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【Objective】 To research the genetic polymorphism of HPA 1-6/10/15/21 in platelet donors in Zhongshan area, and establish a gene bank of platelet donors with HPA locus. 【Methods】 The HPA 1-6/10/15/21 system genotyping was performed by Real time fluorescent PCR combined with TaqMan probe technology on 192 platelet donors in Zhongshan area, and the genotype frequency and gene frequency were calculated. 【Results】 Only HPA-aa genotype was found within HPA-4/10, and no allele HPA-b had been detected. The majority of HPA-1, 2, 5, 6 and 21 genotypes were aa. HPA-3 and HPA-15 showed high heterozygosity, with genotype frequency of 0.307 3, 0.494 8 and 0.197 9 for HPA- 3aa, HPA-3ab and HPA-3bb, while 0.270 8, 0.505 2 and, 0.224 0 for HPA -15aa, HPA-15ab and HPA-15bb, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The distribution characteristics of HPA 1-6 /10/15/21 of platelet donors in Zhongshan shows regional differences compared with similar researches from other regions. The establishment of HPA gene bank is helpful to avoid alloimmunization caused by incompatible platelet transfusion.
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Objective:To understand the present situation of occupational benefit and job satisfaction of nurses in Guangzhou medical and nursing institutions, and to analyze the influencing factors of occupational benefit, so as to provide reference for the managers of pension institutions to formulate measures.Methods:A total of 83 in-service nurses from four medical and nursing institutions in Guangzhou were selected by convenient sampling. The general data questionnaire, nurses′ occupational benefit scale, job satisfaction scale, organizational support scale and job input scale were used to adjust the questionnaire.Results:The total score of occupational benefit of nurses in Guangzhou medical and nursing institutions was 106.14±16.38, which was in the middle level. Among them, the score of good nurse-patient relationship (76.40%) was the highest, the score of positive occupational perception(69.20%) was the lowest, and the total score of job satisfaction was 95.25±14.06. Among them, the score of satisfaction with colleagues (76.87%) was the highest, and the score of welfare treatment and professional development opportunity (55.40%, 56.15%) was lower. The total scores of organizational support and work input were 40.18 ± 9.58 and 54.92 ± 9.58, respectively. The results of multiple linear regression showed that nurses′ age, job satisfaction, organizational support and job input were the important factors affecting nurses′ sense of professional benefit( t values were -3.518-6.668, P<0.01 or 0.05). Conclusions:The managers of pension institutions should take positive measures to improve the welfare treatment of nurses, increase their professional development opportunities, strengthen emotional support for nurses, improve nurses′ concentration and energy input to work, so as to improve nurses′ sense of professional benefit and job satisfaction.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of precision anesthesia strategy on postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing hip replacement.Methods Seventy elderly patients of both sexes,aged 65-85 yr,weighing 50-75 kg,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective unilateral hip replacement under general anesthesia,with years of education＞6 yr,were divided into 2 groups (n =35 each) using a random number table:precision anesthesia group (group P) and routine anesthesia group (group R).Anesthetic protocol and perioperative management were optimized using precision anesthesia strategy in group P.Routine anesthetic protocol and perioperative management were performed in group R.Peripheral venous blood samples were collected at 1 day before operation (T0) and 1,6,12 and 24 h after operation (T1-4) for determination of serum S100β protein,neuronspecific enolase (NSE),interleukin-1beta (IL-1β),IL-6,tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Creactive protein (CRP) concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The patient's cognitive function was assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at T0 and 3 and 7 days after operation (T5,6).Results Compared with the baseline at T0,the serum S100β protein and NSE concentrations were significantly increased at T1-3,the serum IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations were increased at T1-4,the CRP concentrations were increased at T2,3,MMSE scores were decreased at T5 in group R,and the serum S100β protein,IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations were significantly increased at T1-3,the serum NSE and CRP concentrations were increased at T2,the serum TNF-α concentrations were increased at T1-4,and MMSE cores were decreased at T5 in group P (P＜0.05).Compared with group R,the serum S100β protein and IL-1β concentrations were significantly decreased at T1,2,the serum NSE and TNF-α concentrations were decreased at T1-3,the serum IL-6 concentrations were decreased at T2,3,and MMSE scores were increased at T5 in group P (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Precision anesthesia strategy can improve postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing hip replacement,which is related to inhibiting inflammatory responses.
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Objective To discuss the effects and related mechanisms of rapamycin preconditioning on lung injury induced by limb ischemia-reperfusion (IR) in rats.Methods Sixty healthy male SD rats, aged 4-5 months, weighing 250-300 g, were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=12 each) using a random number table: sham operation group (group S);limb ischemia-reperfusion group (group IR);rapamycin 1, 5, 10 mg/kg pretreatment groups (groups R1, R5 and R10).Ischemia-reperfusion of limb was produced by occlusion of bilateral femoral arteries for 2 h followed by 3 h reperfusion.Blood samples were collected to determine serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations,1ungs were removed for microscopic examination and for determination of wet/dry lung weight ratio.Results The activity of SOD in groups IR, R1 and R5 was significantly lower than that in group S (P＜0.05).The activity of SOD in groups R1, R5 and R10 was significantly higher than that in group IR, that in groups R5 and R10 was significantly higher than that in group R1, that in group R10 was significantly higher than that in the group R5 (P＜0.05).Serum MDA, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α concentrations and wet/dry lung weight ratio were significantly increased in groups IR, R1 and R5 (P＜0.05).Serum MDA, IL-1β, IL-6,TNF-α concentrations and wet/dry lung weight ratio were lower in groups R1, R5 and R10, those in groups R5 and R10 were significantly lower than those in group R1, those in group R10 was significantly lower than those in group R5 (P＜0.05).Compared with group S, the lung tissue injured more significantly in group IR.Compared with group IR, the lung tissue injury gradually reduced in groups R1,R5 and R10.Conclusion Rapamycin pretreatment can reduce lung injury caused by limb ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats in a dose-dependent manner, the greater the dose, the stronger the effect of reducing lung injury caused by limb ischemia-reperfusion injury.The mechanisms may involve attenuating oxidative stress and inhibiting inflammatory response.
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Objective To review the advantages and disadvantages of common attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) animal models,published in 2000-2014 at home and abroad,with an attempt to provide new ideas for the future study of the pathogenesis in ADHD.Methods Major online database including CNKI,Wan Fang databases,OVID,Pubmed databases were searched in January 2015,using the key wordsattention deficit hyperactivity disorder, animal modelsand so on,to analysis the advantages and disadvantages of each type of experimental animal models and research value in ADHD.Results Totally 29 studies were enrolled,and the analysis show that the current commonly used experimental animal models of ADHD are spontaneously hypertensive rats,dopamine transporter gene knockout mice,lack of mutant mice model,neonatal 6 hydroxy dopamine damage of juvenile rat model,neonatal hypoxic rats model,X-ray irradiation injury model of rat hippocampus and other brain tissue damage model and isolated feeding model,and each animal model has the advantages,disadvantages and special research value of the pathogenesis of ADHD.Conclusion The specific pathogenesis of ADHD is unclear,but the neuroendocrine changes especially HPA axis attracted much attention in recent years.this paper summarizes the research at home and abroad comparison of several common animal models of ADHD.neuroendocrine changes in SHR and ADHD children have a certain degree of consistency in HPA axis,looking for ADHD children and SHR in neuroendocrine aspects of consistency is likely to open a new path to search the pathogenesis in ADHD.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of hyperbaric factor on lidocaine-induced apoptosis in spinal neurons in rats with diabetic neuropathic pain.Methods Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 220-300 g,were used in the study.Diabetic neuropathic pain was induced by high-sugar high-fat diet + intraperitoneal 1％ streptozotocin (STZ) 30 mg/kg and confirmed by blood glucose level ＞ 16.65 mmol/L at 3 days after STZ injection and then intrathecal catheter was placed.Twenty-four rats with diabetic neuropathic pain in which IT catheters were successfully implanted were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =8 each):hyperbaric lidocaine group (group HL),isobaric lidocaine group (group IL),and glucose group (group G).Another 8 rats in which IT catheters were successfully inserted served as control group (group C).2％ hyperbaric lidocaine 10 μl (in C and HL groups),2％ isobaric lidocaine 10 μl (in group IL),or 10％ glucose 10 μl (in group G) was injected intrathecally once a day for 3 consecutive days.The duration of motor block was recorded at 2 min after each administration.The paw withdrawal threshold to von Frey filament stimulation (PWT) was measured before STZ injection (T1),before IT injection (T2),at 30 min after administration on 1st,2nd and 3rd days and on day 5 after the end of administration (T3-6).All the rats were sacrificed at T6 and their L4,5 segments of the spinal cord were removed for microscopic examination.The apoptosis in spinal neurons was detected using TUNEL assay.Results Compared with the baseline value at T1,PWT was significantly decreased at T2-5 in HL,IL and G groups.PWT was significantly higher at T6 than at T2-5 in group HL.Compared with group C,the duration of motor block was significantly prolonged and the apoptotic index was increased in group HL.Compared with group IL,the duration of motor block was significantly prolonged and the apoptotic index was increased in group HL.Conclusion Hyperbaric factor can promote lidocaine-induced apoptosis in spinal neurons in rats with diabetic neuropathic pain.
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Objective To investigate the effect of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine on spinal cord neurons apoptosis in diabetic neuropathic rats.Methods Thirty-two healthy male Sprague-Daw-ley rats weighing 220-300 g,8 normal rats randomly served as control group (group C),the other rats were intraperitoneal injection 1% streptozotocin (STZ)60 mg/kg to induce diabetic neuropathic (DN),and last induced thirty-seven diabetic neuropathic rats.group C and diabetic neuropathic rats administer intrathecal catheter,respectively.Twenty-four rats in which DN was successfully intrathe-cal catheter were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=8):hyperbaric bupivacaine group (group HB), isobaric bupivacaine group (group IB),glucose group (group G).Hyperbaric bupivacaine 10 μl were injected intrathecally in groups C and HB respectively,isobaric lidocaine 10 μl were injected intrathe-cally in group IB,10% glucose 10 μl were injected intrathecally in group G,once daily for 3d.After rats each administration 2 min,motor block duration were recorded;The paw withdrawal threshold to von Frey filament stimulation (PWT)were measured before induced diabetes model (T1 ),before in-jected intrathecally (T2 ),after 30 min administered 1 d (T3 ),2 d (T4 ),3 d (T5 )and end administered 4 d (T6 ).All rats were sacrificed at T6 and their lumbar intumescential spinal cord tissue were re-moved for microscopic examination.And using TUNEL assay to measure spinal neuronal apoptosis. Results PWT was lower at T2-5 in groups HB,IB and G comparing with T1 (P <0.05 ).Comparing with group C,the motor block duration was significantly prolonged(P <0.05)and spinal cord neuro-nal apoptosis cells were increased(P <0.05)in group HB.Comparing with group IB,the motor block duration was significantly prolonged(P <0.05)and spinal cord neuronal apoptosis cells were increased (P <0.05)in group HB,too.PWT was increased at T6 in group HB at T2-T5 (P <0.05).Group G did not appear motor block and spinal cord neuronal apoptosis.Conclusion Intrathecally hyperbaric bupi-vacaine can promote spinal cord neuronal apoptosis in diabetic neuropathic rats.
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Objective To explore the change of 25 hydroxyvitamin D level and its correlation with glucose metabolism and bone mineral density in elderly men with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods Hospitalized 53 elderly male patients with T2DM (T2DM group) and 51 patients without T2DM (NDM group) were chosen.Blood.biochemical indexes and 25 hydroxyvitamin D level were measured.Bone mineral density of lumbar (L2_4),left proximal femur was measured by dual energy X-ray.Results The serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D level in T2DM group was lower than that in NDM group [(12.38 ±5.12)μg/L vs.(17.35 ± 5.52) μ g/L],and there was significant difference(P＜ 0.05).The serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D level was negatively associated with fasting blood glucose level and glycosylated hemoglobin (r =-0.225,-0.499,P ＜ 0.05).The serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D level was not associated with fasting insulin and homeostasis model insulin resistance index (r =-0.050,-0.082,P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of osteoporosis in T2DM group was higher than that in NDM group [30.19％(16/53) vs.11.76％(6/51)],and there was significant difference (P ＜0.05).The serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D level was positively associated with bone mineral density of femur neck,greater trochanter of femur and Ward triangle(r =0.773,0.762,0.812,P ＜ 0.05).The serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D level was not associated with bone mineral density of lumbar (L2_4)(r =0.116,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is found in elderly men with T2DM.Vitamin D level can affect blood glucose control and increase the risk of the occurrence of osteoporosis.Therefore,T2DM patients,especially elderly patients,should be routine vitamin D testing.Vitamin D supplementation to the patients of vitamin D insufficiency in time may be beneficial to glucose metabohsm and the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
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OBJECTIVE To comprehend the changes in the spectrum of clinically isolated pathogenic bacteria and their drug resistance,and to analyze their tendency.METHODS Totally 5746 pathogenic bacteria isolated from clinical samples of the inpatients in our hospital during 1997-2004 and their drug resistance was statistically(analyzed).RESULTS Most of clinically isolated pathogenic bacteria were Gram-negative.The detected rate of Gram-positive bacteria tended to rise,while the detected rate of fungi obviously increased year after year.Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacilli were resistant to commonly used antibacterials in different degrees,(especially) to ampicillin.The sensitive rate of Gram-positive bacteria was high to vancomycin,while the sensitive rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to imipenem were high.CONCLUSIONS The structure of(nosocomial) infection(pathogens) and their drug resistance patterns are changing continuously.It should be(emphasized) to inspect(bacterial) tolerance in order to select antibacterial reasonably.