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Background The highly prevalent of occupational stress and job burnout of coal miners seriously affect their physical and mental health. Objective To investigate the levels of occupational stress and job burnout in coal mine workers, and to analyze the mediating effect of work-family conflict between these two conditions. Methods A total of 1500 coal miners were included by random cluster sampling method from February to October 2019. The levels of occupational stress, work-family conflict, and job burnout of the study participants were evaluated using the Effort-Reward Imbalance Inventory scale (ERI), the Work-Family Conflict Scale, and the Chinese version of the Burnout Scale, and compared among coal miners with different demographic characteristics. Partial correlation analysis was used to find the correlations between indicators; SPSS AOMS 26.0 software was used to analyze the potential mediating effect among occupational stress, work-family conflict, and job burnout in the coal miners in Xinjiang. Results The study included 1247 male coal miners with a valid questionnaire return rate of 83.13%. The M (P25, P75) score of job burnout was 55.00 (47.00, 62.00). Except for gender and monthly income, the differences of job burnout scores among coal miners grouped with selected demographic characteristics were statistically significant (P<0.05). The M (P25, P75) scores of ERI and work-family conflict of coal miners were 1.01 (0.85, 1.21) and 51.00 (44.00, 57.00) respectively, and the differences of ERI and work-family conflict scores among different job types were statistically significant (P<0.05). ERI values were positively correlated with burnout (rs=0.212), emotional exhaustion (rs=0.188), and depersonalization (rs=0.244) scores (all P<0.01); work-family conflict scores were positively correlated with burnout (rs=0.382), emotional exhaustion (rs=0.360), depersonalization (rs=0.370), and reduced sense of accomplishment (rs=0.105) scores (all P<0.01). The regression results showed a significant positive effect of occupational stress on job burnout and work-family conflict (b=7.117, b=8.347, P<0.001), and a mediating effect of work-family conflict on the association between occupational stress and job burnout, with a mediating effect value of 0.249 (50.92% of the total effect of 0.489, P=0.002). Conclusion Work-family conflict may act as a mediating role between occupational stress and job burnout in coal miners, which suggests an indirect effect on occurrence of job burnout.
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Background The occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders in coal mine workers remains high, and psychological factors are one of the important factors. Objective To explore the occupational stress level, mental health status, and prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) of coal miners in Xinjiang, and to analyze the effects of occupational stress and mental health on WMSDs. Methods From August 2018 to August 2019, 1300 workers of 4 coal mines were selected by cluster sampling method. Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire, Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) Scale, Self Reporting Inventory (SCL-90) were used to investigate the prevalence of WMSDs, occupational stress, and mental health. Results A total of 1177 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid rate of 90.5%. The prevalence rate of WMSDs was 66.4%, the positive rate of occupational stress was 50.2%, and the positive rate of psychological symptoms was 53.4%. The M (P25, P75) ERI score was 1.0 (0.9,1.2), and the M (P25, P75) SCL-90 score was 138.0 (117.0,184.0). The prevalence rate of WMSDs in ≥3 sites was 45.0% in the occupational stress group and 46.0% in the positive psychological symptoms group. The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that reporting occupational stress (OR=1.835, 95%CI: 1.380-2.440) and positive psychological symptoms (OR=1.461, 95%CI: 1.083-1.969) were positively associated with the prevalence of WMSDs; those being female (OR=2.393, 95%CI: 1.544-3.709), aged≥30 years (OR30-＜40=2.344, 95%CI: 1.507-3.645; OR40-＜50=2.395, 95%CI: 1.541-3.723; OR50-60=5.115, 95%CI: 2.872-9.111), with length of service>15 years (OR=2.283, 95%CI: 1.537-3.392), and being coal diggers (OR=1.591, 95%CI: 1.070-2.365) showed higher risks of reporting WMSDs; those with education level at high school and above (ORhigh school=0.399, 95%CI: 0.279-0.571; ORcollege and above=0.220, 95%CI: 0.157-0.310), and monthly income>8000 yuan (OR=0.364, 95%CI: 0.227-0.582) showed lower risks of reporting WMSDs. The results of structural equation model showed that in model 1 with mental health as the intermediate variable, occupational stress and mental health directly affected WMSDs, and the standardized path coefficients (β) were 0.10 and 0.25 respectively; ERI also directly affected mental health with a β of 0.20. In model 2 with WMSDs as the intermediate variable, ERI and WMSDs directly affected mental health, and the β values were 0.16 and 0.25 respectively; ERI also directly affected WMSDs with a β of 0.16. Conclusion The prevalence rate of WMSDs in selected coal mine workers is high, and occupational stress and mental health affect the occurrence of WMSDs.
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Background Sleep disorders in occupational groups will seriously affect their physical and mental health and work efficiency. Oil workers are a special occupational group, and their working environment factors may lead to occupational stress and job burnout, and the occurrence of sleep disorders. Objective To investigate the current situation of sleep disorders in oil workers and analyze the the effects of occupational stress, job burnout, and their interactions on sleep disorders. Methods From May to November 2019, 2300 oil workers were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling, and their occupational stress, job burnout, and sleep disorders were evaluated using the Effort-Return Imbalance (ERI), the Maslach Burnout Inventory－General Survey, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The influencing factors of sleep disorders were analyzed using binary logistic regression, and the effect of the interaction between occupational stress and job burnout on sleep disorders were evaluated after adjusting for selected confounding factors. Results Of the 2300 questionnaires distributed, after excluding invalid questionnaires, a total of 2060 questionnaires were valid and the valid recovery rate was 89.57%. There were 1069 males (51.89%) and 991 females (48.11%), and the average age was (40.89±8.22) years old. The prevalence rate of sleep disorders among the oil workers was 34.76%, and the differences among different gender, age, working age, type of work, shift system, education and marital status groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05); 986 (47.86%) workers experienced occupational stress, and the prevalence rates were higher in males (57.06%), age group ≥45 years (52.63%), technical secondary school and below education group (51.87%) ,working age group > 15 years (50.47%), oil transportation workers (50.95%), shift workers (56.34%), and workers with a monthly income > 4000 yuan (51.70%); 1749 workers (84.90%) experienced job burnout, of which the prevalence rate of moderate burnout was higher (50.68%). Except the subjective sleep quality of oil workers between different occupational stress groups (Z=−1.02, P=0.308), the total score of PSQI and the scores of remaining dimensions were varied among different occupational stress and job burnout groups (P < 0.05). The results of multiple regression analysis found that being females, age ≥ 30 years, working age ≥ 15 years, oil transportation workers, shift work, severe burnout, and occupational stress were associated with an increased risk of reporting sleep disorders (P<0.05); the interaction between occupational stress and severe burnout led to a 11.403-fold increase in the risk of reporting sleep disorders (OR=11.403, 95% CI: 5.107-25.462). Conclusion Oil workers are experiencing poor sleep quality, and occupational stress, job burnout and their interaction would increase the risk of sleep disorders.
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Objective:To evaluate the mechanism of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) agonist-induced protection of the intestine in rats undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and the relationship with the activity of enteric glial cells (EGCs).Methods:Seventy-two clean-grade adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 400-500 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=24 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (group S), CPB group (group C) and α7nAChR agonist PHA568487 plus CPB group (group P). In group P, PHA568487 0.8 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected, and 30 min later CPB model was established.At the beginning of CPB (T 0), at 1 h of CPB (T 1), and at 2 and 6 h after termination of CPB (T 2, 3), the rats were sacrificed, and intestinal tissues were obtained for examination of the pathological changes and for determination of the expression of ZO-1, occludin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and calcium-binding protein (S-100β protein) by Western blot.The immunohistochemical method was used to observe the positive expression of GFAP at T 2. Results:Compared with group S, the expression of GFAP and S-100β protein was significantly up-regulated, and the expression of ZO-1 and occludin was down-regulated at T 1-3( P<0.05), the positive expression of GFAP was increased, and the intestinal tissue injury was accentuated in C and P groups.Compared with group C, the expression of GFAP, ZO-1 and occludin was significantly up-regulated, and the expression of S-100β protein was down-regulated at T 1-3( P<0.05), the positive expression of GFAP was increased, and the intestinal tissue injury was reduced in group P. Conclusion:The mechanism by which α7nAChR agonist attenuates intestinal injury may be related to activating EGCs and improving intestinal barrier function in rats undergoing CPB.
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Objective To evaluate the relationship between endogenous protective mechanism of intestinal barrier injury induced by cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB) and enteric glia cells in rats. Methods Forty-eight clean-grade adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 400-500 g, were divided into 2 groups (n=24 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (group S) and CPB group. Rats were sacrificed at the beginning of CPB, 60 min of CPB, and 2 and 6 h after CPB, and the intestinal tissues were removed for examination of pathological changes ( by HE staining) and for determina-tion of the expression of ZO-1, occludin, glial fibrillary acidic protein ( GFAP ) and calcium-binding pro-tein ( S-100) and the positive expression of GFAP ( by immunohistochemical method) . Results Compared with group S, the expression of GFAP and S-100 was significantly up-regulated at 60 min of CPB and 2 and 6 h after CPB, the expression of ZO-1 and occludin was down-regulated (P<0. 05), the positive expres-sion of GFAP was enhanced, and the intestinal mucosal injury was marked in group CPB. Conclusion The enhanced activation of enteric glia cells may be involved in the endogenous protective mechanism of in-testinal barrier injury induced by CPB in rats.