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Double aortic arch is a congenital aortic arch malformation, which is caused by abnormal development of the fourth aortic arches during embryonic development.The patient with double aortic arch has no specific symptoms.It often encircles the trachea and esophagus.In severe cases, it causes dyspnea and dysphagia, and even endangers life.Currently, double aortic arch is diagnosed mainly by imaging techniques, such as echocardiography, computed tomography angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, cardiac catheterization.The main treatment is surgery.Therefore early diagnosis and treatment are very important to avoid tracheomalacia and improve the prognosis.This article will briefly review the research progress of embryonic development mechanism, classification, clinical diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of double aortic arch, aiming to improve the physician′s skills of diagnosis and treatment.
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Pentalogy of Cantrell is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by a defect of the sternum, a deficiency of the diaphragm, a defect in the pericardium, an abdominal wall defect and congenital heart disease, with or without involvement of other organ systems.The incidence is low, and the prognosis is poor with high rates of perinatal mortality.The etiology and pathogenesis are still unknown.The early diagnosis and timely treatment are important.The prenatal diagnosis may be made by ultrasound as early as the first trimester, and for infants, it can be diagnosed with clinical features, ultrasound, CT and other imaging findings.Surgical repair is the main treatment.The survival depends mostly on associated cardiac anomalies, degree of thoraco-abdominal defect, and so on.There is a review that the diagnosis and treatment of the disease are summarized.
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ventricular septal defect(VSD), patent ducuts arteriosus(PDA), atrial septal defect(ASD), pulnonary stenosis(PS), which are common in congenital heart diseases, they were treated traditionally with cardiac surgery.With the development of interventional cardiac catheterization, we recognized its efficiency and safety for transcatheter interventional therapy to simultaneously treat compound congenital heart diseases.
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Objective To prepare SDF-1 α-loaded nanoliposome ( SNP )-SonoVue complex and investigate its tracing abilities, sustained-release property and effect on migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Methods The SNP was prepared to detect its physical characteristics including particle size,zeta potential, morphology, encapsulation efficiency and drug loading.SNP-SonoVue was constructed to detect the sustained release situation of SNP and SNP-SonoVue after low frequency ultrasound ( LIFU ) irradiation, and the connection of SNP-SonoVue was observed by fluorescence microscope. Effects of SNP-SonoVue on migration of BMSCs were detected to evaluate its bioactivity. BMSCs were divided into 6 groups,including Group A: SDF-1α+ 1% serum medium;Group B: SNP- SonoVue+ 1% serum culture medium;Group C:SNP-SonoVue+ 1% serum culture medium + LIFU ( 1 MHz,0.5 W/cm2, expose 30 s stop 30 s, 4 min);Group D: BNP-SonoVue+1% serum medium;Group E:BNP-SonoVue+1% serum medium+LIFU ( 1 MHz, 0.5 W/cm2, expose 30 s stop 30 s, 4 min),Group F:PBS+1% serum culture medium (control group). Its tracing abilitie were investigated in vitro. Results The average particle size of SNP was(220.4±9.9)nm,and the particle dispersion index(PDI) was(0.172± 0.015), the average zeta potential was ( 35.6 ± 1.7) mv. It was showed spherical dispersion by transmission electron microscopy. The encapsulation efficiency was up to 96.7% and the drug entrapment content was 481.76 ng/mg. Flow cytometric showed the suitable conditions for SNP-SonoVue preparation was that the ratio of SNP quality(mg) to Sono Vue microbubbles number(a) was20:(2.8×109)to40:(2.8× 109). Fluorescence microscopy showed that shells of SonoVue microbubbles connected with large numbers of SNP labeled with red fluorescent DiI. Drug release experiment showed that the cumulative SDF-1α release amount of SNP and SNP-SonoVue exposed to LIFU respectively were ( 68.61 ± 3.97 )% and ( 63.21 ± 5.68)% in vitro within 7 days, and the difference was not statistically significant ( P ＞ 0.05 ). Cell migration experiments confirmed that the transfer function of BMSCs in Group A, Ggroup B and group C was significantly higher than that in control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ), but there was no significant difference among the Group A, Ggroup B and group C ( P ＞0.05). In vitro development experiment showed that the SNP-SonoVue complex had obviously enhanced development effect. Conclusions SNP-SonoVue complex is successfully prepared. It has obviously enhanced development effect and can lead to migration of BMSCs.
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Requirement for Medical English teaching in physical medicine physicians training has been on the agenda to fit the new condition of globalization. According to the development of physical medicine in China and students English level, courses of medical English were set to match the requirements of both scientific research and clinic works. We try to improve students' medical English level through lectures in multimedia classroom and a lot of practical activities after class.
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Objective To evaluate the value of ultrasonic diagnosis of congenital prepyloric diaphragm. Methods Twelve cases were collected for the analysis of the characteristics of ultrasonography in diagnosis of congenital prepyloric diaphragm. Results Of the 12 cases of congenital prepyloric diaphragm, valvula in pyloric antrum could be observed in 5 cases, inclusive of 2 cases of complicating pachyntic stenosis of pyloric muscular layer. Other valvula in pyloric canal could not be found with ultrasonography. No pyloric muscular layer pachynsis was observed, but signs of pyloric obstruction such as gastric retention, slow or difficult transfer of gastric contents, gastro-esophageal reflux were found. Prepyloric diaphragm was confirmed surgically in all cases. Conclusion Ultrasonic diagnosis of congenital prepyloric diaphragm is of practical value in clinical practice and can provide reliable imaging data for the option of preoperative approaches.