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OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence of nosocomial infection in ICU patients,risk factors.and measures to prevent infection.METHODS The nosocomial infection of ICU patients in the hospitals from Nov 2005 to Jun 2009 was investigated using the method of target monitoring.The nosocomial infection rate was regulated by the method of ASA.The invasive procedure and the associated infection rate were analyzed.RESULTS Among 833 inpatients in ICU,92 suffered from nosocomial infection,The nosocomial infection rate was 11.04%.and the nosocomial infection rate per day was 4.43% after modified by the method of ASA.The incidence of patients was 5.37%.Totally 145 strains of bacteria were isolated,and the dominant pathogens were Gram-negative bacilli(56.55%).CONCLUSIONS The patients in ICU are susceptible population of nosocomial infection,A.baumannii is the dominating pathogen to cause nosocomial infection in intensive care units.Target monitoring in ICU is an effective surveillance method to reduce the prevalence of nosocomial infection.
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OBJECTIVE To explore the disinfection methods for ophthalmology and to strengthen the measures of disinfection.METHODS The disinfection methods of the environment,equipment and operation field in ophthalmology were investigated and analyzed,and the good disinfection methods were summarized.RESULTS Due to strictly control the disinfection measures in ophthalmology,strengthen management,the hospital infection was reduced.In 2006 eye hospital infection rate was 0.CONCLUSIONS Good disinfection methods can effectively prevent eye hospital infection.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosomal arms 13q and 14q in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) using 21 microsatellite polymorphic markers and to study whether there is a correlation between LOH and clinicopathologic parameters and/or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in NPC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty cases of NPC were studied using polymerase chain reaction based microsatellite analysis with genescan and genotyping techniques.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>LOH was detected on 13q in 78% of NPC tumors, high frequency LOH loci (more than 30%) clustered to 13q12.3-q14.3 and 13q32. On chromosome 14q, LOH was detected in 80% of NPC tumors; high frequency LOH loci clustered to 14q11-q13, 14q21-q24 and 14q32. High frequency LOH at 13q31-q32 correlated with a lower level of EBV infection; LOH on chromosome 14q was closely associated with poor differentiation of NPC tumor cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our results suggest that in NPC, LOH on chromosome 13q and 14q are common genetic events, and putative tumor suppressor genes (TSG) residing in these regions may be involved in tumorigenesis.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 , Genetics , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14 , Genetics , DNA, Neoplasm , Genetics , Gene Frequency , Loss of Heterozygosity , Microsatellite Repeats , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms , Genetics , Pathology , Statistics as TopicABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the value of mediastinoscopy in diagnosing unknown mediastinal disease and staging of lung cancers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From October 2000 to August 2001, 41 patients were examined by cervical mediastinoscopy with or without anterior mediastinotomy for diagnostic and staging purposes. Of these 41 patients, 12 were for diagnosis of unknown mediastinal disease, 3 for diagnosis and staging of pulmonary nodule or mass clinically suspected to be malignancy and 26 for the staging of lung cancer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ten of 12 patients with unknown mediastinal disease were diagnosed pathologically as thymoma in 1, metastatic lesion from lung cancer in 1, metastatic thyroid carcinoma in 1, lymph node hyperplasia in 1, teratoma in 1, sarcoidosis in 1, inflammatory pseudotumor in 1 and tuberculosis in 3, giving a diagnostic rate of 83.3%. Of three patients with suspected malignancy, one was diagnosed as tuberculosis by cervical mediastinoscopy and the other two as lymphoma and pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor by thoracoscopy and thoracotomy. The sensitivity and specificity of mediastinoscopy for the staging of mediastinal nodes in 26 lung cancers were 87.5% and 100%. Only one wound infection but no other major complication was found.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Mediastinoscopy is a safe procedure which can accurately provide information on diagnosis and staging.</p>