ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the spatial distribution and identify the high risk areas of pulmonary tuberculosis at the township level in Beijing during 2005-2015.Methods Data on pulmonary tuberculosis cases was collected from the tuberculosis information management system.Global autocorrelation analysis,local indicators of spatial association and Kulldorff's Scan Statistics were applied to map the spatial distribution and detect the space-time clusters of the pulmonary tuberculosis cases during 2005-2015.Results Spatial analysis on the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis at the township level demonstrated that the spatial autocorrelation was positive during the study period.The values of Moran's I ranged from 0.224 3 to 0.291 8 with all the P values less than 0.05.Hotspots were primarily distributed in 8 towns/streets as follows:Junzhuang,Wangping,Yongding and Tanzhesi in Mentougou district,Yancun in Fangshan district,Wangzuo town in Fengtai district,Tianqiao street in Xicheng district and Tianzhu town in Shunyi district.Spatiotemporal clusters across the entire study period were identified by using Kulldorff's spatiotemporal scan statistic.The primary cluster was located in Chaoyang and Shunyi districts,including 17 towns/streets,as follows:Cuigezhuang,Maizidian,Dongfeng,Taiyanggong,Zuojiazhuang,Hepingjie,Xiaoguan,Xiangheyuan,Dongba,Jiangtai,Wangjing,Jinzhan,Jiuxianqiao,Laiguangying,Sunhe towns/streets in Chaoyang district,Houshayu and Tianzhu town in Shunyi district,during January to December 2005.Conclusion Incidence rates of pulmonary tuberculosis displayed spatial and temporal clusterings at the township level in Beijing during 2005-2015,with high risk areas relatively concentrated in the central and southern parts of Beijing.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the spatial distribution and identify the high risk areas of pulmonary tuberculosis at the township level in Beijing during 2005-2015.Methods Data on pulmonary tuberculosis cases was collected from the tuberculosis information management system.Global autocorrelation analysis,local indicators of spatial association and Kulldorff's Scan Statistics were applied to map the spatial distribution and detect the space-time clusters of the pulmonary tuberculosis cases during 2005-2015.Results Spatial analysis on the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis at the township level demonstrated that the spatial autocorrelation was positive during the study period.The values of Moran's I ranged from 0.224 3 to 0.291 8 with all the P values less than 0.05.Hotspots were primarily distributed in 8 towns/streets as follows:Junzhuang,Wangping,Yongding and Tanzhesi in Mentougou district,Yancun in Fangshan district,Wangzuo town in Fengtai district,Tianqiao street in Xicheng district and Tianzhu town in Shunyi district.Spatiotemporal clusters across the entire study period were identified by using Kulldorff's spatiotemporal scan statistic.The primary cluster was located in Chaoyang and Shunyi districts,including 17 towns/streets,as follows:Cuigezhuang,Maizidian,Dongfeng,Taiyanggong,Zuojiazhuang,Hepingjie,Xiaoguan,Xiangheyuan,Dongba,Jiangtai,Wangjing,Jinzhan,Jiuxianqiao,Laiguangying,Sunhe towns/streets in Chaoyang district,Houshayu and Tianzhu town in Shunyi district,during January to December 2005.Conclusion Incidence rates of pulmonary tuberculosis displayed spatial and temporal clusterings at the township level in Beijing during 2005-2015,with high risk areas relatively concentrated in the central and southern parts of Beijing.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the value of the ratio of optic nerve sheath diameter to eyeball transverse diameter (ONSD/ETD) in assessing intracranial pressure using ultrasound in the patients with brain injury.Methods Forty-six patients of both sexes with brain injury in the surgical intensive care unit,were selected.Craniotomy was performed within 24 h after admission to hospital,and the intracranial pressure probe was placed in the lateral cerebral ventricle of the enrolled patients who were aged 18-80 yr,with Glasgow Coma Scale score 3-15.ONSD and ETD were measured within 3 days after operation,three times a day,and the intracranial pressure was simultaneously recorded.The correlation between ONSD/ETD ratio and intracranial pressure were analyzed using the Pearson correlation analysis.The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the accuracy of ONSD/ETD ratio in assessing the intracranial hypertension (intracranial pressure＞20 mmHg).Results The ONSD/ETD ratio was positively correlated with intracranial pressure (r =0.720,P＜0.01).The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.900 (95％ confidence interval 0.854-0.946),and the threshold was 0.248 (sensitivity 89.4％,specificity 77.5％).Conclusion The ONSD/ETD ratio produces higher accuracy in assessing intracranial pressure in the patients with brain injury.