ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE：To establish the UPLC fingerprint of Polygonum cuspidatum ，and to determine the contents of four active ingredients and to provide reference for the quality evaluation of P. cuspidatum . METHODS ：The determination was performed on Waters BEH C 18 column（100 mm×2.1 mm，1.7 μm）with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.2％ formic acid （gradient elution ）at flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The column temperature was 40 ℃，and detection wavelength was 290 nm. The sample size was 1 μL. The fingerprints were evaluated by similarity calculation，cluster analysis and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA）. Using polydatin as internal standard ，relative calibration factors of resveratrol ，emodin-8-O- β-D-glucoside and emodin were determined to develop a method of QAMS. The contents of 4 above components in 15 batches of P. cuspidatum were calculated by relative calibration factors. The results of QAMS were compared with those of external standard. RESULTS：UPLC fingerprints of 15 batches of P. cuspidatum were established ，and 12 common peaks were confirmed. Five components were identified ，i.e. polydatin ，resveratrol，emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside，emodin，emodin methyl ether. The fingerprint similarity of 15 batches of P. cuspidatum was in the range of 0.865-0.976. According to cluster analysis ，15 batches of P. cuspidatum were classified into 4 categories，showing certain regularity of origin. Seven markers were identified by OPLS-DA method. The order of difference significance was peak 7＞emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside＞resveratrol＞peak 8＞polydatin＞peak 1＞ peak 10. The relative deviation among the contents of resveratrol ，emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside and emodin in 15 batches of P. cuspidatum determined by QAMS and external standard method was less than 5.0％，indicating that there was no significant difference between the two methods. CONCLUSIONS ：UPLC fingerprint combined with QAMS method is convenient and reliable for the quality evaluation of P. cuspidatum ；the quality of P. cuspidatum produced in Chongqing and Anhui province is better.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical effect of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and pressure pump on perioperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with hip fracture and analyze the effect of LMWH on coagulation function. Methods Retrospective analysis of 95 cases hip fractures patients with clinical data, according to the preventive medication of DVT were divided into LMWH group of 42 cases and LMWH joint pressure pump group of 53 cases. The incidence rate of DVT and the degree of limb swelling after operation in two groups were observed. The differences of blood coagulation function indexes, blood rheology and hip function recovery were compared between the two groups. Results The the incidence rate of DVT in combination group was 1.89% (1 cases ), lower than LMWH group of 14.29% (6 cases )(χ2=5.278,P=0.022). After two weeks' treatment, the difference of anterior thigh circumference and calf circumference in combination group was less than LMWH group (P<0.05). The prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in two groups post-treatment were lower than those pre-treatment, the D-dimer (D-D) was higher than that pre-treatment(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between two groups. After 3 months' treatment, the Harris functional independence measure (FIM) in combination group was higher than that in LMWH group (P<0.05). Conclusion LMWH combined with pressure pump could significantly reduce the incidence of perioperative DVT in patients with hip fracture, improve the blood coagulation function and hip function.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:For treatment of spinal cord injury, exogenous neural stem cell transplantation still faces many problems.Thus, the strategy of supplementary treatment of activating exogenous neural stem cells has been a hot focus.It has been found that lithium chloride can significantly inhibit differentiation and promote proliferation of neural stem cells, whose effects are correlated to Wnt signal pathway.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of lithium on endogenous neural stem cells after spinal cord injury in rats.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING:The randomized controlled animal study was performed at the Central Laboratory, Zhujiang Hospital from March to August 2008.MATERIALS:A total of 55 adult female Wistar rats were assigned into normal control group(n=5), simple injury group(n=25), and lithium chloride group(n=25).Lithium chloride was purchased from Guanghua, Guangzhou, China.METHODS:In the simple injury group and lithium chloride group, rat models of acute spinal cord injury at T10 segment were made by Allens method.From 1 hour following model induction, rats in the lithium chloride group received 3 mmol/kg per day lithium chloride through intraperithoneal injection.Samples were directly obtained.In the simple injury group, rats received an equal volume of saline.Rats in the normal control group were left intact.24 hours before samples were obtained, rats in each group were intraperitoneally injected with Brdu solution for labeling, once every 8 hours, totally 3 times.Spinal cord at 5 mm from the center of damage region received Brdu, catenin immunohistochemistry.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:BrdU-positive cell number and area of catenin-positive expression were measured.RESULTS:There were a few Brdu-positive cells and less expression of catenin in the center canal and adventitia of spinal cord in the normal control group.Many Brdu-positive cells and a little expression of catenin were found in gray matter and ependyma of injury area in the simple injury group 24 hours after model induction, which reached the peak at 1 week, and declined gradually at 2 weeks.Just a few Brdu-positive cells and little expression of catenin existed at 4 weeks.Compared with the simple injury group, there was no difference in Brdu-positive cells and the expression of catenin at 24 hours following model induction in the lithium chloride group.There were more Brdu-positive cells and the expression of catenin in the center canal and adventitia of spinal cord at 1 week(P