ABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the impacts of clinical,pathological,and laboratory factors on on-cological outcomes of patients with T3 N0 M0 renal cell carcinoma.Methods:The clinical data,laboratory exam results,and follow-up outcomes of 182 patients with T3 N0 M0 renal cell carcinoma who underwent nephrectomy from 2007 to 2012 in Peking University First Hospital were retrospectively collected.The 5-year cancer-specific survival and 5-year recurrence-free survival of all the patients were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method,and the statistical significance between the survival curves were compared using the Log-rank test.Variables with significant differences in the univariate analysis were subjected to the multivariate analysis by Cox regression model.All the comparisons were conducted using two-tailed test and P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:A total of 182 patients were included in this study.Of all the 182 patients,126 were male (69.23%)and 56 were female (30.77%).The mean age was (56.75 ±12.45)years.The median follow-up time was 48 months (3 -99 months).At the end of the follow-up,50 patients (27.47%)died due to the disease after a median of 29.74 months and 59 patients (32.42%)had tumor recurrence after a median of 22.12 months.The 5-year cancer-specific survival of all patients was 68.30% (95% CI:60.16% -75.84%);the 5-year recurrence-free survival was 60.70% (95% CI:53.16% -68.84%).In the univariate analysis,diabetes mellitus, tumor invasion status,Fuhrman grade,serum album,serum cholestenone,anemia,and neutrophils per-centage were associated with the cancer-specific survival and Fuhrman grade,serum album and anemia were associated with the recurrence-free survival.Variables with significant differences on univariate analysis were included in Cox multivariate regression analysis.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes mellitus (HR =2.434,95% CI:1.243 -4.769,P =0.010),hypoalbuminemia (HR =2.188,95% CI:1.074 -1.074,P =0.031),and anemia (HR =3.320,95% CI:1.839 -5.991,P <0.001)were independent risk factors significantly associated with cancer-specific survival;and higher Fuhrman grade (HR =2.552,95% CI:1.433 -4.545,P =0.001),anemia (HR =2.535, 95% CI:1.497 -4.293,P =0.001)were independent factors significantly associated with recurrence-free survival.Conclusion:Diabetes mellitus,hypoalbuminemia,and anemia were independent risk fac-tors significantly associated with cancer-specific survival of T3 N0 M0 renal cell carcinoma patients;higher Fuhrman grade and anemia were independent risk factors significantly associated with tumor recurrence of T3 N0 M0 renal cell carcinoma patients.
ABSTRACT
Nephrotic syndrome is a common kidney disease in childhood. Its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidat?ed. In recent years, gene chip is maturing and widely used in many fields. Its application in nephrotic syndrome could pro?vide important information of its pathogenesis and treatment target at gene level. This article reveiwed the current application of the gene chip technology and its prospects in the nephrotic syndrome.