ABSTRACT
Objective To observe fMRI images of brain during hand movement induced by NMES of healthy young subjects and to explore the possible mechanism of NMES to central nervous system. Methods Six right-handed healthy volunteers including 5 males and 1 female, aged 25.17 ± 3.43 years underwent fMRI scanning while NMES was applied to right wrist extensors to elicit a maximal wrist extension. The parameters of stimulation electric current were: frequency 30 Hz, pulse width 0.2 ms, biphase square wave, on time:off time =2 s:2 s, ramp 1 and the intensity was maximal tolerance by subjects. Functional images were processed using SPM2 software package to obtain the localized information in activated cortex region. Results All of the 6 subjects showed fMRI responses upon NMES. Most of wrist extensor stimulated by NMES was associated with activation of the primary motor cortex ( MI ), pre-motor cortex (PMC), supplementary motor cortex (SMC),primary somatosensory cortex (SI). The functional responses arise not only in contralateral cortex, but also in ipsilateral cortex to the stimulated hand movement. Conclusion Wrist exten- tion elicited by NMES can evoke fMRI responses in motor cortex and somatosensory cortex in healthy subjects.
ABSTRACT
Aim To observe the effect of Sinomenine on the activation of NF-?B and the degradation of its inhibitor I-?B in peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice in vitro and provide experimental evidence for further evaluation of the antiinflammatory and antirheumatic effects of Sinomenine. Methods Effect of Sinomenine on the activation of NF-?B p65 in the cells was investigated by using fluorescence-labelling and laser confocal scanning microscopy; Effect of Sinomenine on the degradation of I?B-? was investigated by Western blot. Results SIN (0.25,1.25 mmol?L -1) attenuated the activation of NF-?B p65 in peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice induced by LPS in vitro. SIN(0.25,1.25 mmol?L -1) inhibited the degradation of I-?B-? in peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice induced by LPS in vitro. Conclusion SIN can partially inhibit the activation of NF-?B p65 and the degradation of I?B-? in peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice induced by LPS in vitro.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristics of adverse drug reactions(ADR) in our hospital so as to promote rational clinical drug use.METHODS:244 ADR cases collected in 2005 in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively.RESUL TS:Among the 244 cases,the female exceeded the male;79.83% of the patients were more than 40 years old.The cardiovascular system medicines took the lead which amounted to 45.69% of the total,then came the antimicrobial medicines.The intravenous administration caused most of ADRs.Alprostadil Injection accounted for 9.02% of the total, the highest.Skin and its appendages impairment cases took the biggest percentage at 28.14%.CONCLUSION:we should pay more attention to the ADR monitoring and the spread of ADR knowledge and enhance the ADR awareness of medical staff.sen or avoid the occurrence of ADR,monitoring of which and publicizing of ADR knowledge should be emphasized.