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Objective:To explore the characteristics, clinical manifestations and gene mutation types of Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLs), and to improve the understanding of the disease.Methods:Clinical data and gene test results of a pediatric case of CdLs diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University in August 2019 were analyzed retrospectively.Results:A female patient with 2 years and 8 months old presented a special appearance with a low and flat nose, a wide eye distance, audition ears, a downward inclination of the mouth corner, a high arch of the jaw and a small jaw deformity, who had recurrent seizures, speech and mental retardation.The result of gene test showed the mutation of SMC1A gene c. 2923C > T, and thus the patient was diagnosed as type 2 CdLs. Conclusions:CdLs is a rare genetic metabolic disease with special facial features and physical signs.There is only one case of CdLs with gene mutation of SMC1A in China through literature review.The mutation of SMC1A gene c. 2923C>T in CdLs cases has not been reported at home and abroad, which expands the variation spectrum of the SMC1A gene.
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A case of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University in March 6, 2022 was reported.The proband was a 14-year-old boy, who was admitted to the hospital because of " fever, headache and vomiting for 2 days" . Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) was consequently conducted to examine the pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid.Naegleria infection was detected, so the child was diagnosed with PAM.The disease developed rapidly, and the patient died 29 hours after admission.In the paper, a total of 13 studies were reviewed, and 15 children with PAM were reported.Of the reported cases, only 1 case survived, 14 cases died.PAM had a low incidence, a dangerous condition, and high mortality.Most cases were diagnosed by autopsy or pathogen diagnosis in cerebrospinal fluid.This case is confirmed by mNGS of pathogens, and it is rarely reported at home and abroad.
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Systemic light-chain(AL)amyloidosis has an insidious onset and diverse clinical manifestations with high early mortality and can be easily overlooked or misdiagnosed in the elderly.Early diagnosis and deep remission are critical for the long-term survival of AL amyloidosis patients.This article provides a systematic review of the current status of treatment and progress in new drugs for AL amyloidosis.
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Objective:To observe the efficacy and adverse reactions of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the treatment of recurrent frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (FRNS), and explore the feasibility of treatment of ACTH in children.Methods:From November 2017 to June 2018, in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University of a total of 32 cases of FRNS ACTH therapy were all the role of ACTH consecutive 3-8 courses of treatment (when the dosage of prednisone was less than or equal to 0.5 mg/kg, 0.4 U/kg ACTH should be used every day.After 3 days of continuous application, the dosage of Prednisone should be reduced to 1.25-5.00 mg.ACTH was used for 3 days as a course of treatment, and continued to use ACTH for 2 courses until corticosteroid stopped). The number of recurrence, Prednisone maintenance dose, immunosuppressive use, serum cortisol and other relevant experimental indicators and adverse reactions were recorded during the follow-up period after ACTH treatment, and were followed up for 8-15 months.Results:Among the 32 children, the onset age (53.47±25.81) months, the course of disease (35.25±23.87) months, 22 patients (68.75%) had no recurrence after corticosteroid withdrawal, 7 patients (21.87%) had recurrence after corticosteroid withdrawal, and 3 patients (9.37%) had recurrence during corticosteroid withdra-wal.Compared with before ACTH treatment, Prednisone was significantly decreased[(0.08±0.14) mg/(kg·d) vs. (0.23±0.23) mg/(kg·d)], and the difference was statistically significant ( t=3.661, P<0.05), the number of immunosuppressant cases decreased significantly[42.38%(12/32 cases) vs. 58.62%(17/32 cases), χ2= 14.500, P<0.05]. Serum cortisol was measured at 8 Am increased significantly[(11.78±4.64) μg/dL vs. (4.42±3.13) μg/dL, t=7.340, P<0.05]. The results were stable during follow-up, with 2 patients presenting with systemic urticaria once and 1 patient presenting with headache after infusion. Conclusions:ACTH therapy is safe and effective in hormone therapy for child with FRNS, and less adverse reactions.
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Objective:To investigate the expression and significance of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in renal tissue and peripheral blood of children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome(INS).Methods:The renal biopsy tissues of 78 children with INS diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from October 2015 to June 2018 and normal renal tissues of 21 children (control group 1) were collected, and the expressions of TLR4 in the renal tissue was detected by using immunohistochemical method.The expression of TLR4 in different renal pathological types and clinical types of INS was compared, and the correlation of TLR4 with 24-hour urinary protein and serum albumin was analyzed.The expression levels of TLR4 in peripheral blood of children with INS before and after treatment (active stage and remission stage) and 23 healthy children (control group 2) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The serum expression levels of TLR4 in different renal pathological types and clinical types of INS were compared, and the correlation of TLR4 with 24-hour urinary protein and serum albumin was analyzed; The correlation between TLR4 expression in renal tubules and in the serum of children with INS was also analyzed.Results:(1)Compared with the expression of TLR4 in normal renal tissues[(0.93±0.26)%], the expression of TLR4 in glomeruli and interstitium of all pathological types of INS [mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN): (0.93 ± 0.21)%, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS): (1.02±0.25)%, membranous glomerulonephritis(MN): (1.03±0.09)%, minimal change disease(MCD): (1.02±0.27)%]was not significantly different ( F=0.741, P=0.562), but the expression of TLR4 in renal tubules[MCD: (82.94±4.62)%, MN: (63.54±1.98)%, MsPGN(42.32±2.97)%, FSGS: (22.60±2.07)%] was significantly increased ( F=1 929.842, P<0.01), Especially, the expression of TLR4 in renal tubules of MCD type INS was significantly higher than that of MN, MsPG N and FSGS [MCD: (82.94±4.62)%, MN: (63.54±1.98)%, MsPGN: (42.32±2.97)%, FSGS: (22.60±2.07)%], and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.01). TLR4 expression in renal tubules was the highest in steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) type and the lowest in INS patients with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) type, and the differences were statistically significant( F=220.951, P<0.01). (2)The expression of serum TLR4 in INS children at the active stage [MsPNG: (143.36±12.99) ng/L, FSGS(75.94±7.29) ng/L, MN(210.22±14.66) ng/L, MCD(283.93±21.58) ng/L]was significantly higher than that in INS children at remission stage [MsPNG: (29.51±4.93) ng/L, FSGS(15.66±3.78) ng/L, MN(45.40±5.73) ng/L, MCD(62.29±7.90) ng/L]and control group 2[(0.69 ± 0.33) ng/L], and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.01); the expression of serum TLR4 in INS children at remission stage was significantly higher than that in the control group 2 ( F=286.287, P<0.01). TLR4 had the highest expression level in serum of MCD type INS children at active and remission stages, followed by MN and FSGS successively.The expression of serum TLR4 was highest in SSNS and lowest in SRNS, and the differences were statistically significant ( F=147.438, P<0.01). (3)The expression of TLR4 in renal tubules of children with INS[(62.82 ±20.94)%]was positively correlated with the expression of TLR4 in serum[(213.26±73.33) ng/L] ( r=0.852, P< 0.05). The expression levels of TLR4 in renal tubules and serum of INS patients at active stage were positively correlated with 24-hour urinary protein level[(123.05±33.55) mg/kg] ( r=0.401, 0.427, all P<0.05), and negatively correlated with serum albumin level[(19.54±3.55)g/L] ( r=-0.602, -0.617, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The expression of TLR4 in renal tubules and serum of children with INS increases, and may be related to different renal pathological types and clinical types of children with INS, as well as disease activity.
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Objective@#To investigate the pyroptosis induced by different enteroviruses in human neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y and the differences among them.@*Methods@#SH-SY5Y cells were infected with nine strains of enterovirus respectively, including enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), Coxsackievirus A (CA), Coxsackievirus B (CB), Echovirus (Echo). The cellular morphology of infected and control groups were observed and activity of Caspase-1 of infected and control groups were detected by flow cytometry at 48 h post infection.@*Results@#The activity of Caspase-1 induced by EV-A71 was higher than control (P<0.001), and the activity of Caspase-1 induced by EV-A71 isolated from severe case was significantly higher than that induced by EV-A71 isolated from common case (P<0.001). The activity of Caspase-1 induced by CA was at a lower level. The activity of Caspase-1 induced by CB and Echo were both significantly higher than that induced by EV-A71 and control (P<0.001). Cytopathic effects (CPE) were found to be related with the activity of Caspase-1.@*Conclusions@#EV-A71, CB and Echo all could induce pyroptosis mediated by Caspase-1 in SH-SY5Y cells, but the ability of CA to induce pyroptosis was at a lower level, which may provide evidences for further study on mechanism of neuropathy caused by enterovirus.
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Objective@#To analyze the clinical manifestations and results of etiological examinations of 17 elderly patients with influenza A (H1N1) viral pneumonia, and to understand the clinical features of pneumonia and molecular characteristics of influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in the elderly.@*Methods@#The elderly patients with pneumonia who were hospitalized in the Department of Respiratory Diseases of Nanjing First Hospital from January 2018 to March were enrolled. The cases were confirmed by nucleic acid examination for influenza virus and the clinical data were collected. After the amplification of the whole genome of influenza virus, the high throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed.@*Results@#The mean age of the 17 enrolled patients was 73.8±10.8. All of them had at least 1 underlying disease, and 7 cases had co-infection. Respiratory symptoms and fever were the most prominent clinical manifestations. Lesions in both lungs were found in 76.5% of the patients. The result of high throughput sequencing showed that all the viruses were highly homologous to the vaccine strain, and the HA gene belonged to the 6B.1 subgroup. Furthermore, three variations of antigenic locus (H138Y, S74R and S164T in HA) and a drug-resistant variation (H275Y in NA) were detected in the circulating strains.@*Conclusions@#Elderly patients with influenza A (H1N1) virus pneumonia often have underlying diseases and are prone to have co-infection. The molecular characteristics of the virus and the variation of key amino acid loci should be closely monitored in order to provide evidence for epidemic prevention and clinical antiviral treatment.
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Objective To explore the effect of self -made Dahuang paste on the prevention of postoperative constipation after lung cancer endoscopic surgery by pasting Shenque point and beating Tianshu point .Methods From January 2015 to April 2015,120 patients with lung cancer underwent thoracoscopic surgery in Zhejiang Cancer Hospital were selected and divided into study group and control group according to the principle of single and double numbers,with 60cases in each group.All patients were treated with intravenous analgesic pump after operation ,with 0.2mg fentanyl hydrochloride and 0.9%saline 100 mL.Dahuang paste was made by the hospital preparation center. The control group was treated with enema or cork ,the study group was given Dahuang massage.The effect on the prevention of postoperative constipation was compared.Results The total effective rate of postoperative prevention of constipation in the study group was 95.00%,which was significantly higher than 58.33%in the control group (χ2＝22.547,P＝0.000).Conclusion Dahuang paste has obvious effect on the prevention of postoperative constipation by pasting Shenque point and beating Tianshu point ,which is worthy of clinical promotion.
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Objective To investigate the expressions and clinical significance of Toll like receptor (TLR) 3 and TLR4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and renal tissues of children with primary IgA nephropathy.Methods A total of 34 children with primary IgA nephropathy were selected as the IgA nephropathy group,who were confirmed by renal biopsy,from the Department of Pediatrics,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University,from September 2014 to June 2016.In the same period,7 cases of renal tumor who underwent nephrectomy in Pediatric Surgery became control group A,and 10 cases of healthy children became control group B,and the expressions of TLR3 and TLR4 in renal tissue were detected by adopting immunohistochemistry between IgA nephropathy group and control group A,and the positive expression rate of TLR3 and TLR4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were detected by using flow cytometry in IgA nephropathy group.The expression of TLR3 and TLR4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of IgA nephropathy group and control group B were observed and compared.Results The expressions of TLR3 and TLR4 in renal tissue of IgA nephropathy group were respectively (68.28 ±6.37)％ and 0.048 ±0.018,which were significantly higher than TLR3 [(9.69 ±11.02)％] and TLR4 (0.003 ±0.001) in the control group A,and the differences were statistically significant (t =50.080,14.374,all P ＜ 0.01).The positive expressions of TLR3 and TLR4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of IgA nephropathy group were respectively (17.62 ± 8.33)％ and (23.85 ± 11.82)％,while the expressions were (0.31 ± 0.06) ％ and (3.02 ± 0.09) ％ respectively in the control group B,and the differences were statistically significant (t =12.109,11.612,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The expressions of TLR3 and TLR4 in renal tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of IgA nephropathy are increased,suggesting that the abnormal activation of TLR3 and TLR4 may be involved in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy.
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Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of retroperitoneal laparoscopic procedure for rad-ical nephrectomy. Methods The clinical data of 140 cases underwent retroperitoneal aparoscopic radical nephrec-tomy from August 2013 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them ,87 cases were controlled by procedure for radical nephrectomy ,53 cases were treated with Non-procedural for radical nephrectomy. The peri-operative information parameters of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results All of the 140 cases were operated under laparoscopy. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the basic condition and tumor location(P>0.05). Retroperitoneal laparoscopic procedure in the operation time ,intraoperative bleed-ing,peritoneal rupture rate,blood transfusion,complete tumor resection and postoperative drainage were better than non-procedural for radical nephrectomy ,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01). All patients were followed up for 1 to 3 years without recurrence and metastasis. Conclusion Retroperitoneal laparoscopic pro-cedure for radical nephrectomy is significant ,worthy of clinical application and promotion.
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Objective To investigate the expressions and clinical significance of Toll like receptor (TLR) 3 and TLR4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and renal tissues of children with primary IgA nephropathy.Methods A total of 34 children with primary IgA nephropathy were selected as the IgA nephropathy group,who were confirmed by renal biopsy,from the Department of Pediatrics,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University,from September 2014 to June 2016.In the same period,7 cases of renal tumor who underwent nephrectomy in Pediatric Surgery became control group A,and 10 cases of healthy children became control group B,and the expressions of TLR3 and TLR4 in renal tissue were detected by adopting immunohistochemistry between IgA nephropathy group and control group A,and the positive expression rate of TLR3 and TLR4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were detected by using flow cytometry in IgA nephropathy group.The expression of TLR3 and TLR4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of IgA nephropathy group and control group B were observed and compared.Results The expressions of TLR3 and TLR4 in renal tissue of IgA nephropathy group were respectively (68.28 ±6.37)％ and 0.048 ±0.018,which were significantly higher than TLR3 [(9.69 ±11.02)％] and TLR4 (0.003 ±0.001) in the control group A,and the differences were statistically significant (t =50.080,14.374,all P ＜ 0.01).The positive expressions of TLR3 and TLR4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of IgA nephropathy group were respectively (17.62 ± 8.33)％ and (23.85 ± 11.82)％,while the expressions were (0.31 ± 0.06) ％ and (3.02 ± 0.09) ％ respectively in the control group B,and the differences were statistically significant (t =12.109,11.612,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The expressions of TLR3 and TLR4 in renal tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of IgA nephropathy are increased,suggesting that the abnormal activation of TLR3 and TLR4 may be involved in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy.
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Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of retroperitoneal laparoscopic procedure for rad-ical nephrectomy. Methods The clinical data of 140 cases underwent retroperitoneal aparoscopic radical nephrec-tomy from August 2013 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them ,87 cases were controlled by procedure for radical nephrectomy ,53 cases were treated with Non-procedural for radical nephrectomy. The peri-operative information parameters of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results All of the 140 cases were operated under laparoscopy. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the basic condition and tumor location(P>0.05). Retroperitoneal laparoscopic procedure in the operation time ,intraoperative bleed-ing,peritoneal rupture rate,blood transfusion,complete tumor resection and postoperative drainage were better than non-procedural for radical nephrectomy ,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01). All patients were followed up for 1 to 3 years without recurrence and metastasis. Conclusion Retroperitoneal laparoscopic pro-cedure for radical nephrectomy is significant ,worthy of clinical application and promotion.
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Objective To evaluate the practicability of using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tech-nology for inhibition of hepatitis B virus ( HBV) replication. Methods Two sgRNA targeting sites were de-signed for the S region of HBV genome. The CRISPR/Cas9 expression plasmids specific for HBV were con-structed and then transfected into a cell line expressing HBV genome(HepG2-N10). The cytotoxicity of cells transfected with different expression plasmids were detected by MTT assay. The levels of hepatitis B surface antigen ( HBsAg ) were determined by using chemiluminescent immunoassay ( CLIA ) . The expression of HBV at mRNA level was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR ( qRT-PCR) . The qPCR was performed for the detection of extracellular and intracellular HBV DNA. The next-generation sequencing ( NGS) Illumina MiSeq Platform was used to analyze HBV genome editing. Results No significant cytotoxic effects were de-tected in HepG2-N10 cells transfected with different expression plasmids. Compared with the cells carrying pCas-Guide-GFP-Scramble, the levels of HBsAg in the supernatants of transfected cell culture harboring pCas-Guide-GFP-G1 and pCas-Guide-GFP-G2 were decreased by 24. 2% (P0. 05), respectively. The levels of HBsAg in cells transfected with pCas-Guide-GFP-G1 and pCas-Guide-GFP-G2 were respectively decreased by 16. 4% (P>0. 05) and 32. 1% (P>0. 05) as compared with that of pCas-Guide-GFP-Scramble transfected group. The expression of HBV at mRNA level was inhibited as indica-ted by the results of qRT-PCR. Moreover, the levels of extracellular HBV DNA were respectively suppressed by 23% (P>0. 05) and 35% (P0. 05) and 18% (P>0. 05). Different types of insertion/deletion mutation were de-tected in HBV genome by high-throughput sequencing. Conclusion HBV-specific CRISPR/Cas9 system could inhibit the expression of HBV gene and the replication of virus. Therefore, the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology might be used as a potential tool for the treatment of persistent HBV infection.
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Objective To explore the risk factors of dysphagia in the patients with traumatic brain injuries (TBI). Methods 141 TBI pa-tients were assessed with Gugging Swallowing Screen, and divided into the dysphagia (n=36) and normal (n=105) groups. The related fac-tors were compared between 2 groups. Results The frequency increased in severe brain injury, brain stem injury, bilateral brain injury, tra-cheotomy, nasal-gastric tube insertion and cognitive defect in the dysphagia group compared with those in the normal group (P<0.05). Con-clusion The severe brain injury, brain stem injury, bilateral brain injury, tracheotomy, nasal-gastric tube insertion and cognitive defect may be related with the dysphagia post TBI.
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@#Objective To explore the risk factors of dysphagia in the patients with traumatic brain injuries (TBI). Methods 141 TBI patients were assessed with Gugging Swallowing Screen, and divided into the dysphagia (n=36) and normal (n=105) groups. The related factors were compared between 2 groups. Results The frequency increased in severe brain injury, brain stem injury, bilateral brain injury, tracheotomy, nasal-gastric tube insertion and cognitive defect in the dysphagia group compared with those in the normal group (P<0.05). Conclusion The severe brain injury, brain stem injury, bilateral brain injury, tracheotomy, nasal-gastric tube insertion and cognitive defect may be related with the dysphagia post TBI.
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By studying the academia criterion of the first hospital affiliated of wenzhou medical univertisy full-time graduate,result display that part of the graduate student academic criterion consciousness is faint,lack of academic criterion related knowledge,academic anomie behavior sometimes appear,Supervisor is partly absent from academic criterion guide.Aiming at this situation,University should strengthen the education of Supervisor,improve the system of rewards and punishment,purify academic atmosphere,promote graduate degree of academic criterion.
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Objective To summarize the perioperative nursing of acute intracranial arterial occlusion treated with mechanical thrombectomy with Solitaire AB stent.Methods Fifty-three cases of acute intracranial arterial occlusion were treated with mechanical thrombectomy with Solitaire AB stent.Before the operation,emergency green passage was established and after the operation,the nursing measures included close observation of conditions,intensified basic nursing,control and management of blood pressure and medication,prevention from the complications by reperfusion injury and early rehabilitative training.Results The mechanical thrombectomy with Solitaire AB stent was successful for all the 53 patients.The occlusions in the blood vessels of 44 cases were fully removed and those in 9 cases were partially removed,3 treated with stent for stenosis.Conclusion The nursing points for acute intracranial arterial occlusion treated with mechanical thrombectomy with Solitaire AB stent include preoperative effective preparation, close observation of the disease conditions such as changes in their consciousness and blood pressure,prevention from reperfusion injury and early rehabilitative training.
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To investigate the role of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and PI3K/AKT/ mTOR signal pathway inducing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) differentiation into neural cells, mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell lines D1 cells were used as research object. And they were divided into control groups and salidroside (SD) groups. Different concentrations (5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 microg x mL(-1) of SD were used and SD (100 microg x mL(-1)) was used to induce at different time (0.5, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h). The immunofluorescence staining chemical technology, real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the positive rates of NSE, MAP2, beta-Tubulin III, NES, GFAP and the expression levels of beta-Tubulin III, NSE, ERK1/2, AKT. The expression of ERK1/2 and NSE was detected when the ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT/ mTOR signal pathway was blocked by PD98059 and LY294002. It indicated that the positive rates of NSE, MAP2, beta-Tubulin III, NES and GFAP were gradually enhanced with time increased. The expression level of NSE and beta-Tubulin III protein were significantly higher than those in control groups (P < 0.01). The expression of ERK1/2, AKT mRNA and protein were higher with concentration and time increased. When the ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway were blocked, the expression levels of NSE, NES and beta-Tubulin III mRNA and NSE protein were inhibited significantly. It points out that SD can stimulate the ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway to promote BMSCs differentiation into neural cells.
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Objective To compare the difference between GUSS swallowing evaluation and traditional evaluation as a symbol of pulling out stomach tube.Methods 60 patients with cerebral hemorrhage combined with indwelling tube were divided into two groups,the GUSS group and the traditional group,according to the symbol of pulling out the gastric tube.Each group contained 30 cases.The GUSS score ≥ 15 points was used as the symbol of pulling out the gastric tube in the GUSS group,while being able to eat 200 ml liquid without any trouble in two days was used as the symbol in the traditional group.Then we compared the incidence of gastric tube reinsertion and aspiration pneumonitis between the two groups.Results No gastric tube reinsertion and aspiration pneumonitis occurred in the GUSS group,while 7 cases accepted gastric tube reinsertion and 3 cases diagnosed as aspiration pneumonitis in the traditional group.The incidence of gastric tube reinsertion and aspiration pneumonitis in the GUSS group were obviously lower than those in the traditional group.Conclusions GUSS evaluation score ≥ 15 points could be used as a symbol of pulling out gastric tube.
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BACKGROUND/AIMS: Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is a serious, life threatening condition with a high mortality rate that represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The aim of this study was to collect demographic data and clinical, laboratory and microbiological characteristics of PLA patients treated between 2000 and 2010. We also aimed to collect information regarding our management experience of these cases. METHODS: As a retrospective review, 47 patients with PLA in a tertiary referral center were examined to determine their demographic characteristics, clinical features, and laboratory, imaging, and microbiologic findings as well as the treatment outcome. RESULTS: Cryptogenic PLA was the most frequently identified type of PLA, while benign biliary tract disease was the most frequently identifiable cause of PLA (18/47 patients; 38.3%). Leukocytosis and elevated alanine transaminase were common laboratory findings and were observed in 35 (74.5%) and 22 (46.8%) patients, respectively. Increased fibrinogen was also detected in 11 of 15 investigated cases (73.3%). Notably, infection-induced thrombocytopenia occurred in 8 patients (17%). Diabetes mellitus was associated with the occurrence of infection induced shock when compared to the non-diabetic group (p<0.05). Patients with two or more comorbid diseases had longer hospitalizations when compared to patients with one comorbid disease or those without comorbidities (p<0.001). The number of days needed to establish diagnosis was correlated with the length of hospitalization (p<0.001). The overall hospital mortality rate was 2.1% (1/47). CONCLUSIONS: Characteristics of PLA patients from the past 10 years are presented. The number of days needed to establish a PLA diagnosis was correlated with the length of the hospital stay. The hospital stay of PLA patients can be further improved by early diagnosis and effective treatments during the early stages of PLA progression.