ABSTRACT
Objective@#To understand the distribution of HIV-1 genotypes and the status of drug resistance among people living with HIV who had prepared to initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Dehong Dai and Jingpo autonomous prefecture (Dehong).@*Methods@#A total of 170 adults with HIV were recruited in Dehong from January to June 2017, before initiating ART. HIV-1 pol genes were amplified and used to analyze the HIV-1 genotypes and drug resistance.@*Results@#A total of 147 samples were successfully sequenced. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, 12 HIV-1 genotypes were found among the subjects, including three predominant genotypes such as subtype C (29.9%, 44/147), unique recombinant forms (URFs) (27.2%, 40/147) and CRF01_AE (19.7%, 29/147). Circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) which were newly identified in this area in recent years were also found among these subjects, including CRF62_BC, CRF64_BC, CRF86_BC and CRF96_cpx. The distribution of HIV-1 genotypes between heterosexual transmission or intravenous drug use, showed statistical difference. Surveillance drug resistance mutations (SDRMs) were found among 8.8% (13/147) of the subjects. Proportion of drug resistant strains among injecting drug users (25.0%, 8/32) was higher than that among those heterosexual transmitted individuals (4.6%, 5/109, χ2=10.166, P=0.002).@*Conclusions@#Among people living with HIV-1 who had prepared to initiate ART, their HIV-1 genetics were highly complicated, with moderate prevalence rate of HIV-1 drug-resistant strains.
ABSTRACT
Objective To standardize the operation processes of neonatal instrument,ensure the standards effectiveness and safety of equipment use.Methods A retrospective study had been taken on after the developments and implementations of all neonatal instruments standard operation procedure (SOP).The equipment maintenance data were collected and analyzed one year before and after the implementation of SOP.Results After the effective implementation of the SOP,the incidence of instrument repair due to misoperation,improper maintenance reduad by 59％(19/32),9/14,4/7,the instrument management efficiency was enhanced,and the safety of nurses and patients was guaranteed,and the patients satisfaction was improved,and also the quality of care was enhanced.Conclusions SOP procedure plays a very important role in improving neonatal care management and overall efficiency.It makes a continuous improvement of nursing care which is worth widely being implemented.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the mechanisms of Danggui Shaoyao San (DSS) on Alzheimer's diseases (AD) focusing on anti-inflammation.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>AD rats were established by intrahippocampal bilateral injection of Abeta1-42 protein. The AD rats were randomly divided into three groups: AD model group, DSS high-dose group, DSS low-dose group. Vehicle group rats were intrahippocampal bilateral injection of solvent with the same dose. The learning ability and memory of rats was investigated in step-down passive avoidance test and Morris water maze test, expression of IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha mRNA were observed by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), levels of NO was measured by colorimetric method and neuron apoptosis in the hippocampus was investigated by tag method of TdT-mediated end-labeling of fragmented DNA (TUNEL).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>DSS significantly reduced the escape latency and increased the time that rats spent in the target quadrant in Morris water maze test, shortened the responsive latency and decreased the error numbers in step-down passive avoidance test, reduced the expression of the IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha mRNA, and the level of the NO depressed the neuron apoptosis in the hippocampus.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DSS improving cognition of the rats might be related to attenuate inflammatory reaction and reduce cell apoptosis in the hippocampus.</p>