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Natural killer (NK) cells are an important part of the body's innate immune system. As the first line of defense against pathogens, they need to be transformed into a mature state under the control of various cell signaling molecules and transcription factors to play cytotoxic and immune regulatory roles. Under the interaction of activated receptors and inhibitory receptors, NK cells are activated to perform a direct cell killing effect by secreting perforin and granzyme, or indirectly eliminate pathogenic microorganisms in the body by secreting various cytokines, such as type I and type II interferons. These functions of NK cells play a very important role in antiviral and anti-autoimmune diseases, especially in anti-tumor.
Subject(s)
Humans , Killer Cells, Natural , Interferon-gamma , Apoptosis , Autoimmune Diseases , CytokinesABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo compare the differences in clinical characteristics between kidney deficiency and stasis obstruction syndrome and damp-heat stasis obstruction syndrome in patients with ankylosing spondylitis （AS）， thereby providing reference for clinical differentiation and treatment. MethodsThe clinical data of 2339 patients with AS were collected， including 1075 cases of kidney deficiency and stasis obstruction syndrome and 1264 cases of damp-heat stasis obstruction syndrome. The basic information including age， gender， course of disease， history of ophthalmia， family history and human leukocyte antigen B27 （HLA-B27） positive history， Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index （BASDAI） score， Bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index （BASFI） score， Bath ankylosing spondylitis measurement index （BASMI） score， Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 （DASS-21） score， single symptom score in terms of spinal pain， peripheral joint pain， tendon tenderness， morning stiffness degree and morning stiffness time， patient-reported outcomes including patient global assessment （PGA） score， chronic disease therapy function-fatigue scale （FACIT-F） score and night pain visual analog scale （VAS） score， laboratory indicators including serum C-reactive protein （CRP） and erythrocyte sedimentation rate （ESR）， and CT grading of sacroiliitis were measured and compared between groups. ResultsPatients with kidney deficiency and stasis obstruction syndrome were older and had a longer course of disease （P＜0.01）. The BASDAI， BASFI and BASMI scores of the patients with kidney deficiency and stasis obstruction syndrome were 3.84±1.79， 2.78±2.00 and 3.42±2.36， respectively， while those in patients with damp-heat stasis obstruction syndrome were 4.30±1.99， 3.43±2.12， and 2.92±1.76. The BASDAI score， BASFI score， PGA score， FACIT-F score， spinal pain score， peripheral arthralgia score， tendon tenderness score， morning stiffness degree score， depression score， anxiety score， and stress score in patients with damp-heat stasis obstruction syndrome were all higher than those with kidney deficiency and stasis obstruction syndrome， with longer duration of morning stiffness and higher CRP （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. BASMI score and night pain VAS score were more higher in patients with kidney deficiency and stasis obstruction syndrome （P＜0.01）. There was no significant difference in the ESR level and CT grading of the sacroiliac joint between the two groups （P＞0.05）. ConclusionAS patients with kidney deficiency and stasis obstruction syndrome have poorer spinal mobility， while those with damp-heat stasis obstruction syndrome have higher disease activity， poorer physical function， and are more prone to adverse psychological reactions.
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Objective@#To analyze the hematological characteristics of a patient with Hb Ottawa in conjunction with β-thalassemia.@*Methods@#Peripheral blood samples from the proband and her parents were collected and subjected to red blood cell analysis and hemoglobin electrophoresis. Genotypes of α- and β-globin genes were also analyzed.@*Results@#The proband and her mother were both heterozygotes for Hb Ottawa and β-thalassemia variant IVS II-654, and presented with typical β-thalassemia trait featuring hypochromic microcytic anemia. An abnormal hemoglobin band was detected upon electrophoresis.@*Conclusion@#Co-existence of Hb Ottawa and β-thalassemia may not aggravate the phenotype.
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OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the hematological characteristics of a patient with Hb Ottawa in conjunction with β -thalassemia.@*METHODS@#Peripheral blood samples from the proband and her parents were collected and subjected to red blood cell analysis and hemoglobin electrophoresis. Genotypes of α - and β -globin genes were also analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The proband and her mother were both heterozygotes for Hb Ottawa and β -thalassemia variant IVS II-654, and presented with typical β -thalassemia trait featuring hypochromic microcytic anemia. An abnormal hemoglobin band was detected upon electrophoresis.@*CONCLUSION@#Co-existence of Hb Ottawa and β -thalassemia may not aggravate the phenotype.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Genetic Testing , Hemoglobins, Abnormal , Genetics , Heterozygote , alpha-Globins , Genetics , beta-Globins , Genetics , beta-Thalassemia , GeneticsABSTRACT
Objective To explore the short and long-term efficacy of extralevator abdominoperineal excision (ELAPE)vs.conventional abdominoperineal excision (APE)on distal rectal cancer.Methods Relevant studies were identified by search of Medline,EMBASE,and Web of Science published between January 1,2008 and February 28,2015,and included in the systematic review and meta-analysis with Stata software (version 12.0). Results Our Meta-analysis included 14 studies involving 3278 patients,of whom 1843 (56.2%)underwent ELAPE and 1435 (43.8%)underwent APE.Compared with patients undergoing APE,those undergoing ELAPE had a significantly reduced risk of intraoperative bowel perforation (IBP)involvement (OR=0 .55 ,95% CI= 0 .37-0 .85 ),but no significant reduction in the occurrence of CRM positivity (OR=0 .81 ,95% CI=0 .52-1 .25 ), local recurrence (LR)(OR=0.49,95% CI=0.18-1.30),wound complications (WCs)(OR=0.93,95% CI=0.65-1.35)or in-hospital death (IHD)(OR=0.89,95% CI=0.47-1.71).Conclusion ELAPE can reduce the risk of IBP but not for CRM positivity or LR when compared with APE.Therefore,more higher-quality studies are needed to verify the short-and long-term effects of ELAPE procedure on distal rectal cancer.
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the role of clinical pharmacists in the treatment for patients with chronic renal failure. METHODS:Clinical pharmacists participated in the treatment process for a patient with chronic renal failure during uremia period;assisted physicians to optimize and improve therapy plan from correcting anemia,controlling blood pressure,improving heart func-tion and regulating ion disorder,etc.;suggested adding dosing frequence of Felodipine sustained-release tablet,Metoprolol tartrate tablet and Shenqiong glucose injection,and giving Benazepril hydrochloride tablet and Isosorbide 5-mononitrate sustained-release tablet. They also suggested adjusting the dosage of rhEPO and the dosage form of ferralia,increasing the dosage of Calcitriol cap-sule and Calcium carbonate tablet,decreasing dosing frequence of 5% Glucose injection and Levocarnitine for injection,and giv-ing Vitamine B12 tablet. Therapeutic efficacy and ADR should be observed closely during treatment,and medication education should be performed for the patient. RESULTS:Physicians adopted the suggestions of clinical pharmacists. The patient was im-proved and discharged from hospital with drugs 28 days later. CONCLUSIONS:Clinical pharmacists participate in the individual-ized treatment for patients with chronic renal failure and assist physicians to optimize therapy plan,which promote the clinical effec-tiveness and safety of drug treatment.
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Objective To conduct comparative study on the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects as well as the acute toxicity of yunaconitine and 8-deacetyl-yunaconitine isolated from the processed products of Aconiti Knsnezoffii Radix.Methods The methods of hot plate test and writhing test were used to evaluate the analgesic effect. Anti-inflammation action was observed by the models of auricle swelling caused by dimethylbenzene. LD50 was determined by the method of Bliss.Results Yunaconitine and 8-deacetyl-yunaconitine have analgesia effect on the pain caused by hot-plate, but there were no statistically significant difference. The pain caused by acetic acid had obvious analgesic action. High and low dose of yunaconitine could significantly reduce the number of mice body torsion and extend the incubation period of pain in mice. The effect of 8-deacetyl-yunaconitine was remarkable only in the high dose. Compared with solvent group, there were little differences in inhibiting effect of auricle swelling caused by dimethylbenzene, and anti-inflammatory action was not exact. The poisonousness of yunaconitine was nearly 20 times of 8-deacetyl-yunaconitine.Conclusion Yunaconitine and 8-deacetyl-yunaconitine may be the analgesic medicine for peripheral analgesic effect. The poisonousness of 8-deacetyl-yunaconitine is less than yunaconitine, the effect is remarkable to the pain caused by acetic acid, and the security is high.
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Objective To investigate the effect of rectal washout on prevention of local recurrence in patients with resectable rectal cancer.Methods Relevant studies published on PubMed,Embase database and Google between January 1980 and June 2013 were identified and reviewed.A meta-analysis was performed to compute the risk ratio (RR) and evaluate the effect of rectal washout on local recurrence in patients included in the reviewed studies.Results Eight studies were included in the meta-analysis,in which a total of 427 patients underwent rectal washout and 492 did not during rectal cancer resection.The patients had an overall local recurrence (LR) rate of 6.64 ％ (61/919).Rectal washout,no matter which type of washout solution was used,significantly reduced the risks of local recurrence (3.75 ％,16/427 vs 9.15 ％,45/492,RR =0.46,95 ％ CI =0.26-0.82,P =0.008).Patients with rectal washout showed a low LR rate,when compared with those in the three subgroups who underwent total mesorectal excision (TME) (5.18 ％,10/193 vs 5.32 ％,10/188).However,there was no statistically significant difference in the risk of LR among the three subgroups (RR =0.99,95 ％ CI =0.42-2.30,P =0.98; RR =0.44,95 ％ CI =0.18-1.04,P =0.06; RR =0.46,95 ％ CI =0.20-1.04,P =0.06,respectively).Conclusions The intra-operative rectal washout largely reduces local recurrence after anterior resection of rectal cancer.Rectal washout should be applied routinely during anterior resection.
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Objective To control the quality of Gongyankang granule.Methods Paconiflorin in Gongyankang granule was determined by HPLC,using a Phenomenex Prodigy Thermouest(250×4.6 mm 5μm BDS C18).Mobile phase was consisted of CH_2OH-H_2O-H_3PO_4(30:70:0.1)with the UV detector set at 230 nm.Results The paeoniflorin showed linear correlation(r=0.9998)within the range of 0.01026～0.06156mg.The average recovery rate was 99.12%with RSD of 1.61%.Conclusion This method was simple,accurate and with good reproducibility,thus it can be used for quality control of Gongyankang Granule.