High-throughput screening of SARS-CoV-2 main and papain-like protease inhibitors

The global COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic has infected over 109 million people, leading to over 2 million deaths up to date and still lacking of effective drugs for patient treatment. Here, we screened about 1.8 million small molecules against the main protease (Mpro) and papain like protease (PLpro), two major proteases in severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 genome, and identified 1851Mpro inhibitors and 205 PLpro inhibitors with low nmol/l activity of the best hits. Among these inhibitors, eight small molecules showed dual inhibition effects on both Mpro and PLpro, exhibiting potential as better candidates for COVID-19 treatment. The best inhibitors of each protease were tested in antiviral assay, with over 40% of Mpro inhibitors and over 20% of PLpro inhibitors showing high potency in viral inhibition with low cytotoxicity. The X-ray crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro in complex with its potent inhibitor 4a was determined at 1.8 Å resolution. Together with docking assays, our results provide a comprehensive resource for future research on anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug development.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of COPD: A Scoping Review From 2011 to 2021

@#The aim of this review was to document the recently reported prevalence and risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the last ten years. A scoping review of studies released between 2011 and 2021 was done. The main findings on selected studies’ prevalence and risk factors were summarised. Thirty-seven studies in total were chosen. The overall data on COPD prevalence was 1.3-36.7%, and the average incidence rate was 9.1%. The risk factors of COPD prevalence were identified as unchangeable risk factors (gender, age, family history of respiratory and cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, and environmental temperature and humidity) and changeable risk factors (outdoor and indoor air pollution, cigarette smoking, occupational exposure, low education, low household income, obesity, underweight, physical inactivity, and cooking method). The highest changeable risk factors were cigarette smoking, indoor air pollution, and occupational exposure. In contrast, the lowest changeable risk factors were physical inactivity and cooking methods. Changeable risk factors significantly increase COPD risks. The COPD caused by household emissions from biofuel cooking in low-income rural areas deserves attention. Emphasis on healthy lifestyle interventions and economic and educational policies to reduce environmental impacts may prevent COPD.

Research on the construction of evaluation index system for "early clinical contact" education of undergraduate medical students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To construct the evaluation index system of "early clinical contact" education of undergraduate medical students, and to provide guidance for the evaluation of "early clinical contact" education in medical teaching.Methods:The evaluation index system of "early clinical contact" education of undergraduate medical students was constructed by literature research, Delphi expert consultation and analytic hierarchy process, and the weight of each index was determined. Excel 2010 and SPSS 25.0 were used to make data entry and statistical analysis.Results:The enthusiasm of experts in the two rounds of expert consultation were 100.00%(26/26) and 96.15%(25/26) respectively, the expert authority coefficients were 0.900 and 0.920, and the coordination coefficients were 0.255 and 0.175 respectively ( P < 0.05). The evaluation index system included 4 first-class indexes, 12 second-class indexes and 47 third-class indexes. Conclusion:The index system has high scientificity and reliability. After further verification, it can be used as an evaluation tool for the teaching quality of "early clinical contact" education of undergraduate medical students.

Reform of clinical medical talents cultivation model based on post competency: a case study of Guangxi Medical University / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Through the reform and practice of the "four-in-one" cultivation model of clinical medical talents, the training mode of applied high-quality medical and health talents with different orientations is established, and the curriculum teaching system suitable for the development of modern medical education is constructed to promote the reform of education and teaching. It solves the problems of single medical talents training mode, fragmentation of curriculum system, single teaching and training in teaching, and insufficient support for talent training. This reform established a set of curriculum system, teaching methods and evaluation methods to strengthen the cultivation of medical students' post competency, and achieved the goal of improving the quality of clinical medical personnel training in local medical colleges.

Acupoint selection rule of acupuncture therapy for relieving postoperative pain based on data mining / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To analyze the rule of acupoint selection for acupuncture in relieving postoperative pain based on data mining technology.Methods:Articles about acupuncture for postoperative pain were retrieved from CNKI, SinoMed, VIP, Wanfang, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases from establishment to June 6, 2022. Excel 2019 and SPSS Modeler 18.0 software were used to establish acupoints database and conduct the data analysis.Results:Totally 308 articles were obtained, involving 317 acupuncture prescriptions and 173 acupoints. Acupoints of bladder meridian, stomach meridian, large intestine meridian and spleen meridian were used frequently. Zusanli (ST 36), Hegu (LI 4) and Neiguan (PC 6) were high-frequency acupoints with a frequency of ≥50 times. Five-shu acupoint was often selected in specific acupoints. The common sites for acupuncture to relieve postoperative pain were abdomen, perianal, lumbar back and knee. Zusanli (ST 36), Neiguan (PC 6) and other acupoints were commonly used for abdominal postoperative pain, and the most commonly used combination was "Zusanli (ST 36)-Neiguan (PC 6)"; Chengshan (BL 57), Changqiang (GV 1) and other acupoints were often used for perianal postoperative pain, and "Chengshan (BL 57)-Changqiang (GV 1)" was highly correlated combination; Shenshu (BL 23) and Huantiao (GB 30) were commonly used for postoperative pain in the lumbar and back region, and acupoints with high correlation were "Ashi acupoint-Huantiao (GB 30)" and "Shenshu (BL 23)-Huantiao (GB 30)"; Xuehai (SP10) and Liangqiu (ST 34) were commonly used for postoperative pain of knee, and their compatibility had a high correlation.Conclusion:Acupuncture therapy for relieving postoperative pain often selects Yang meridians acupoints, and follows the principle of distal-proximal points combination and acupoint selection along meridians, and pays attention to the use of specific acupoints.

High-throughput screening identifies established drugs as SARS-CoV-2 PLpro inhibitors

A new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as the etiologic agent for the COVID-19 outbreak. Currently, effective treatment options remain very limited for this disease; therefore, there is an urgent need to identify new anti-COVID-19 agents. In this study, we screened over 6,000 compounds that included approved drugs, drug candidates in clinical trials, and pharmacologically active compounds to identify leads that target the SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro). Together with main protease (M

Effects of low-dose aspirin combined with letrozole on serum visfatin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and pregnancy rate in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome / 中国基层医药

Objective:To study the effect of low-dose aspirin combined with letrozole on serum visfatin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) and pregnancy rate in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods:From November 2016 to November 2018, 110 patients with PCOS in the Third People's Hospital of Datong were selected.According to the random number table, they were divided into the observation group(60 cases) and the control group(50 cases). The control group was treated with letrozole, while the observation group was given letrozole combined with low-dose aspirin.The patients were continuously treated for 3 menstrual cycles.The changes of the serum visfatin, MCP-1, sex hormones, uterine artery blood flow before and after treatment, pregnancy and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results:After treatment, the serum visfatin, MCP-1, testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH), LH/follicular estrogen (FSH), uterine arterial pulsation index (PI) and resistance index (RI) in the observation group were (11.03±2.17)ng/mL, (99.31±14.50)ng/L, (1.57±0.29)mmol/L, (6.57±1.30)U/L, (1.16±0.22), (1.07±0.24), (0.41±0.08), respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group[(15.57±2.56)ng/mL, (121.29±20.37)ng/L, (1.78±0.32)mmol/L, (8.40±1.88)U/L, (1.50±0.27), (1.45±0.29), (0.57±0.11)], the differences were statistically significant( t=10.068, 6.593, 3.608, 6.012, 7.278, 7.521, 8.815, all P<0.05). The ovulation rate and pregnancy rate in the observation group were 81.67%(49/60) and 35.00%(21/60), respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group[64.00%(32/50), 18.00%(9/50)](χ 2=4.385, 3.974, all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups( P>0.05). Conclusion:Low-dose aspirin combined with letrozole in the treatment of PCOS can effectively reduce the serum visfatin and MCP-1, regulate the sex hormones levels, improve uterine artery blood flow, improve pregnancy rate, and without increasing adverse drug reactions, so it's worthy of popularizing.

Analysis of malaria epidemic situation before and after malaria elimination in Qiandongnan Prefecture of Guizhou / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of malaria epidemic situation before and after malaria elimination in Qiandongnan Prefecture, and to provide the basis for establishment of effective strategies and measures to consolidate the achievements of malaria prevention and control.Methods:The data of malaria cases in 16 counties (cities) of Qiandongnan Prefecture from 2005 to 2018 were collected, and descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the infection rate of Plasmodium among local residents and floating population before (2005-2011) and after (2012-2018) elimination of malaria, and the characteristics of population distribution, seasonal distribution, species of Plasmodium and types of malaria vectors were analyzed. Results:Before elimination of malaria, total of 1 412 cases of malaria were reported, among those cases, 1 361 cases were local cases, accounting for 96.39% of the total cases. After elimination of malaria, total of 17 cases were reported, all of them were imported cases. After comparison of malaria cases before and after the elimination, the proportion of people aged from 18 to 60 was 70.54% (996/1 412) before the elimination, all 17 imported cases were 18-60 years old after the elimination, and the proportion of children/students decreased from 24.65% (348/1 412) before the elimination to 0 after the elimination. The peak incidence of malaria cases before the elimination was from June to October, and cases occurred every month. After the elimination, the imported cases were sporadic. Plasmodium vivax was the main species of Plasmodium before the elimination (98.58%, 1 392/1 412), and Plasmodium falciparum was mainly imported after the elimination (70.59%, 12/17). Before and after the elimination, Anopheles sinensis, the malaria vector, was the dominant population, but no distribution of Anopheles minimus and Anopheles anthropophagus was found after 2015. Conclusions:After the elimination of malaria in Qiandongnan Prefecture, there is a risk of local malaria cases caused by imported cases. It is suggested that local authorities should focus on the treatment of suspected malaria cases and vector surveillance of overseas returnees in the future.

Analysis of the Changes of Burden Factor Loading for Chronic Disease Inpatients before and after the Im-plementation of Zero Price Policy by Establishing Structure Equation Model / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To construct the structure equation model for the burden of chronic disease inpatients in primary hos-pital before and after the implementation of zero price policy,and analyze the changes of burden factor loading. METHODS:6 pri-mary hospitals were randomly selected in Danyang,Jiangsu province. The data of hospitalization expenses for chronic diseases(hy-pertension,diabetes,bronchitis)were collected before and after the implementation of zero price policy. Using drug cost,nursing fees,inspection fees and treatment fees as independent variables,hospitalization burden as latent variable,SPSS and AMOS 24.0 software were adopted to establish the model. RESULTS:The burden factor loading of inpatients changed greatly before and after the implementation of zero price policy. χ2=24.586,χ2/df=1.446, RMSEA=0.019,GFI=0.995,AGFI=0.989,CFI=0.988,NFI=0.963 manifested good model fitting. Factor loading of drug cost increased greatly,indicating the burden of inpatients was reduced after the implementation of zero price policy. Factor loading of inspection fees and treatment fees increased significantly,the charac-terization effects of them to the burden of inpatients were enhanced. Factor loading of nursing fees was the lowest,and it had the weakest effects on the burden of inpatients,of which the government should enhance the regulation. CONCLUSIONS:Established model has good reliability and validity. It can reflect the change of burden factor loading of inpatients before and after the implemen-tation of zero price policy.

The Economic Operation and Developing Trend of County-Level Public Hospitals of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in Guangxi Province / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study aimed at exploring the economic operation and developing trend of county-level public TCM hospitals in Guangxi Province,promoting the comprehensive reform of county-level public hospitals with feasible countermeasures and suggestions.In this study,forty-seven county-level public TCM hospitals were involved in the analysis of their economic operations and benefits by constituent ratio analysis,ratio analysis and trend analysis.As a result,the average gross income of the hospitals exceeded the total expenditure with a slight surplus.Drug income contributed the biggest share of the medical income,while the ratio of Chinese drug income to the medical income was increasing year by year.The debt ratio increased from 38.7％ in 2009 up to 44.6％ in 2013,being over 30％ in this period.In conclusion,it was demonstrated that problems were found in the lack of financial assistance,the low efficiency of economic management and the increasing average medical charges,which should be addressed by increasing investments to TCM hospitals,strengthening the performance appraisal and adjusting the charges of TCM medical services.

Research progress of traditional Chinese medicineconstitutional types and related factors in the elderly / 国际中医中药杂志

This paper summarized the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) constitutional types and related factors in the elderly. It sumed up the distribution characteristics of the elderly constitutional types and the correlation between constitution and the disease. This paper helped to improve the health of the elderly, to prevent and control of chronic disease sooner, and to show the TCM advantages of "abidance by triple pathogens".

Research progress of traditional Chinese medicineconstitutional types and related factors in the elderly / 国际中医中药杂志

This paper summarized the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) constitutional types and related factors in the elderly. It sumed up the distribution characteristics of the elderly constitutional types and the correlation between constitution and the disease. This paper helped to improve the health of the elderly, to prevent and control of chronic disease sooner, and to show the TCM advantages of "abidance by triple pathogens".

Clinical value in early diagnosis of myocardial damage with h-FABP, cTnI, Mb and CK-Mb joint detection to HFMD in children / 中国医学装备

Objective:To explore the early diagnostic value of joint detection heart type fatty acid binding protein (h-FABP), troponin (cTnI), myoglobin (Mb) and creatine kinase isoenzyme Mb (CK-Mb) in children's hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) combined myocardial injury.Methods: Choice 276 cases of HFMD as observation group, and 40 healthy children as control group. Were determined h-FABP, cTnI, Mb and CK-Mb content in serum at different time, analysis of various index level differences and dynamic change between groups in different period.Results: Among 276 patients with HFMD, 57 cases of diagnosed myocarditis, concurrent rate was 20.65%. Within 0~3 hrs, abnormal rate of h-FABP, cTnI, Mb and CK-Mb in serum were 20.29%,1.81%,14.86% and 2.90%, in 276 cases of children with HFMD. The abnormal rate of h-FABP and Mb was obviously higher than that of cTnI and CK-Mb, the results between the difference was statistically significant (x2=35.132,x2=37.063,P<0.01),h-FABP abnormal rate is higher than CK-Mb, the difference was statistically significant(x2=3.175,P<0.05). the,serum h-FABP cTnI, Mb and CK-Mb concentrations in children of HFDM combined with suspicious viral myocarditis were significantly higher than that of control group, the difference had statistical significance (t=37.625,t=23.172,t=17.261,t=18.724,P<0.01). H-FABP and Mb concentration on HFMD combined myocarditis began to rise after the occurrence of 0~3 h, 4~9 h to peak, CTnI and CK-MB 4~9 h to rise, 10~12 h to peak, has been in a higher level in the 12~72 h.Conclusion: HFMD combined myocarditis had a higher incidence, h-FABP is the most sensitive indicator of early diagnosis, followed by Mb. CTnI and CK-MB are parameters of diagnosis sensitivity for HFMD combined with myocarditis in middle-late period.

Study on the demand of general practitioners'professional skills in Guangxi / 中国基层医药

Objective To study the demand of general doctors'professional skill in Guangxi Zhuang autonomaus region,and to enhance the professional skills and overall quality of general practitioners in Guangxi,thus to improve grassroots'health service capacity.Methods Through self -designed questionnaires and personal interviews,the author investigated the professional skills of general practitioners in rural township hospitals and urban community health service centers in Guangxi.Results The characteristics of the general practitioners in Guangxi were junior college degree,junior titles,youth and middle -aged.Part of the general practitioners thought that working with the guide of community health informationteaching abilityand the corresponding scientific research capabilitiesdid not belong to the scope of the general practitioners'professional skills demand,the percentage of these were 2%, 22%,26%.The teaching ability and the corresponding scientific ability of the general practitioner who were greater than 30 years,junior college degree and middle grade title and above,were better than the practitioners who were 20 -30 years,technical secondary degree,primary title(χ2 =12.886,1.945,57.473,53.276,30.458,29.141,all P <0.05).The general practitioners in Guangxi had a light awareness of teaching,scientific researching and other aspects.Conclusion We must emphasis on continuous medical education;establish and improve the system of general practitioners;establish and improve the two -way referral system.General practitioners must pay more attention on teaching and scientific researching.

Analgesia effect of combination of continuous femoral nerve block and oral analgesics after total knee ar-throplasty / 临床麻醉学杂志

Objective To observe the analgesia effect of combination of continuous femoral nerve block and oral analgesics after total knee arthroplasty and the impact on early rehabilitation of knee.Methods Sixty patients scheduled for unilateral total knee arthroplasty were randomly divided into two groups.One group was the multimodal analgesia group (group M)and the other was patient controlled intravenous analgesia group (PCIA)(group Ⅰ),30 patients in each group.In group M, patients were given celecoxib (200 mg,bid)and oxycodone (10 mg,bid)two days before operation, then received continuous femoral nerve block followed by oral acetaminophen (100 mg,tid)and oxyc-odone (20 mg,bid)three days after operation.In group I,patients took no medicine before operation and only received PCIA after operation.The two groups were compared with postoperative visual ana-logue scale(VAS)scores at 6,12,24,48 h at rest,during active training and continuous passive movement,range of motion of the knee joint during active training and continuous passive movement, the first time of ambulation,length of hospital stay,range of motion of the knee joint at hospital dis-charge and the incidence of complications.Intravenous dezocine 5 mg was given when VAS score was higher than 5,which was recorded.Results Compared with group Ⅰ,the VAS scores at rest,during active and continuous passive movement at postoperative 6,12,24,48 and 72 h in group M were de-creased significantly (P <0.05).The range of motion of the knee joint during active training and con-tinuous passive movement at postoperative 24,48 and 72 h in group M was increased significantly(P<0.05).The first time of ambulation(2.5±0.8)d and length of hospital stay(9.1±2.3)d in group M were shorter significantly than the first time of ambulation (3.3 ±0.7)d and length of hospital stay (10.8±2.0)d in group I (P <0.05 ).The range of motion of the knee joint(95.6 ± 1 7.2)°in group M at hospital discharge was greater significantly than the range of motion of the knee joint (82.5± 1 5.2 )° in group I (P < 0.05 ).The incidence of nausea and vomiting (3.3%),uroschesis (6.7%)in group M was lower significantly than the incidence of nausea and vomiting (30.0%), uroschesis (26.7%)(P < 0.05 ).Additional use dezocine (3.3%)was lower significantly than additional use dezocine (40.0%)(P <0.05).Conclusion Compared to patient controlled intravenous analgesia,combination of continuous femoral nerve block and oral analgesics can effectively alleviate postoperative pain in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty,which is beneficial to early postop-erative knee function recovery.

Microfluidic chip digital PCR technology and its clinical application / 中华检验医学杂志

Microfluidics-based digital PCR depends on microfluidic chip to split PCR reaction mixture into many tiny equal-volume units.Quantitative assessment of target DNA template can be obtained by counting the number of fluorescence-positive units after thermocycling.Microfluidics-based digital PCR exhibits many advantages including absolute quantification, high sensitivity and accuracy, and shows great promise in a variety of applications, such as infectious diseases diagnose, early cancer detection and prenatal diagnose. There are already several microfludics-based digital PCR products produced from sereval companies.It is believed that as the technology improves, microfluidics-based digital PCR will find broader applications and become the next-generation tool for genetic tests.

Advances in research on testis toxicity produced by cyclosporine A / 军事医学

Cyclosporine A( CsA) , as an immune inhibitor, is commonly used after organ transplantation.It has been found that the long-term use of CsA produced serious testicular toxicity and affected the fertility of organ transplantation patients.In order to investigate male reproductive damage induced by CsA, this article reviews its impact on reproductive organ development, its damage mechanism on the male reproductive system and drug research for alleviating its reproductive toxicity.It helps to make medical workers pay more attention to reproductive toxicity produced by CsA and make their efforts to develop some special drugs to lessen CsA reproductive toxicity.

Euphorbia fischeriana extract reactivates latent HIV through nuclear factor-κB pathway / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Euphorbia fischeriana extract on latent HIV reactivation and the pathway involved in this process and discuss the value of Euphorbia fischeriana extract in eliminating HIV.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fresh tissues of Euphorbia fischeriana root were crushed into powder after quick freezing with liquid nitrogen and extracted with acetone followed by a three-day vacuum freeze-drying for dehydration of the extract. The extract (EFE) was separated using RP-C18 column with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and identified with mass spectrometry (MS). The activity of reactivated latent HIV was analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting in a J-Lat 10.6 cell model treated with EFE (50 µg/mL) for 24 h, using TNF-α (10 ng/mL) as the positive control. The effect of a NF-κB pathway inhibitor (Bay 11-7082) on EFE activity was tested. The changes in P65 expression in the cell nuclei within 2 h and HIV protein p24 expression within 24 h were analyzed by Western blotting in cells treated with EFE.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>EFE was obtained by one-step acetone extraction, and the concentration of prostratin in the extract was around 0.53 mmol/L. About 50% of the cells showed HIV reactivation after treatment with 50 µg/mL EFE for 24 h accompanied by a significantly increased p24 expression. The activity of EFE in reactivating latent HIV was inhibited by Bay 11-7082 in a concentration-dependent manner, and p65 accumulation was detected in the cell nuclei within 2 h.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EFE we obtained contains the active compounds of prostratin and its analogues and shows a strong capacity to reactivate latent HIV through classical NF-κB pathway.</p>

Analysis of hospitalization costs of patients with diabetic foot ulcer and influencing factors / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To explore the hospitalization costs of patients with diabetic foot ulcer and analyze key influencing factors.Methods A total of 570 diabetic foot inpatients were recruited from January 2008 to March 2012 for analysis of the relationship between their hospitalization costs and clinical symptoms.The multifactor regression analysis model was used to identify main influencing factors for their hospitalization costs.Results The medical costs of such inpatients amounted to 1 9 825.6 yuan (12 476.6~32 745.9)yuan,while average hospitalization costs of the 3 401 diabetic patients admitted over the same period were but 9 757.1 yuan (6 282.1 ~ 1 5 723.7 )yuan,a difference of statistic significance.The single-factor analysis found statistical differences from the differences of hospitalization among various age,occupation,dorsal artery of foot,B ultrasound of lower extremity arteries,wagner classification,amputation,transfer,leucocyte,hemoglobin,serum albumin,serum creatinine and high density lipoprotein.Multifactor analysis found that the significant factors influencing the medical costs of inpatients were days of stay,albumin,wagner classification,dorsal artery of foot,leucocyte and age. Conclusion Hypoalbuminemia,high stage of wagner classification,weak or absent pulsation of foot dorsal artery,severe infection and aging were significant factors contributing to higher medical costs of hospitalization for patients with diabetic foot ulcer.

Antibiotic resistance patterns of uropathogens in 141 children hospitalized with complicated urinary tract infection / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To investigate the distribution and antibiotic resistance patterns of uropathogens in children with complicated urinary tract infection to guide the empirical antimicrobial treatment.Methods Retrospective analysis of isolated bacteria from 141 children hospitalized with complicated urinary tract infection was performed from January 2011 to January 2013.Results Gram-negative bacillus were the main pathogens [56.6％(81/143)],and Escherichia coli was the leading cause (41.3％,59/143).Gram-positive bacillus accounted for 38.5％ (55/143),including Enterococcus faecium (17.5％,25/143) and Enterococcus faecalis (14.7％,21/143).Fungi caused 4.9％ (7/143) of the infections.The resistance of Escherichia coli to amoxicillin was the highest [92.0％ (23/25)] and resistance to imipenem (4.3％,2/47),amikacin (6.8％,4/59) and nitrofurantoin (6.8％,4/59) was lower.It was observed resistance of Enterococcus faecium to linezolid,quinupristin,vancomycin and nitrofurantoin was significantly lower than other common antibiotics.The resistance of Enterococcus faecalis to quinupristin,tetracycline,erythromycin,rifampicin was significantly higher than other common antibiotics.Concluusions Escherichia coli,Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis are the common uropathogens.These pathogens have a high antibiotic resistance to many common antibiotics.The selection of empirical treatment of children with complicated urinary tract infection should be adjusted by antimicrobial susceptibility test.