported or uncharacterized TALE codes. Finally, we analyzed the sequence-structure correlation of the amino acid residues within a TALE repeat. The structural analyses reported here may advance the mechanistic understanding of TALE proteins and facilitate the design of TALEN with improved affinity and specificity.
Subject(s)
Adenine , Chemistry , Metabolism , Amino Acid Sequence , Binding Sites , DNA , Chemistry , Metabolism , DNA-Binding Proteins , Chemistry , Metabolism , Guanine , Chemistry , Metabolism , Molecular Dynamics Simulation , Molecular Sequence Data , Protein Binding , Protein Structure, Secondary , Protein Structure, TertiaryABSTRACT
Background Dynamic observation in morphology and histology of conjunctival filtering bleb in rats can contribute to form ideal filtering blebs by interferencing the process of scarring.Objective This study was designed to observe the survival time,morphological and histopathological changes of conjunctival filtering bleb after filtering surgery.Methods Filtering surgeries were performed on 60 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats by implanting drainage tubes into the anterior chamber.The shape of filtering blebs was examined by slit lamp microscope 1 day,3,5,7,14,28 days after surgery.The filtering was typed according to the criteria of Kronfeld.Areas of the filtering bleb were measured and compared at various time points after surgery.Conjunctival and subconjunctival tissues at filtering zone were obtained 1 day,3,5,7,14,28 days after surgery,respectively,and hematoxylin and eosin staining was used for the histopathological evaluation.Results Well-elevated filtering blebs formed on the first day after surgery in 60 rat eyes.The survival time of filtering bleb was 7-17 days with the mean time of (11.93±2.23) days.Survival rate of the filtering blebs was 100％ in 1-5 days,77％ in 7 days,20％ in 14 days and 0 in 28 days after operation.The filtering blebs were functional (Ⅰ type) in 1-5 days after operation,23 eyes were functional in 7 days after operation (13 eyes were Ⅰ type,10 eyes were Ⅱ type),4 eyes were functional in 14 days after operation (2 eyes were Ⅰ type,2 eyes wereⅡtype).The filtering area shrunken from (7.50±1.08) mm2 to (1.83±0.35) mm2during the observational duration.The filtering blebs area of different days after surgery were statistically significant (F =180.056,P=0.000),and significant differences were found between any two timepionts after surgery (all at P =0.000).Histological examination showed that inflammatory finding was dominant in postoperative day 1-3,such as infiltration of inflammatory cells,vasodilatation and edema of tissue.However,proliferating manifestation became the main signs 5 days later,showing the increase of fibroblasts,neovascularization and collagen formation.Conclusions The model of conjunctival filtering blebs in rats can be successfully established by implanting silicone tube into anterior chamber.The inflammatory response,proliferation of fibroblasts and the accumulation of collagen fibers are involved in the scarring process of filtering blebs.
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BACKGROUND:Single hematology analysis can only reflect the body injury at a certain time point after radiation damage, but cannot reflect the longer-term cumulative status after radiation damage. OBJECTIVE:To identify the biomarkers in blood and urine in mice after radiation damage with metabolomics method based on nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum. METHODS:Forty-eight mice were randomly divided into four groups and received 0 (sham radiation), 3, 9 and 27 Gy radiation. The blood samples were col ected at 24 hours and 5 days after radiation. Another 36 mice were col ected and divided into three groups and received 0 (sham radiation), 9 and 27 Gy radiation, then the urine samples were col ected at 2 days before radiation and 5 days after radiation for 24 hours. The blood and urine samples were analyzed with proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The content of aspartic aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in blood plasma maintained a stable level after 3-or 9-Gy X-ray radiation, but the level of alkaline phosphatase in blood plasma was increased significantly after 9-Gy radiation, which indicating that low-dose head radiation may cause increased radiation damage and repair. The level of total superoxide dismutase in blood plasma was significantly decreased at 5 days after radiation which indicating that head radiation in mice could cause systemic oxidative stress. Meanwhile, the N-hexamolglycine and-thymidine level in the urine samples was significantly increased after different doses X-ray radiation, which can be used as the radiation damage markers in urine samples after head radiation. The 3-hydroxy-2-methylbenzoic acid 3-O-sulfate level in urine samples was increased by 2.5 times after received 9-Gy radiation, which can be used as the specific markers of middle-and low-dose radiation damage;the level of taurine in the urine samples was increased by 20%after 27-Gy radiation, which can be used as the specific markers of high-dose radiation damage.
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Objective To study the effects of three therapies on shoulder pains after gynecological laparoscopies.Methods After the gynecological laparoscopies,180 patients were randomly assigned to hot compress group(n=57),oxygen therapy group (n=65)and routine care group as control group(n=58).All the patients in the three groups were given oxygen inhalation for three hours.Besides,those controls were given mental care,comfort support and massage,while those in the two experiment groups were managed with hot compress on the shoulder and oxygen inhalation via nasal tube at 2 L/min each for 2 hours at 8 am and 4 pm on the first day.The three groups were compared in terms of shoulder pains,at different time points on the first day(at 8 am,4 pm and 8 pm). Results After intervention,there were significant differences between the three groups in terms of shoulder pains(P<0?05).In both experiment groups,the scores on the shoulder pains after intervention were significantly lower than those before intervention(P<0?001). Conclusions Hot compress and oxygen treatment are both effective in relief of the shoulder pain after gynecological laparoscopy. Therefore,the therapy can be decided on economic conditions and postoperative rehabilitations.
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BACKGROUND: Titanium alloy implant has been widely used in the clinic. But there are few reports addressing on corrosion performance of medical titanium alloy dental implant, in particular in different physiological electrolytes. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the corrosion behaviors of medical titanium alloys in physiological saline, simulated saliva, and simulated body fluid. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized grouping, controlled observation was performed at the School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University and State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubdcation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences between November 2008 and March 2009. MATERIALS: Medical titanium alloys (Ti-6Al-4V) were cut into 10 mm×10 min×1 mm sheets and were randomly divided into 3 groups, with 10 sheets in each group. METHODS: Corrosion performance of titanium alloys in physiological saline, simulated saliva, and simulated body fluid was investigated using electrochemical measurements. Following electrochemical corrosion, surface morphologies and wettability of samples were also observed using scanning electron microscope and CA-A type contact angle tester. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Tafel curve, surface morphology, and contact angle of medical titanium alloys in three physiological electrolytes after 4 days of electrochemical corrosion. RESULTS: The corrosion of titanium alloys was most severe in simulated saliva, followed by simulated body fluid, and mildest in physiological saline. Scanning electron microscope results demonstrated that medical titanium alloy surface exhibited many holes after corrosion by physiological saline, showed rough surface with a slightly changed number of holes after corrosion by simulated body fluid, and presented with an increased number of holes, with aperture greatly increased in some holes after corrosion by simulated saliva. The contact angles of titanium alloys were all reduced after corrosion of three electrolytes. CONCLUSION: The corrosion of titanium alloy was most serious in simulated saliva. Thus, corresponding protection measures should be given in clinical application.
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Objective To explore the ideal postoperative nursing methods of repair the lacerateon of lacrimal canaliculus. Methods Using pigtail probe to repair the lacerateon of lacrimal canaliculus in 49 patients, observed the postoperative nursing points in different clinical phases. Results There were 2 patients had the anstomotic stoma split, 1 patient had the canaliculitis. There were 46 patients had successful extubation. Conclusion The Worst lacrimal probe is an satisfactory and reliable method to repair the lacerateon of lacrimal canaliculus. The detailed interpretation and the skillful nursing care are the guarantee for successful operation.