Assessment of the local blood supply when femoral neck fracture occurs:advances in the anatomy research and its clinical application / 中国骨伤

The stability of internal fixation of femoral neck fractures can be obtained through surgical techniques, the configuration of screws and bone grafting, etc. However, the blood supply injury caused by fractures could not be completely reversed by the current medical management. Hence, the comprehensive evaluation of the residual blood supply of the femoral neck, to perioperatively avoid further iatrogenic injury, has become a hotspot. The anatomy of the extraosseous blood supply of the femoral neck has been widely reported, while its clinical application mostly involved the assessment of the medial circumflex femoral artery and retinacular arteries. However, further studies are needed to explore the prognosis of patients with these artery injuries, with different degrees, caused by femoral neck fractures. Direct observations of nutrient foramina in vivo are not possible with current clinical technologies, but it is possible to make reasonable preoperative planning to avoid subsequent femoral head necrosis based on the distribution features of nutrient foramina. The anatomy and clinical application studies of the intraosseous blood supply focused on the junction area of the femoral head and neck to probe the mechanism of femoral head necrosis. Thus, the intraosseous blood supply of other regions in the femoral neck remains to be further investigated. In addition, a blood supply evaluation system based on a three-level structure, extraosseous blood vessels, nutrient foramina, and intraosseous vascular network, could be explored to assist in the treatment of femoral neck fractures.

Review of closed reduction techniques for femoral neck fracture / 中国骨伤

For patients with femoral neck fractures who plan to undergo internal fixation, satisfied alignment of fracture ends is an important prerequisite for internal fixation stability and fracture healing. There are many reports on the reduction methods of displaced femoral neck fractures, which can be summarized into three categories:First, the solely longitudinal traction of lower limbs, supplemented by other manipulations such as rotation and compression; Second, the resultant force formed by the longitudinal traction of lower limbs and the lateral traction;the third is accomplished by vertical traction in the axis of femur with hip joint flexed. Each reduction method has its own advantages, but no single method can be applied to all fracture displacement. In this paper, some classical reduction techniques in the literatures are briefly reviewed. It is hoped that clinicians will not be limited to a certain reduction method, they should analyze the injury mechanism and fracture displacement process according to the morphology features and flexibly select targeted reduction methods to improve the success rate of closed reduction of femoral neck fracture.

Comparison of effect between internal fixation and total hip replacement in the treatment of displaced femoral neck fracture in middle age patients / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze and compare the clinical efficacy of internal fixation and total hip replacement in the treatment of displaced femoral neck fracture from 55 to 65 years.@*METHODS@#From September 2016 to August 2020, 86 patients with Garden type Ⅲ or Ⅳ femoral neck fracture were divided into two groups according to different surgical methods. Among them, 38 patients were treated with lag screws for internal fixation, there were 26 males and 12 females, aged 55 to 64 years old with an average of(60.2±3.1) years;the other 48 patients were treated with total hip replacement, including 28 males and 20 females, aged from 57 to 65 years old with an average of(61.3±3.8) years. The time from injury to operation ranged from 1 to 3 days. The reoperation rate, incidence of deep infection, Harris score of hip joint function, visual analogue scale(VAS) of pain and patients reported outcome scores(European five-dimensional Health Questionnaire, EQ-5D) were compared between two groups.@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up for 24 to 54 months with an average of (35.8±10.3) months. There was significant difference in reoperation rate between two groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference on the incidence of deep infection, hip Harris score and VAS between two groups(P>0.05) . The postoperative EQ-5D score of patients with internal fixation was lower than that of total hip replacement, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Both the surgery of internal fixation and total hip replacement have similar effect in short-and medium term among the patients aged 55 to 65 years old. However, for the reoperation rate, the group of internal fixation was higher than that of total hip replacement. For the subjective functional score of patients, the group of internal fixation was lower than that of total hip replacement.

Comparison of diagnostic criteria for acute kidney injury in critically ill children / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: The kidney disease: improving global outcome (KDIGO) and pediatric reference change value optimized for acute kidney injury (pROCK) criteria were used to evaluate the incidence, stages and mortality of acute kidney injury (AKI). The differences between the 2 criteria were compared for exploring the value of pROCK criteria in diagnosing pediatric AKI and predicting adverse outcomes. Methods: In the multicenter prospective clinical cohort study, we collected general data and clinical data such as serum creatinine values from 1 120 children admitted to 4 PICUs of Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, and Xuzhou Children's Hospital from September 2019 to February 2021. AKI was defined and staged according to the KDIGO and pROCK criteria. The incidence of AKI, the consistency of AKI definite diagnosis and stages, and the mortality in PICU were compared between the 2 groups. The chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was applied for comparison between 2 groups. The Cohen's Kappa and Weighted Kappa analyses were used for evaluating diagnostic consistency. The Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between AKI and mortality. Results: A total of 1 120 critically ill children were included, with an age of 33 (10, 84) months. There are 668 boys and 452 girls. The incidence of AKI defined by the KDIGO guideline was higher than that defined by pROCK criteria (27.2%(305/1 120), 14.7%(165/1 120), χ2=52.78, P<0.001). The concordance rates of the 2 criteria for the diagnosis of AKI and AKI staging were 87.0% (κ=0.62) and 79.7% (κ=0.58), respectively. Totally 63 infants with AKI stage 1 defined by the KDIGO guideline were redefined as non-AKI by following the pROCK criteria. The PICU mortality rate of these infants was similar to patients without AKI defined by KDIGO guideline(P=0.761). After adjusting for confounders, AKI defined by KDIGO or pROCK criteria was an independent risk factor of death in PICU (AHR=2.04, 2.73,95%CI 1.27-3.29, 1.74-4.28, both P<0.01), and the risk of death was higher when using the pROCK compared with the KDIGO criteria. As for the KDIGO criteria, mild AKI was not associated with the mortality in PICU (P=0.702), while severe AKI was associated with increased mortality (P<0.001). As for the pROCK criteria, both mild and severe AKI were risk factors of PICU death in children (HR=3.51, 6.70, 95%CI 1.94-6.34, 4.30-10.44, both P<0.001). In addition, The AKI severity was positively associated with the mortality. Conclusions: The AKI incidence and staging varied depending on the used diagnostic criteria. The KDIGO definition is more sensitive, while the pROCK-defined AKI is more strongly associated with high mortality rate.

The COMPASS Core Member Ash2l Regulates the Cell Cycle of Neural Progenitor Cells / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

To investigate the role of Ash2l (absent, small, or homeotic 2-like, Ash2l) on the proliferation ability and cell cycle of mouse cerebral cortical neural progenitor cells (NPCs), We examined the number and distribution of NPCs, using the radial glial cell marker PAX6 and intermediate progenitor cell marker TBR2. E16. 5 mice were labeled with EdU for 30 min to detect the proliferation ability of NPCs. Conditional knockout of Ash2l resulted in a dramatic reduction in the number of NPCs and a disordered distribution. The 30 min EdU insertion experiment showed that EdU could hardly be inserted into NPCs, indicating that the proliferation ability of NPCs was severely affected. Using the mitotic cell cycle marker pH3, the distribution of dividing NPCs was observed. We then detected the expressed level of Cyclin A by Western blotting. The distribution of cell nuclei of M-phase is disordered and the expression of G

One new coumarin from seeds of Herpetospermum pedunculosum / 中国中药杂志

This paper aims to investigate the chemical constituents of the seeds of Herpetospermum pedunculosum. One new coumarin and two known lignans were isolated from the ethanolic extract of the seeds of H. pedunculosum with thin layer chromatography(TLC), silica gel column chromatography, Sephedax LH-20 chromatography, Semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography and recrystallization, etc. Their structures were elucidated as herpetolide H(1), phyllanglaucin B(2), and buddlenol E(3) by analysis of their physicochemical properties and spectral data. Among them, compound 1 was a new compound, and compounds 2 and 3 were isolated from this genus for the first time. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity test showed that herpetolide H had certain NO inhibitory activity for LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, with its IC_(50) value of(46.57±3.28) μmol·L~(-1).

FLASH Binds p53 and Enhances its Transcriptional Activity / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

As an important transcription factor, the tumor suppressor protein p53 is involved in multiple biological processes such as cell cycle regulation, cell division, cell senescence and DNA repair The functional roles of p53 under various physiological conditions are inseparable from the assistance of many cofactors, which can regulate the protein modification, cellular sub-localization, and protein stability of p53 Therefore, the identification of p53-binding protein(s) has important biological significance for further understanding the signal transduction network of p53 in vivo. In the present study, a novel p53-binding protein, FADD-like interleukin-1β-converting enzyme associated huge protein (FLASH) was identified through a yeast two-hybrid screen The protein-protein interaction and the structural basis of the interaction between FLASH and p53 was also confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation analysis These studies have shown that p53 can simultaneously interact with both FLASH-N1 (aa 1 ~ 200) and FLASH-C1 (aa 1 534 ~ 1 780) In addition, both of FLASH-N and FLASH-C can interact with the same region of p53 (aa 293 ~ 393) Transcription analysis has revealed that the full length of FLASH and FLASH-M (aa 921 ~ 1533) can enhance the transcription activity of p53 In summary, FLASH can bind to p53 and enhance its transcriptional activity

Effects of the injectable glycol-chitosan based hydrogel on the proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp cells / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To prepare glycol-chitosan (GC)-based single/dual-network hydrogels with different composition ratios (GC31, DN3131 and DN6262) and to investigate the effects of hydrogel scaffolds on biological behavior of human dental pulp cell (hDPC) encapsulated.@*METHODS@#GC-based single-network hydrogels (GC31) and GC-based dual-network hydrogels (DN3131, DN6262) with different composition ratios were prepared. The injectability was defined as the average time needed to expel a certain volume of hydrogel under a constant force. The degradation of the hydrogel was determined by the weight loss with time. The fracture stress was measured using a universal testing machine. The proliferation of hDPCs in hydrogels was detected using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method and CalceinAM/PI Live/Dead assay. After 14 days of odontoblastic induction, the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1) was detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (real-time RT-PCR) and the mineralized nodules was observed by Von Kossa staining.@*RESULTS@#The injectability of all three groups of hydrogels was acceptable. The time of injection of GC31 was the shortest, and that of DN6262 was longer than DN3131 (P<0.05). The degradation rate of GC31 hydrogel in vitro was significantly faster than that of the dual-network hydrogel groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between DN3131 and DN6262 (P>0.05). The compressive resistance failure point of GC31 group was 1.10 kPa, while it was 7.33 kPa and 43.30 kPa for DN3131 and DN6262. The compressive strength of dual-network hydrogel was significantly enhanced compared with single-network hydrogel. hDPCs were in continuous proliferation in all the three groups, and the GC31 group showed a higher proliferation rate (P<0.05). The expression levels of DSPP, DMP-1 and ALP in the dual-network hydrogel groups (DN3131, DN6262) were significantly higher than that of GC31 after culturing for 14 days (P<0.05), there was no difference in the expression levels of DMP-1 and ALP between DN3131 and DN6262 (P>0.05); Von Kossa staining showed that more mineralization deposition and mass-shaped mineralized nodules formed in DN3131 and DN6262, while only light brown calcium deposition staining was observed in GC31 group, which was scattered in granular forms.@*CONCLUSION@#GC-based single/dual network hydrogels with different composition ratios met the injectable requirements. GC31 group had a lower mechanical properties, in which hDPCs exhibited a higher proliferation rate. dual-network hydrogels had slower degradation rate and higher mechanical properties, in which hDPCs exhibited better odontoblastic differentiation potential and mineralization potential.

Distribution of archaeal community in the mud pit during strong-flavor baijiu fermentation / 生物工程学报

Multi-species solid-state fermentation in a mud pit is one of the typical features of strong-flavor baijiu, in which archaea plays important roles, however, the archaeal community distribution and diversity during fermentation are still lack of research. The biomass, composition and succession of archaea communities in fermented grains and pit mud were analyzed by high throughput sequencing. The potential interaction between archaea and bacteria was analyzed by co-occurrence network. Results demonstrate that the average biomass of archaea in pit mud was about 200 times higher than that of fermented grains. There was no significant difference in archaeal community structure between fermented grains and pit mud (r=0.017, P=0.074), but succession patterns between them showed significant correlation (r=0.30, P=0.03). Methanobacterium was the most abundant archaea in fermented grains and pit mud, and other dominant groups included Methanosarcina, Methanocorpusculum, Methanoculleus, and Methanobrevibacter. The co-occurrence network analysis showed that Methanobacterium was positively correlated with most bacteria in fermented grains and pit mud, especially with Hydrogenispora and Caproiciproducens, the dominant bacteria in pit mud. Our results revealed the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and potential functions of the archaeal community in the mud pit of strong-flavor baijiu.

Analysis of CDSS Experimental Indexes in 333 Cases of Newly Diagnosed Acute Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the 5 experimental indexes of CDSS in the patients with acute leukemia (AL) so as to provide the laboratorial basis for the early diagnosis and treatment of the secondary DIC in AL.@*METHODS@#Three hundred and thirty three patients with AL were divided into 7 groups, such as AML-M1-M5, other AML and ALL. The experimental indexes and CDSS scores of all AL groups were compared and analyzed in pairs, meanwhile 100 healthy persons were taken in the control group. Clinical events such as early death in all cases were also analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The highest positive rate of Platelet was 59.76%, among the 5 experimental indexes, followed by D-D (30.93%), and the lowest APTT with only 2.70%. Compared with the control group, the differences of remaining indexes were statistically significant (P＜0.01), except APTT in group AML-M3 and FIB in the other AML groups. The score of laboratory index was (1.50±1.51) in all AL patients, and the positive rate of overt DIC ( score≥4) was 14.11% ( 47 cases). The highest score of CDSS was (3.34 ±1.71) in group AML-M3. The difference in the incidence of early death and cerebral (pulmonary) hemorrhage in DIC patients were statistically significant (P＜0.05 and P＜0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The application of quantitative integral method of experimental indexes in CDSS is objective and feasible, which is of great significance for early diagnosis and early treatment of acute leukemia complicated with DIC.

Umbilical therapy combined with moxibustion for autumn diarrhea in children / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the efficacy differences between moxibustion combined with umbilical therapy and oral administration of montmorillonite powder (smecta) on diarrhea symptoms in children of different ages.@*METHODS@#A total of 120 children were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 60 cases in each group. In the observation group, the children aged under 3 years old were treated with moxibustion at Shenque (CV 8), Zhongwan (CV 12) and Tianshu (ST 25), and each acupoint was treated for less than 3 min, and the total treatment duration was no more than 10 min; the children aged between 3 to 7 years old were treated with moxibustion at Shenque (CV 8), Zhongwan (CV 12), Tianshu (ST 25), Guanyuan (CV 4), Zusanli (ST 36), Pishu (BL 20), Shenshu (BL 23) and Dachangshu (BL 25), each acupoint was treated for less than 3 min, and the total treatment duration was no more than 20 min. After moxibustion, traditional Chinese medicine patch (clove, cinnamon, rhizoma zingiberis, fructus evodiae, hawthorn, rhizoma atractylodis) was applied at Shenque (CV 8). For the children under 1 year old, the medical bag with 30 g powder was heated to 50 ℃ and used for about 30 min; for children over 1 year old, 2-5 g powder was mixed with vinegar and used for 4-8 h each time. The treatment was given once a day, three times as a course of treatment, and a total of one course of treatment was given. The children in the control group were treated with oral administration of montmorillonite powder, 3 g per day for children under 1 year old, 3-6 g per day for children aged 1-2 years old and 6-9 g per day for children over 2 years old. The montmorillonite powder was taken three times a day for 3 days. The diarrhea symptom scores before and after treatment were observed and the clinical efficacy was evaluated. From the first treatment, the recovery cases and recovery time in the two groups were recorded, the recovery cases and recovery time in acute and chronic stages were compared between different age groups. The recurrence was observed 3 months after treatment.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the diarrhea symptom score after treatment was decreased in the observation group (0.05). After treatment, the score of diarrhea symptoms in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (0.05). The recovery time of different age stages and average recovery time in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group (1 year old and ≤5 years old and average recovery time in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group (<0.05), while the average recovery time of children in chronic stage in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group (<0.05). Three months after treatment, the recurrence rate was 0% (0/36) in acute phase and 4.8% (1/21) in chronic phase in the observation group, which were superior to 9.7% (3/31) in acute phase and 46.7% (7/15) in chronic phase in the control group (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The umbilical therapy combined with moxibustion could improve the symptoms of diarrhea and shorten the recovery time in children of different ages with autumn diarrhea, which have better efficacy than montmorillonite powder.

New records of medicinal plants in Tibet / 中国中药杂志

By the fourth survey of Chinese medicinal resources, new medicinal plants records of 2 genera and 5 species were reported in Tibet. They are two genera Rhynchoglossum and Asteropyrum, and five species including Rh. obliquum, A. peltatum, Urena repanda, Schefflera khasiana and Mimulus tenellus. All the voucher specimens are preserved in Herbarium of Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University.

A new dihydroflavone from Mirabilis himalaica / 药学学报

A new dihydroflavone:mirabiflavone (1), together with two known compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the roots of Mirabilis himalaica by using various chromatographic techniques, such as silica gel column, Sephadex LH-20 column, and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated as syringaresinol (2) and lariciresinol (3) by spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 2 and 3 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Advances in CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing system / 基础医学与临床

CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing system has been broadly used in various fields of bioscience and medicine in recent years. The system can be guided by RNA to specific DNA site thus achieving targeted gene editing.Off-target effect and editing efficiency remain to be two crucial challeges to the system. Currently, a number of researches have been focused on the optimization of the system by reducing off-target effects and increasing editing efficiency, which may enhance its safety and expand its application.

Molecular cloning and characterization of CMK from Artemisia annua / 中国中药杂志

Artemisinin is a preferred medicine in the treatment of malaria. In this study, AaCMK, a key gene involved in the upstream pathway of artemisinin biosynthesis, was cloned and characterized from Artemisia annua for the first time. The full-length cDNA of AaCMK was 1 462 bp and contained an ORF of 1 197 bp that encoded a 399-anomo-acid polypeptide. Tissue expression pattern analysis showed that AaCMK was expressed in leaves, flowers, roots and stems, but with higher expression level in glandular secretory trichomes. In addition, the expression of AaCMK was markedly increased after MeJA treatment. Subcellular localization showed that the protein encoded by AaCMK was localized in chloroplast. Overexpression of AaCMK in Arabidopsis increased the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids. These results suggest that AaCMK plays an important role in the biosynthesis of terpenoids in A. annua and this research provids a candidate gene that could be used for engineering the artemisinin biosynthesis.

Recombinant Expression and Purification of Mouse Nectin-like 4 Glycoprotein in 293ET Cell Line / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To screen the transient and stable cell lines with high production of Nectin-like 4 (Necl-4) protein. Methods First, cDNA sequences encoding the extracellular domain of Necls were cloned into the modified vector pAPtag at the N terminus of alkaline phosphatase (AP) for fusion expression. Next, 293ET cells stably expressed Necls-AP fusion protein and secreted it into the culture medium which were detected by the AP activity assay and Western blot analysis. Then, by adding N-glycosylation processing inhibitor kifunensine into the medium, complex glycan was inhibited to generate. The residual glycan of purified protein was removed by endoglycosidase H. Finally, AP protein was removed by using human rhinovirus protease and size exclusion chromatography. The concentration of purified Necl-4 protein was monitored by measuring the absorbance at 280 nm and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Result The transient and stable cell lines with high production of Necl-4 protein were screened by the color reaction with the AP-tag in the recombinant vector. The soluble and active form of purified Necl-4 protein was obtained after deglycosylation of native N-glycan protein with an expression level of 4 mg/L culture and purity of 95%. Conclusions By using modified AP mammalian protein expression system, we can easily screen the high productive stable cell lines by using AP activity assay. By adding mannosidase inhibitor kifunensine into the medium and cutting purified protein by using endoglycosidase H, we can obtain deglycosylated Necl-4 protein in milligram quantities. Our method might throw a light on the expression and purification of glycoprotein for structural and functional studies.

Astragaloside Ⅳ Protects Against Aβ1-42-induced Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Impairment in Rats / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective action of astragaloside Ⅳ (AS-Ⅳ) on spatial learning and memory impairment induced by amyloid-beta 1-42 (Aβ1-42) in rats and elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods Adult-male Sprague-Dawley rats (230-250 g) were divided into six groups randomly: control, Aβ1-42, AS-Ⅳ, Aβ1-42 plus 5 mg/kg·d AS-Ⅳ, Aβ1-42 plus 25 mg/kg·d AS-Ⅳ, and Aβ1-42 plus 50 mg/kg·d AS-Ⅳ groups. Aβ1-42 were delivered by intracerebroventricular injection under the guidance of a brain stereotaxic apparatus. The Morris water maze test (hidden platform test, probe trials, visible platform test) was performed one week after Aβ1-42 injection to obtain the ability of rat spatial learning and memory. AS-Ⅳ (5, 25 and 50 mg/kg·d) was administrated intraperitoneally once per day from the 8th day after Aβ1-42 injection for 5 consecutive days. Average escape latencies, distances for searching for the platform under water and the percentage of total time elapsed and distance swam in the right quadrant after removing platform were determined by behavior software system. The vision and swim speeds of rats were also determined to exclude the effect of these factors on the parameters of learning and memory. After behavioral tests, the rats were sacrificed immediately by decapitation. Hippocampus were collected. The enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) and catalase (CAT) in the hippocampus obtained from different-treated rat brain were measured by following the manufacturer's instructions. The levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in tissue lysates were assayed with ELISA. Results The water maze test results indicated that chronic treatments with AS-Ⅳ effectively protected the rats from Aβ1-42-induced spatial learning and memory impairment. Furthermore, the activities of SOD, GSH-px and CAT decreased by Aβ1-42 were also restored by AS-Ⅳ treatment in the hippocampus of rats. In addition, AS-Ⅳ significantly decreased the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the hippocampus of Aβ1-42-induced amnesia's rats. Conclusion Our findings suggest that AS-Ⅳ might be a useful chemical in improving the spatial memory and relieving the oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer patients.

RNA-binding Protein UNR Promotes Glioma Cell Migration and Regulates the Expression of Ribosomal Protein L9 / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To investigate the role of RNA binding protein─upstream-of-N-Ras (UNR) in the development of glioma and its molecular mechanism.Methods First, bioinformatics analysis of CGGA database was performed to detect UNR expression level and prognosis of patients with glioma. Western blot and real-time PCR were used to detect UNR expression level in glioma cell lines and tissues. Next, UNR siRNAs were transfected in glioma cells, and MTS assay and scratch wound-healing assay were used to detect changes in cell proliferation and migration. Then, the candidate UNR target mRNAs were identified by analyzing the sequencing data of UNR iCLIP-seq, RNA sequencing and ribosome profiling databases of human melanoma. RNA immunoprecipitation and biotin pull-down assays were used to identify the UNR target mRNAs in glioma cells. Finally, western blot was used to detect the effect of UNR knockdown on ribosomal protein L9 (RPL9) and RPL9 protein expression level in glioma cell lines. RPL9 siRNA was transfected in A172 and T98G and the expression of vimentin in the cells was detected with western blot.Results Bioinformatics analysis showed that UNR mRNA expression level was significantly higher in high-grade glioma [Grade 2 (n=126), Grade 3 (n=51), Grade 4 (n=128), P<0.001]. UNR high expression levels were associated with poor prognosis (P=0.0177). UNR had high expression level in glioma cell lines and patient samples compared with normal cell lines and normal brain samples (P<0.01). Knockdown of UNR inhibited glioma cells migration (P<0.05), but did not inhibit glioma cells growth in three glioma cell lines. UNR binded the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of PTEN and RPL9 mRNAs. RPL9 protein was significantly highly expressed in most glioma cell lines (n=9) and knockdown of UNR resulted in a downregulation of RPL9 protein expression. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related marker─vimentin was positively regulated by RPL9.Conclusions UNR could bind to the 3'UTR of PTEN and RPL9 in glioma cell lines, therefore promoting glioma cell migration and regulating the expression of RPL9. Here, we establish a link between UNR and RPL9 protein, which will provide new ideas for the further study of glioma.

Study on mechanism of down-regulation of SLP-2 gene expression on proliferation and apoptosis of glioma cells / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of downregulation of SLP-2 gene expression on proliferation and apoptosis of brain glioma cells.Methods:The targeting siRNA sequence of SLP-2 transfected U251 human glioma cells,blank group (without any cell treatment)and negative control group (cell transfected nonsense siRNA sequence)were set,Western blot was used to detect the expression of SLP-2,Bcl-2,Bax,Notch1,Hes1 protein after transfected 48 h;cell proliferation was detected by CCKg;cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry.Results:The protein expression of SLP-2 in negative control group had no significant difference with the control group (P＞0.05),and the expression of SLP-2 protein in SLP-2 knock down group was significantly lower than control group (P＜0.05);cell survival rate,apoptosis rate,mRNA expression of IL-6,TNF-α and Bcl-2,Bax,Notch1,Hes1 protein expression in the negative control group and the blank group had no significant difference (P＞0.05),cell survival rate,mRNA expression of IL-6 and TNF-α and the expression of Bcl-2,Notch1,Hes1 protein in SLP-2 knock down group was significantly lower than control group,the apoptosis rate and the expression of Bax protein was significantly higher than control group (P＞0.05).Conclusion:Downregulation of SLP-2 gene expression can significantly inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of glioma cells,down regulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α,and the mechanism is related to the inhibition of Notch1 signaling pathway.

Morphology of intervertebral disc in Chinese adults evaluated using computer tomography three-dimensional imaging / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: The artificial disc requires a height, a width, and a shape as much as possible to be similar to the original intervertebral disc in order to perfectly distribute the load. At present, most of the data are from foreign countries or measured using X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging, but there are some shortcomings. OBJECTIVE: To diagnose the spinal disease and provide data for the design of a native lumbar disc device by measuring the normal lumbar intervertebral disc using computer tomography (CT). METHODS: A total of 2 235 patients who underwent lumbar CT examination in Liuzhou Worker's Hospital from January 2012 to May 2017 were collected and analyzed. There were 62 cases, including 45 males and 17 females, after being strictly met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. From the age of 20, they were divided into four groups: 20-30, 31-40, 41-50 and more than 50 years old. The range was from L1to S1. The measurement index include intervertebral disc anteroposterior diameter, transerverse diameter, disc volume, sagittal anterior, middle and posterior height, coronal left and right height, and interverterbral angle. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In terms of age, there was a statistically significant difference in measurement indexes between L1/2, L2/3 and L3/4(P < 0.05). Therefore, the factor of age should be taken into account. However, there was no statistically significant difference between L4/5and L5/S1segments (P > 0.05). (2) There was a statistical difference between the anterior and middle height of the sagittal position in L4/5and L5/S1(P < 0.05). (3) There were statistical differences between the angles of L2/3, L3/4, L4/5, L5/S1intervertebral space (P <0.05), but the difference of angle between L4/5and L5/S1was the most. (4) There was no statistical difference in the height between the left and right sides of the coronal position (P > 0.05). (5) There was statistical difference between the anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the disc on the adjacent cross section (P < 0.05). (6) The results showed that the lower the segment, the smaller the statistical difference between each group. It is indicated that the age difference should be considered on the L1/2, L2/3, and L3/4segments in the design of lumbar disc or interbody fusion. The lumbar artificial intervertebral disc can be placed in the middle or side. The artificial disc should be designed into the wedge shape instead of a rectangle. These will provide a good anatomical basis for the design of domestic lumbar artificial intervertebral discs.