ABSTRACT
Objective@#To construct superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) coated on trastuzumab and indocyanine green (ICG) and then investigate whether the coated nanoparticles (NPs) targeted to human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) receptors on breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.@*Methods@#The Fe3O4-trastuzumab-ICG NPs were constructed. And a series of characteristics of the NPs were evaluated. The uptake ability of SK-BR-3, a HER-2 positive breast cancer cell, was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Then the NPs were injected in the tail veins of SK-BR-3 xenograft tumor-bearing mice to observe the aggregation of NPs in the tumor sites by MRI and fluorescent imaging. Furthermore, when the NPs was gathered at the tumor sites, the near infrared thermal imaging system was used to monitor the tumor temperature after the near infrared radiation.@*Results@#The successfully constructed Fe3O4-trastuzumab-ICG NPs had the size of (25.93±4.25) nm. The absorption peak was 828 nm, which was as same as the emission wavelength of ICG. The NPs had a high relaxation rate of approximately 107.65 mM-1·s-1. The maximum temperature of NPs solution could reach to 57.8℃ after continuous near infrared laser irradiation. The transmission electron microscopy imaging revealed that the NPs could target and enter into the endoplasmic reticulum of SK-BR-3 cells. MRI analysis showed the lowest T2 relaxation time in the tumor sites 24 h after tail vein injection of the NPs. The △T2 of the tumor sites in the Fe3O4-trastuzumab-ICG group (30.7±4.8) ms was higher compared with that of control group (3.1±1.1) ms, Fe3O4-IgG-ICG group (4.4±0.9) ms and trastuzumab + Fe3O4-trastuzumab-ICG group (11.3±3.8) ms., respectively, all showing statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The fluorescence imaging revealed that the NPs was concentrated transiently in the intraperitoneal organs and tumor sites, then excreted into the bladder. After 24 h, there was an obvious aggregation in the tumor sites. The near infrared thermal imaging experiments showed that the temperature of tumor sites in Fe3O4-trastuzumab-ICG group could go up to 49.4℃ after continuous near infrared light irradiation.@*Conclusion@#The newly constructed Fe3O4-trastuzumab-ICG NPs have the potential to act as a multifunctional imaging agent and a powerful tool for photothermal therapy for HER-2 positive breast cancer.
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Background and purpose: It was reported that Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway was involved in carcinogenesis and progression of various tumor types. This study was designed to observe the expression of Shh and Gli2 in SHH signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to study the relationship between the expression of Shh and Gli2 and different clinicopathlogical characteristics, and further to explore the clinical significance. Methods: We studied 30 HCC tissues and 10 normal liver tissue slices using immunochemistry for the expression of Shh and Gli2, 10 fresh HCC tissues, adjacent-tumor tissues and 2 HCC cell lines HepG2, Huh7 by using RT-PCR for the mRNA expression of Shh and Gli2. Results: Immunochemistry showed in 30 HCC tissue slices,the positive ratios of the components of SHH signaling pathway Shh, Gli2 were 63.3% (19/30) and 66.7% (20/30), respectively. Expression of Gli2 was significantly correlated with the pathological grade and the tumor invasion in hepatic portal vein (P=0.017 and P=0.024). Shh and Gli2 did not express in normal liver tissue. RT-PCR showed Shh and Gli2 were detected as positive in both HCC tissues and lines. The expressions of Shh mRNA and Gli2 mRNA were higher in HCC than in adjacent-tumor tissues (P<0.05). The expressions of Shh mRNA and Gli2 mRNA were higher in Huh7 than in HepG2 cell lines, but no significant difference was found between them (P>0.05). Conclusion: The expressions of Shh and Gli2 were elevated in HCC, which indicated that SHH signaling pathway may be involved in human HCC carcinogenesis. The study may be useful for treatment of HCC.
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An analysis method was developed for the determination of free and bound fractions of polybromi-nated ethers (PBDEs) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in sediment. The free PBDE and TBBPA were extracted with acetone/hexane ( 1:1) mixed solvent,and the bound fraction was released from the sediment by saponification reaction at 80℃. PBDEs and TBBPA were separated via adjusting pH; PBDEs were determined by GC-negative chemical ionization (NCl)-MS after cleaned up by multilayer silica column,and TBBPA was derivative before pre-separated by acid silica column and finally determined by GC-EI-MS. All of the target compounds were quantitative by internal standard method. The limits of detection of eight low bromina-ted congeners (BDE28,-47,-66,-100,-99,-154,-153 and -183),deca-BDE ( BDE209),and TBBPA were 0.6 - 12.5 pg/g,172 pg/g and 4. 2 pg/g,respectively;This method is reliable and stable. The recoveries of all compounds were ranged from 74% to 106% and the relative standard deviations were below 10%. This method is suitable for the measurement of different forms of PBDEs and TBBPA in sediment under reliable quality assurance and quality control.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the application of modified two-hole laparoscopic cholecystectomy ( LC) for exploring new minimal invasive LC approach. Methods 176 patients with calculous cholecystitis and polypus of cholecyst underwent LC through two abdominal holes. Results 174 gallbladders were removed successfully by modified two-hole LC. The average time of operation was 27.8±7.1minute. The average hospitalized stays of post operation were 2.7±0.8 day. There were two patients whose operation had to be converted to tradition three-hole LC. There were no complication and conversion of open cholecystectomy in all patients. During an average follow-up time of 6 monthw, ranged from 3 to 10month, there were no abdominal pain and jaundice happened to patients. Conclusions The application of modified two-hole LC is a safe and effective LC approach on the basis of skillful perform of traditional three-hole LC. It can reduce the injury to patients and advance the technique of ninimal invasive surgery further.