ABSTRACT
According to the analysis of PreQin society and history, it is concluded that influenced by special historical conception and low productivity of that time, ancient doctors were able to know the concept “Brain controls consciousness”. The structure of the Five-Zang Theory of TCM was constructed according to the concept of Five-Element Theory and the similarities between nature and human. So they had to enact “Heart controls consciousness” to complete the function of brain with heart instead. Most details of five-zang theory come from long-term medical practices and daily life, so the structure can guide the medical practices correctly. The concept “Heart controls consciousness” was brought about by many factors. After Qin and Han Dynasties, gradually, people used to keep this routinism. Similar to other historical events, formation of these concepts proposed by ancient physicians and philosophers is inevitable. We should analyze these problems formed in history objectively and completely, but not praise or criticize them blindly.