Renal replacement therapy in neonates with hyperammonemia associated with inherited metabolic disease / 国际儿科学杂志

Neonatal hyperammonemia has great damage to the central nervous system, which can lead to severe disability and even death.Early reduction of blood ammonia and shortening the duration of hyperammonemia coma can improve the poor prognosis of the central nervous system.Renal replacement therapy can reduce blood ammonia quickly and effectively which is an important treatment for neonatal hyperammonemia.Common kidney replacement therapies include peritoneal dialysis, intermittent hemodialysis, continuous renal replacement therapy and hybrid therapy.This review aims to elaborate the indications of renal replacement therapy, the advantages and disadvantages of various renal replacement therapy modes in the treatment of neonatal hyperammonemia and hybrid therapy.

Prognosis prediction of neonatal early-onset sepsis by constructing predictors based on logistic regression model / 中国医师杂志

Objective:A clinical prediction model was constructed based on the related factors affecting neonatal early-onset sepsis (EOS).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted. The patients with EOS amditted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Xi′an Jiaotong University from April 2015 to April 2020 were enrolled. The demographic data and the clinical indicators within 8 hours after admission were collected. The death 7 days after admission was taken as the end event. The differences of various indexes between the survival group and the death group were compared. After univariate analysis of the indexes that may have an impact on the prognosis, binary logistic regression analysis was performed; The predictive model was established for the factors that may affect the prognosis; the predictive value of the relevant models was analyzed by recevier operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the model was verified by independent clinical medical records.Results:A total of 139 children were enrolled, and 41 died within 7 days, with a fatality rate of 29.50%. Compared with the survival group, the dead group had higher white blood cells (WBC), serum procalcitonin (PCT), lactic acid (Lac), creatinine (Scr), D-dimer and Paediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) score {WBC(×10 9/L): 24.15[4.36, 29.36] vs 21.21[19.14, 28.36], PCT: (67.32±40.36)ng/L vs (37.76±25.11)ng/L, Lac: (8.69±6.17)mmol/L vs (2.34±1.11)mmol/L, Scr: (239.99±68.46)μmol/L vs (65.31±34.34)μmol/L, D-dimer(mg/L): 5.21[2.06, 21.49] vs 0.34[0.26, 0.45], PRISM Ⅲ: (19.52±6.25)s vs (10.63±2.05)s, all P<0.05}, and lower fibrinogen (Fib), platelet count (PLT) and hemoglobin concentration (Hb) [Fib: (1.48±1.19)g/L vs (2.44±0.83)g/L, PLT: (154±58)×10 9/L vs (189±29)×10 9/L, Hb: (169±49)g/L vs (182±52)g/L, all P<0.05]. The incidence of placental/umbilical cord lesions, amniotic fluid pollution, asphyxia, premature delivery, premature rupture of membranes, positive etiology and maternal infection in the death group were higher than those in the survival group, while the gestational age and weight were lower than those in the survival group (all P<0.05); Binary logistic regression analysis showed that Lac, PCT and premature rupture of membranes were independent risk factors for the prognosis of EOS [odds ratio ( OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI): Lac was 1.23(1.00-2.05), PCT was 1.05(1.03-1.85), premature rupture of membranes was 2.59(1.89-3.32), all P<0.05]; ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the prediction model was 0.967; the predicted sensitivity was 88.70%; and the specificity was 78.20% respectively. Conclusions:PCT, Lac and premature rupture of membranes are independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of EOS. The clinical prognosis prediction model constructed by combining PLT, gestational age and weight has good prediction efficiency.

Molecular mechanism of hyperoxalic acid-induced arterial endothelial cell injury / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective:To investigate the injury effect of hyperoxali acid on human arterial endothelial cells (HAECs) and its mechanism.Methods:HAECs were divided into intervention group and control group according to whether oxalic acid was used for intervention. The cells in the intervention group were stimulated with 30, 100, 200 and 300 μmol/L oxalic for different time. The effect of oxalic acid on the proliferation of HAECs was detected by MTT colorimetry. The change of cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. The content of intracellular calcium was detected by fluorescence detection technology. The protein and mRNA expressions of cell cycle and anion transporter-related proteins were detected by Western blotting and fluorescence quantitative PCR. Besides, JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway-related proteins were measured by Western blotting.Results:MTT colorimetry results showed that the intervention groups with high concentration of oxalic acid (100, 200, 300 μmol/L) could significantly inhibit the proliferation of HAECs, which was significantly different from the control group (all P<0.05). Fluorescence detection showed that the contents of intracellular calcium of HAECs in the intervention groups with high concentration of oxalic acid (100, 200, 300 μmol/L) were significantly higher than those in the control group after 48 hours ( P<0.05, P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively). Flow cytometry showed that the proportion of S phase of cells in the 200 μmol/L oxalic acid intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P<0.05). The results of Western blotting and PCR showed that the relative protein and mRNA expressions of anion transporter-related proteins slc26a1, slc26a5, slc26a11 in the intervention groups were higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Western blotting showed that the expression of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 in the intervention groups after 24 hours were significantly higher than those in control group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Hyperoxalic acid may enter HAECs through transporters slc26a1, slc26a5 and slc26a11 to inhibit cell proliferation and increase the intracellular calcium concentration. The mechanism may be through the activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Therefore, oxalic acid may be one of the uremic toxins leading to atherosclerosis.

Neonatal congenital tongue base cyst: clinical analysis of 35 cases / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of neonatal congenital tongue base cyst.Methods:This retrospective study involved 35 neonates with congenital tongue base cyst diagnosed in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Xi'an Children's Hospital from June 2013 to December 2019. General information, clinical manifestations, supplementary results, treatment and prognosis of these babies were described.Results:(1) The median age at the onset of the disease was 12.5 (0~28) d and the median age at admission was 15 (0~28) d for these babies. The main clinical manifestations were laryngeal stridor (28/35, 80.0%), inspiratory dyspnea and crying, especially when feeding (26/35, 74.3%) and choking and spitting with feeding (23/35, 65.7%). (2) Among the 35 cases, 15 (42.9%) required emergency endotracheal intubation due to significant dyspnea when were admitted to the NICU and five out of them were considered for having tongue base mass under laryngoscopy, while the other 10 cases underwent bedside electronic laryngoscopy after endotracheal intubation, in which space-occupying lesions were found. Tongue base cyst was considered in seven cases with laryngeal stridor complicated by protracted pneumonia using fiberoptic bronchoscopy. The other 13 cases were examined by electronic laryngoscope and considered as tongue base cyst. Thirty-five cases underwent cervical ultrasound and only five of them were considered as tongue base tumor. Thirty-two cases underwent cervical CT scan and only two of them were normal. Three cases were found to have tongue base cyst by cranial MRI. (3) Thirty-four cases were treated by radiofrequency ablation assisted with self-retaining microlaryngoscope and general anesthesia, while the other one firstly received puncture and drainage under direct laryngoscope due to the difficult intubation because of the huge tongue base cyst and then underwent surgery when stable. Only one case (2.9%) relapsed after surgical treatment during regular follow-up.Conclusions:Neonatal congenital tongue base cyst has an early onset and atypical clinical manifestations. Electronic laryngoscopy/fiberoptic bronchoscopy combined with neck CT or MRI examination should be performed promptly in patients with laryngeal stridor and inspiratory dyspnea to facilitate the accurate diagnosis and timely surgery is required for.

The effect of neonatal with very severely hyperbilirubinemia treated by plasma exchange / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective:To explore the effectiveness and safety of plasma exchange in the treatment of neonatal extremely severe hyperbilirubinemia.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the data of 18 cases, who were all newborns with extremely severe hyperbilirubinemia and treated with plasma exchange in the NICU at Xi ′an Children′s Hospital from April 2019 to December 2019.The changes of serum total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, albumin, white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, hematocrit, hemoglobin, serum sodium, serum potassium, serum calcium, blood glucose, blood coagulation and mean arterial pressure were compared before and after plasma exchange.Results:A total of 18 eligible children were included.The peak value of total bilirubin was (571.2±113.3) μmol/L before treatment, and the value after treatment was (235.8±66.7) μmol/L, whose difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The exchange rate of bilirubin was (58.5±8.4)%.There were no statistically significant differences in the changes of white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum sodium, serum potassium, serum chloride, serum calcium, serum glucose, and albumin before and after plasma exchange (all P>0.05). There were no allergic reactions, hypotension, plasma separator or pipeline coagulation and other adverse reactions during plasma exchange. Conclusion:Plasma exchange therapy can remove serum bilirubin quickly, effectively and safely, and may be a new treatment for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

A retrospective study on risk factors for prognosis of children with sepsis / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To explore the risk factors that may affect the prognosis of sepsis in children.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted. Septic children who aged 28 days to 18 years old admitted to the department of critical care medicine of Xi'an Children's Hospital from January 2018 to May 2019 were enrolled. The general demographic data and clinical indicators within 8 hours after admission were collected, and the 28-day mortality was the end point. The differences of the indexes between the survival and the dead children were compared, and the risk factors of prognosis by binary Logistic regression analysis were analyzed. The predictive value of related risk factors on the prognosis was verified by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:A total of 165 children with sepsis were selected, 75 died in 28-days with a 28-day mortality of 45.45%. Compared with the survival group, the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspertate aminotransferase (AST), serum creatinine (SCr), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), lactate (Lac) and procalcitonin (PCT) in the dead group significantly increased [ALT (U/L): 404.99±88.26 vs. 181.64±35.17, AST (U/L): 453.37±35.37 vs. 210.69±92.50, SCr (μmol/L): 156.46±105.65 vs. 54.32±25.46, CK-MB (U/L): 244.86±53.68 vs. 97.29±19.11, Lac (mmol/L): 5.55±1.66 vs. 2.49±1.29, PCT (ng/L): 35.55±15.87 vs. 18.66±4.91, all P < 0.01], while platelet count (PLT), serum ionized calcium concentration (iCa 2+) significantly decreased [PLT (×10 9/L): 81.49±29.53 vs. 165.43±97.81, iCa 2+ (mmol/L): 0.89±0.16 vs. 1.84±0.14, both P < 0.01]. There was no significant difference in gender, age, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), albumin (ALB) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) between the two groups. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that Lac, SCr and PCT were the risk factors for the prognosis of children with sepsis [odds ratio ( OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were 2.18 (1.22-3.09), 2.01 (1.00-2.07), 1.14 (1.07-1.21), respectively, all P < 0.01], while PLT and iCa 2+ were protective factors [ OR and 95% CI were 0.95 (0.93-0.98), 0.32 (0.12-0.42), respectively, both P < 0.01]. Further ROC curve analysis showed that Lac, PCT and SCr were all of predictive value for the prognosis of children with sepsis, and the area under ROC curve (AUC) was 0.881, 0.864, 0.711, respectively (all P < 0.01); the combined predicted AUC of Lac, SCr, PCT, PLT and iCa 2+ influencing factors was as high as 0.981, with the sensitivity of 97.6%, and the specificity of 98.7%. Conclusion:Lac, PCT and SCr are independent risk factors for the prognosis of children with sepsis.

Analysis of 11 cases of moderate or severe neonatal hemophilia / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective:To analyze the clinical features of moderate or severe neonatal hemophilia, and improve the understanding of this disease.Methods:Eleven cases of neonates with moderate or severe hemophilia admitted to our NICU from January 2012 to June 2019 were enrolled.The clinical features, laboratory data, treatments and prognosis of these 11 neonates were retrospectively analyzed.Results:All the neonates were male, and were diagnosed hemophilia A. Seven neonates presented with intracranial hemorrhage including one case complicated with cerebral hernia.Only two of these neonates with intracranial hemorrhage had neurological abnormalities.One case presented with right adrenal hematoma, and one case presented with retroperitoneal hematoma.Jaundice was observed in nine cases, and seven cases, jaundice appeared within two days after birth, whose earliest was 12 hours after birth, and the highest total bilirubin was 388 μmol/L.All cases had prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time.All neonates had decreased activity of coagulation factor Ⅷ including eight moderate and three severe neonatal hemophilia A. Four cases had genetic testing.Three cases infused with fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate and the rest treated with coagulation factorⅧ infusion.Ten cases improved after treatment, and one case abandoned treatment.Conclusion:Moderate or severe hemophilia is often complicated with intracranial hemorrhage or abdominal hemorrhage, often accompanied with hyperbilirubinemia.Imaging examination should be performed to exclude occult bleeding, and coagulation function and coagulation factor activity should be detected as soon as possible.Blood coagulation factors are infused according to the different expected factors of different bleeding sites.

Role of Oxalobacter formigenes in preventing calcium oxalate kidney stones / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To screen Oxalobacter formigenes (OxF) from fresh feces of healthy adults,and study its effect on the the prevention of calcium oxalate kidney stones.Methods OxF was screened and cultured from fresh feces of healthy adults.The rat model of calcium oxalate stone was established by esophageal gavage of 0.8％ of ethylene glycol.Rats were divided into a control group and four groups of rats with ethylene glycol-induced calcium oxalate kidney stones according to random number table.Three groups were treated with 106 CFU,107 CFU,108 CFU viable OxF every day,respectively,for 4 weeks.The blood and 24-hour urine samples were collected to detect the serum creatinine,urea nitrogen,serum and urine calcium,phosphorus,magnesium and urine oxalate every week.At the end of the 4th week,the rats were sacrificed and the kidney tissues were stained with HE and Yasue.The deposition and content of calcium oxalate crystals were observed under a light microscope.Results The bacteria strain isolated from fresh feces of healthy adults was 100％ as same as the known ATCC35274 bacteria strain,which means the strain screened is OxF.Among the 5 groups,there were no significant differences in body weight,Scr,BUN,serum calcium,blood magnesium,blood phosphorus,urinary magnesium and urinary phosphorus.The 24-hour urinary calcium excretion in the model group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).After intervention with OxF solution,the 24-hour urinary calcium excretion in the 108 CFU OxF group was significantly higher than that in the model group (P ＜ 0.05),while there was no significant difference between the other intervention groups and the model.The oxalic acid excretion of 106 CFU OxF group and 107 CFU OxF group was lower than that of the model,but the difference did not reach statistical significance (P＞ 0.05).The 24 h oxalic acid excretion in the 108 CFU OxF group was significantly lower than that of the model at the end of first week (P ＜ 0.05),and continued to decrease for the next 3 weeks.After 4 weeks of intervention,no crystal formation was observed in the control group under the deflection microscope,but a large amount of calcium oxalate crystals were formed in the renal cortex and renal medulla.The crystals were piled up and connected to each other.Yasue staining coincided with the calcium oxalate crystal in the same part of the kidneys.Compared with the model,there was no significant change in the score of calcium oxalate crystal in the kidneys of 106 CFU OxF group and 107 CFU OxF group,while the score of calcium oxalate crystal in the kidneys of 108 CFU OxF group was significantly lower (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions OxF are successively screened from healthy adults.Daily administration of 108 CFU OxF can safely and effectively reduce the urinary oxalic acid excretion,prevent the formation of calcium oxalate crystals and inhibit the formation of stones in kidneys of rats.

Effect of nocturnal hemodialysis on dialysis complications and tolerability in maintenance hemodialysis patients / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To compare the differences of dialysis complications and tolerability between nocturnal hemodialysis (NHD) and conventional hemodialysis (CHD) patients.Methods Seventy-two NHD and 72 CHD patients from Changzheng Hospital of Second Military Medical University were enrolled in this study.The clinical data were collected and the postdialysis recovery time was recorded.The complications including intradialytic hypotension,postdialytic fatigue,itching,muscle spasms,dizziness,headache,loss of appetite,nausea,vomiting,and sleep disorders,and the mental pressure and daily life (fear of death,worrying about equipment failure,losing freedom,and failing to work) were all investigated using a questionnaire.Results Patients in the NHD group had significantly shortened postdialysis recovery time (P ＜ 0.01) and significantly less complications (intradialytic hypotension,postdialytic fatigue,itching,dizziness,headache,loss of appetite,nausea and vomiting) than those in the CHD group (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The number of patients who lost freedom significantly was decreased (P＜0.01),but the number of patients worrying about equipment failure was significantly increased (P＜0.01).Conclusion The NHD patients have less complications associated with hemodialysis than CHD patients,and they also have improved tolerance to maintenance hemodialysis.

Causes and risk factors for dropout of nocturnal hemodialysis patients / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To explore the causes of nocturnal hemodialysis (NHD) patient dropout and the risk factors for dropout.Methods We collected the clinical data of patients receiving NHD for more than 3 months,of whom 47 patients dropped out and 64 kept receiving NHD from Feb.2009 to Nov.2016 in Changzheng Hospital of Second Military Medical University.We investigated the general conditions;and we compared the differences of the blood parameters between the two groups when the patients received NHD for the first time and for the last time,including hemoglobin,platelet,albumin,ferritin,serum calcium,serum phosphorus and parathyroid hormone.We also analyzed the risk factors for NHD dropout or for death using Cox regression analysis model.Results Among 111 patients,47 patients had withdrawn from NHD,with their average time for NHD being (31.55±20.30) months,and the causes for dropout included death,transferring to other hospitals,turning to conventional hemodialysis (CHD),renal transplantation and others.Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that hypertensive nephropathy (P=0.007,HR=2.913,95％CI:1.348-6.293) and diabetic nephropathy (P=0.047,HR=2.401,95％CI:1.014-5.685) were risk factors for NHD patient dropout,while chronic nephritis syndrome (P＜0.001,HR=0.095,95％CI 0.046-0.195) was a protective factor;blood albumin (P=0.007,HR=0.904,95％CI:0.840-0.973) and age (P=0.027,HR=1.052,95％CI:1.006-1.101) were risk factors for NHD patient dropout.Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that albumin level (P=0.007,HR=0.911,95％CI:0.848-0.991) was an independent risk factor for death in NHD patients.Conclusion Hypertensive nephropathy and diabetic nephropathy are the risk factors for NHD patients dropout,while chronic nephritis syndrome was a protective factor.Low serum albumin level is an independent risk faetor for death in NHD patients.

Nocturnal hemodialysis reducing mortality risk of maintenance hemodialysis patients / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To compare the difference of mortality risk between patients undergoing nocturnal hemodialysis (NHD) and conventional hemodialysis (CHD) and to explore the related factors of mortality.Methods The study cohort comprised the maintenance hemodialysis patients receiving either NHD (n=111) or CHD (n=722) in Changzheng Hospital of Second Military Medical University from Feb.2009 to Feb.2017.The demographic information,clinical characteristics,survival status,causes of death and laboratory examination indexes were obtained from hemodialysis management system.The urea clearance index (Kt/V),hemoglobin,blood phosphorus concentration and mortality were compared between NHD and CHD patients.The multivariate-adjusted Cox model was used to analyze the mortality risk of all patients.Results Compared with the patients receiving CHD,the proportion of male was more in the NHD group,and the baseline age was younger (P＜0.01) and baseline dialysis vintage was longer (P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in incidences of primary disease and comorbidities,or laboratory examination results.Compared with the CHD group,the levels of Kt/V and hemoglobin in the NHD group were significantly higher (P＜0.01),and the blood phosphorus concentration was significantly lower (P＜0.05).Mortality in the NHD and CHD groups was 3.5 per 100 patients-years and 6.2 per 100 patients-years,respectively.After the adjustment by baseline age,dialysis vintage,gender,and comorbidities,Cox model analysis showed that the mortality risk in the NHD group was lower than in the CHD group (HR=0.67,95％CI:0.39-1.00,P=0.05).Subgroup analysis showed NHD was of more survival benefit for male (P＜0.05),non-diabetic patients (P =0.05) and patients with conventional dialysis vintage ＞3 years (P＜0.05).Conclusion NHD can effectively increase the solute clearance,improve anemia and calcium and phosphate metabolism,and thus reduce the mortality risk of maintenance hemodialysis patients.

Research progress of nocturnal hemodialysis / 第二军医大学学报

Hemodialysis is one of the main treatment methods for patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD),and conventional hemodialysis (CHD) is the most widely used one.With the development of dialysis technology,the survival time of hemodialysis patients is significantly prolonged,but the mortality remains high.Nocturnal hemodialysis (NHD) was proposed in 1963 as a new type of dialysis,and it has greatly extended time of dialysis as compared with CHD.NHD has advantages in controlling blood pressure and cardiovascular function,correcting anemia,improving calcium and phosphorus metabolism and nutritional status,and enhancing quality of life of hemodialysis patients.

Spatial clustering and influential factors of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Chongqing,China,2008-2012 / 中国人兽共患病学报

ABSTRACT:In order to explore the spatial clustering and influential factors of HFMD in Chongqing ,China from 2008 to 2012 ,spatial autocorrelation and spatial regression analysis (using the spatial lag model in this study ) were carried out using the HFMD data of 38 districts (counties) from 2008-2012 in Chongqing by OpenGeoDa ,and the HFMD case‐based data was collected from the Disease Supervision Information Management System of Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Preven‐tion .We found that the global Moran’s I coefficient of Chongqing from 2009 to 2012 was 0 .458 7 ,0 .567 5 ,0 .398 6 ,and 0 .606 0(P0 .05) .Results of multi‐factor spatial lag regression analysis demonstra‐ted that the incidence of HFMD was positively related with urban rate (β=1 .667 6 , P=0 .001 6) ,and negatively correlated with medical technical personnel per thousand (β= -0 .000 2 ,P=0 .019 8) .In general ,the incidence of HFMD was found ge‐ographically clustered in Chongqing from 2009 to 2012 which was significantly influenced by urban rate and medical technical personnel per thousand population ,and while the urban rate was the main factor .

A prospective study of emergent endotracheal intubations in off-hour time in pediatric intensive care unite / 重庆医学

Objective To assess the risk of emergent endotracheal intubations in pediatric intensive care unite (PICU ) and to de-termine the risk factors of complications .Methods A prospective study was conducted with unified tables to collected data of all e-mergent intubations occurring in PICU between November 2011 and May 2012 .All the children were divided into group of any com-plication and group of no complication .Results (1)69 .1% children of emergent intubations had complications including desatura-tion(67 .9% ) ,bradycardia(29 .8% ) ,vomiting (16 .7% ) .(2)Emergent endotracheal intubations were 1 .7 times more likely to occur off-hours .Off-hours intubations were associated with 2 .7 times the risk of complications as on-hours intubations .(3)In a multivari-ate logistic regression analysis ,the nasal tracheal intubation ,two or more attempts at intubation ,and off-hours intubation were asso-ciated with complications .Conclusion Emergent endotracheal intubation are 1 .7 times more likely to occur off-hours .off-hours in-tubations ,the nasal tracheal intubation ,two or more attempts at intubation ,are associated with complications .

Detection of somatic mutations in deteriorated cell of peritoneal mesothelioma by whole genome sequencing / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the somatic mutations in peritoneal mesothelioma with whole genome sequencing technique.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Surgically resected cancer and pericancerous tissue samples from one patient with peritoneal mesothelioma were obtained. The whole genome sequences of tumor tissue and pericancerous tissue were examined by the second generation sequencing technique and compared with reference sequences from human genome database.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 639 717 single nucleotide variations (Single Nucleotide Variation SNV) found in both tumor and pericancerous tissue cells; while 20 302 SNVs were unique for tumor cells and 2 185 SNVs unique for pericancerous tissue, but still 223 SNVs found in cancer and pericancerous tissue were differed from those in human genome database.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The preliminary results indicate that merely comparing the gene sequences of cancer and pericancerous tissue samples in an individual with the human genome reference sequence can not accurately locate all somatic mutations in pathological cells. For those individualized diseases caused by random somatic mutations, it is suggested to sequence the whole genome at birth or at least to reserve a DNA sample at early age for both research and clinical needs.</p>

Determination of vaccarin in Vaccariae Semen by HPLC / 中国中药杂志

To establish a HPLC method for the determination of vaccarin in Vaccariae Semen. Analysis was carried out on an Alltima-C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) eluted with methanol -0.3% phosphoric acid as mobile phase in gradient elution. The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1) and detected wavelength was set at 280 nm. The peak areas and injection ammounts of vaccarin showed a good linear relationship in the range of 0.102-1.539 microg, R2 = 0.9997. The average recovery was 100.4%, RSD was 0.81%. The results of the assay of 10 samples showed that the contents of vaccarin varied in the range of 0.46%-0.57%. The method is simple, accurate, reproducible and specific. It can be used for the quality control of Vaccariae Semen.

Determination of Complanatuside in Semen Astragali Complanati and Its Processed Products by HPLC / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To establish a method for the determination of complanatuside in Semen Astragali Complanati, and study the content change of complanatuside processed. Method HPLC was used with Apollo-C18 column (4.6 mm?250 mm, 5 ?m), acetonitrile-0.1%phosphoric acid (21∶79) as mobile phase, the flow rate at 1.0 mL/min, and detected wavelength was set at 266 nm. Result Complanatuside showed a good linearity relationship in the range of 0.041 6～0.665 6 ?g, r =0.999 9. The average recovery was 100.6%, RSD was 0.73%. Conclusion The method is simple, accurate, reproducibility and strong specificity. It can be used for the quality control of Semen Astragali Complanati. Processing with salt can lead to content decrease of complanatuside in Semen Astragali Complanati.