ABSTRACT
Standardized specialist training is key to postgraduate medical education. China is introducing the specialist training programs, yet without covering specialist training in obstetrics and gynecology(O&G). Shanghai took the lead in 2003 to pilot O&G specialists training programs within the region. This study introduced the specialist training programs in O&G in the US, and compared them with those in Shanghai, and recommending on launching O&G specialist training nationwide based on China′s specifics.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the guidance significance of sputum smear on the sputum culture by comparing the micro-scopic detection results of sputum smear with the sputum culture results in 227 cases.Methods 227 cases of sputum specimen were collected for observing the character and smear staining by microscopy.These specimens were divided into the class A,B,C and D according to the standards and simultaneously conducted the culture.The relationship between smear and culture was analyzed.Reˉ sults Among 227 cases of sputum specimen,158 cases were qualified and accounted for 69.60%,and 69 cases were unqualified and accounted for 30.40%.Potential pathogens were detected in 128 cases,the positive detection rate was 56.39%,the positive detec-tion rate of qualified sputum specimens was 70.39% and which of unqualified sputum specimens was 28.00%.The coincidence rate of qualified sputum specimen smear results and the culture results was 72.78%.The positive rate of cytophagic bacteria in the qual-ified sputum specimens was 11.72%,in which 14 cases of cytophagic bacteria were the qualified class A sputum specimens with the positive rate of 16.67% and 5 cases of cytophagic bacteria were the class B sputum specimens with the positive rate of 6.76 %. Conclusion The sputum smear microscopic detection can provide the important information for the diagnosis and treatment of re-spiratory infections and the sputum smear has the important guiding significance for sputum culture.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the validity of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation(RFA)combined with percutaneous ethanol injection(PEI) with different style in rabbit liver in vivo.Methods Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were included in this study and divided into four groups.Group A:RFA before PEI(n=6),RFA (1 cm mono-electrode,maintain 3 minutes RFA) before PEI 1.5 ml; Group B:PEI before RFA (n=6),PEI 1.5 ml before RFA (1 cm mono-electrode,maintain 3 minutes RFA); Group C:RFA (1 cm mono-electrode,maintain 3 minutes RFA) only (n =6);Group D:PEI (1.5 ml) only(n=6).To analyze the resistance,current and energy requirement per unit of each group including RFA.To observe the size,shape,isoperimetric ratio and volume of coagulated necrosis of each group by enhanced CT.Results The longest diameter and the shortest diameter of group B[respectirely,(24.1±4.4) mmand (21.45±4.0) mm] were significantly larger than group C [respectirely,(12.4 ± 1.6) mm and (11.1 ± 1.4) mm] and group D[respectirely,(7.7 ± 2.3) mm and (5.1 ± 1.5) mm] (P＜0.01).The height diameter and volume of coagulated necrosis of group B [respectirely,(20.3± 4.9) mm3 and (5879 ± 2607) mm3] were significantly larger than the other 3 groups [(14.8± 2.7) mm3 and (3130±1250) mm3,(10.7±1.6) mm3 and (767±173) mm3,(6.7± 1.0) mm3 and (146±83) mm3] in A,C,and a group (P＜0.01).Isoperimetric ratios of ablation zone in group B was the most highest.There were no statistically significant between each group (P＞0.05).The resistance of group B were significantly larger than group A and group C (P＜0.01).The current of group B were significantly lower than group A and group C (P＜0.05).The energy requirement per unit of group A and group B were significantly lower than group C (P＜0.01).Conclusion The volume of coagulated necrosis of group PEI-RFA was significantly larger than the other 3 groups.The energy requirement per unit of group PEI-RFA were the lowest in each group.The isoperimetric ratio of group PEI-RFA was the most highest.
ABSTRACT
The PBL Teaching Method has implemented in the department of gynecology and obstetrics of Fudan University since 2004.This new method cultivates the students'ability to ask and answer the questions to collaborate,to comiderate problems conpletely and the ability to consult information and solve problems quickly.Teachers and department should improve the teaching and manage level.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of thrombolytic drug infusion via carotid artery on experimental central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), and observe the changes of fibrinolytic activity in the systemic circulation. Methods To dissolve the thrombi in 15 cats (30 eyes) with CRAO established by laser irradiating a branch of central retinal artery after intravenous injection of photochemical drugs, urokinase (UK) was directly infused via carotid artery in 5 cats (10 eyes) in group A or intravenously injected in 5 cats (10 eyes) in group B, and isotonic saline solution was intravenously injected in 5 cats (10 eyes) in group C respectively. The patency of the artery was evaluated by fundus fluorescein angiography. Moreover, the changes of fibrinolitic activity in the blood were observed by blood biochemical examination. Results Four hours after UK infusion, the complete repatency proportion was 80% (5 cats 8 eys) in group A, and 50% (4 cats 5 eyes) in group B. There was significant difference between the two groups. Besides, after the infusion, the indexes of coagulation, fibrinolysis, and anti-fibrinolysis in group A were better than those in group B and C (P
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of thrombolysis infusion via microcatheter on the treatment of central retinal artery occlusion(CRAO). Methods Urokinase (UK) was directly infused via ophthalmic artery (OA) by microcatheter (6 patients) or via intravenous (7 patients) to dissolve the thrombus. The patency of the artery was evaluated by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and the effect of fibrinolytic activity on the systemic changes was observed by blood biochemical examination simultaneously. Results In 6 patients in the microcatheter group, 5 had completely and 1 had partly reopened OA on the morrow of UK infusion with the patency rate of 83.33%, while in 7 patients in vein group, 3 completely reopened, 2 partly reopened and 2 obstructed OA were found with the patency rate of 42.86%. The difference between the two groups was significant. No obvious change of index of blood coagulation system was found in catheter group, which had great disparity compared with the vein group. Conclusion Urokinase infusion via microcatheter in CRAO has better therapeutic impact and smaller effect on systemic action.