Research advances in pathogenesis, risk factors, monitoring, and retreatment of drug-induced liver injury / 临床肝胆病杂志

With the approval and launch of a large number of new drugs, the incidence rate of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is increasing year by year, which may affect the treatment of primary diseases. As an adverse drug reaction, DILI cannot be completely eliminated, and the clinical goal is to minimize its influence through prevention and control. This article reviews the research advances in the risk factors for DILI, the monitoring of DILI, and retreatment. Studies have shown that the risk of DILI can be increased by certain factors under some circumstances. Early identification of risk factors, rational monitoring, and focus on the timing and method for retreatment can reduce the development or progression of DILI and thus improve the prognosis of patients.

Effect and mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 as an alcoholic hepatitis treatment in a rat model / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of Rgl treatment on prognosis of alcoholic hepatitis using a rat model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Female Sprague-Dawley rats were radomly divided into four groups:unmodeled control, untreated model, Rgl-treated model, and dexamethasone (DXM)-treated model. The model groups were generated by intragastric injection of alcohol. The unmodeled control group was given an equal dosage of normal saline by the same route. After model establishment, the Rg1 treatment group and the DXM treatment group were administered a 120-hour treatment of Rgl or DXM; the unmodeled controls were administered normal saline on the same schedule. All rats were then fasted for 120 hours and venous blood samples were collected for detection of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBil), albumin (Alb), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFat) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Markers of liver inflammation were measured by immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Fat and apoptosis indices were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and TUNEL assay, respectively. The t-test and F test were used for statistical analyses.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The model group showed remarkably more liver steatosis (over one-third of the tissue) than the unmodeled control group, indicating proper establishment of alcoholic liver disease in the modeled rats. The AST, ALT, TBil, and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the untreated model group than in the Rgl-treated group and the DXM-treated group. The values were significantly different between the Rg1-treated group and the DXM-treated group:ALT, 69.19+/-8.00 U/L vs.102.88+/-5.16 U/L; TBil, 0.36+/-0.07 µmol/L vs.1.20+/-0.18 µmol/L; IL-6, 126.50+/-6.50 U/ml vs.169.19+/-7.68 U/ml; TNFa, 268.31+/-13.19 µg/L vs.318.94+/-7.87 µg/L (all P less than 0.05). Expression of caspase3 and caspase8 was significantly higher in the model group than in the Rgltreated group and the DXM-treated group (both P<0.05). The apoptosis index was significantly lower in the Rgltreated group and the DXM-treated group than in the model group (both P<0.05). The mRNA and protein expression of caspase3, caspase8 and NF-kB were significantly lower in the Rgl-treated group and the DXM-treated group than in the model group (allP less than 0.05), and the levels of all were significantly lower in the Rgl-treated group cornered to the DXM-treated group (all P<0.05). Conehision In rats with alcoholic hepatitis, Rg1 can significantly relieve pathological injury, improve liver function by blocking the apoptotic pathway, and inhibit release of inflammatory cytokines.</p>

Balofloxacin and levofloxacin in the treatment of 215 cases of bacterial infections in urinary system lower respiratory tract / 重庆医科大学学报

0.05).Conclusion:Balofloxacin is as effective and well-tolerated as levofloxacin for the treatment of bacterial infections in urinary system respiratory tract.