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Objective To study the correlation between fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUA) and blood uric acid,body mass index (BMI),blood pressure,blood glucose,blood lipid and other metabolic factors in patients with primary gout.Methods Sixty-two patients with primary gout (gout group) and 32 healthy people (control group) were selected in this study.Gout group was divided into uric acid excretion decreasing group (FEUA ＜ 7％,29 cases),mixed group (7％ ≤FEUA ≤ 12％,25 cases) and uric acid production increasing group (FEUA ＞ 12％,8 cases) according to the level of FEUA.The fasting blood glucose (FPG),2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2 h PBG),blood lipid,serum creatinine,blood uric acid,glycosylated hemoglobin were tested.24 hours urine was collected and urinary uric acid and urinary creatinine was measured,FEUA was calculated and analyzed.Results BMI,mean arterial pressure,blood uric acid,glycosylated hemoglobin,total cholesterol,2 h PBG in gout group was higher than that in control group,and high density lipoprotein cholesterol,FEUA was lower than that in control group,and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in age,FPG,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,triacylglycerol between two groups (P＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference in age,blood uric acid,FPG,2 h PBG,glycosylated hemoglobin,total cholesterol,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,high density hpoprotein cholesterol among uric acid excretion decreasing group,mixed group and uric acid production increasing group (P ＞ 0.05),and there was significant difference in BMI,mean arterial pressure,triacylglycerol,FEUA among three groups(P＜ 0.05).FEUA was negatively correlated with blood uric acid in control group and gout group (r =-3.900,-0.476,P ＜0.05).FEUA was positively correlated with 24 h urinary uric acid in gout group (r =0.465,P =0.001),and nagatively correlated with triacylglycerol (r =-0.304,P ＜ 0.05).Pearson analysis showed that FEUA was negatively correlated with blood uric acid in uric acid excretion decreasing group (FEUA ＜ 7％) (r =-0.392,P ＜ 0.05),FEUA was positively correlated with blood uric acid in non uric acid excretion decreasing group (FEUA ≥7％)(r =0.437,P ＜ 0.05),but 24 h urinary uric acid was not correlated with blood uric acid(P ＞ 0.05).Multi-stepwise regression analysis showed that blood uric acid,glycosylated hemoglobin,FEUA was significantly correlated with the onset of the gout (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Besides blood uric acid level,there are significant changes in primary gout in blood pressure,serum glucose and lipid levels.FEUA could be used to estimate the ability of renal excrete the uric acid.Mean arterial pressure,glycosylated hemoglobin and FEUA are the risk factors for gout.
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Objective To develop a stable and quick method to determine the urea in swimming pool water.Methods On the conditions of strong acid and calefaction,urea can react on antipyrine and diacetyl monoxime and become yellow which can be determined by colorimetric analysis in 450 nm with the ALLIANCE FUTURA continuous flow injection auto analysis system.Results Determined by this method,the linear range was 0.5-4.0 mg/L,the regression equation was y=0.077 5x+0.021 9,the correlative coefficient r=0.999,the detection limit was 0.07 mg/L.With residual chlorine of 0.3 and 3.0 mg/L,the recovery rates were 98.8%-104.0% and did not disturb the determination.The results determined by the present method were the same as those by the method in GB/T 18204.29-2000(Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test:Z=0.051,P=0.959).Conclusion Determination of the urea in swimming pool water with continuous flow injection auto analysis,the sensitivity,accuracy and limit of determination can meet to the requirement,moreover,the analysis speed is faster,less reagent will be needed,the present method can be generalized in the laboratory that has the conditions.
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Objective To study the method for determination of pentachlorophenol(PCP) in water by headspace solid phase microextraction(SPME) gas chromatography. Methods Pentachlorophenol in water samples was extracted using optimized SPME technology, separated by SE30 chromatographic column and the content of pentachlorophenol in water was determined by electron capture detector (ECD) under the conditions: adjusting water samples to pH 2.0, to maintain an agitating equilibrium concentrations at 60 ℃ for 40 min, headspace absorption for 10 min using extraction head holding polyacrylic ester-coated microfiber (0.83 ?m in thickness), desorption at 280 ℃ for 3 min. Results The detection limit of the method was 0.13 ?g/L. The correlation coefficient r=0.999 was noticed in range of pentachlorophenol concentrations 0-12 ?g/L. When adding standard material of pentachlorophenol at concentrations of 1 ?g/L, 6 ?g/L, 10 ?g/L, the recovery rates were 88.9%-105.0%, 88.9%-102.8% and 98.0%-99.5% respectively and the RSD were 4.9%-8.4%, 3.1%-8.5% and 4.0%-5.4%(n=6)respectively. Conclusion The method was simple, sensitive, stable and without solvent pollution, which was an ideal method for determination of pentachlorophenol in water.