ABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the pathologic types and clinical characteristics of lymphoma in Shandong, China. Methods:The clinical data of lymphoma patients admitted from September 2011 to September 2014 in Shandong Cancer Hospital and the Affiliat-ed Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences were retrospectively analyzed. Data included age, sex, pathologic classification, and onset locus of lymphoma. Results:The clinical data of 520 lymphoma cases were collected. The ratio of male to female was 1.2:1, and the median age was 51 years old. Among these patients, 67 cases (12.9%) were Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), whereas 453 cases (87.1%) were non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Among NHL cases, 75.9% were B-cell NHL and 24.1% were T/ natural killer-cell NHL. Nodular sclerosis classical Hodgkin's lymphoma was the most common pathologic type of HL, comprising 52.2%. The age of HL onset did not present twin peaks. In NHL, 245 cases (54.1%of NHL) were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The constituent ra-tio of DLBCL was higher than in other countries and regions (18%to 42.7%), in which the ratio of male to female was 0.9:1, and the age of onset was slightly earlier (median age was 54 years old). Lymph nodes in the cervical region were the most commonly involved in the disease, and NHL extranodal onset was frequently observed. Conclusion:Among the 520 cases of lymphoma, DLBCL is the most common subtype. Most subtypes show male predominance, but female predominance was observed for DLBCL. The commonly involved sites of extranodal lymphoma are the nasal cavity and gastrointestinal tract.
ABSTRACT
Objective To determine the median effective target plasma concentration (EC50) of propofol inhibiting the response to laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion when combined with dexmedetomidine.Methods ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 20-60 yr,with body mass index 20-25 kg/m2,scheduled for surgeries under general anesthesia,were studied.EC50 of propofol was determined by modified Dixon' s up-and-down sequential experiment.After dexmedetomidine 1.0 μg/kg was infused over 10 min,propofol was infused by targetcontrolled infusion.The initial target plasma concentration of propofol was set at 3.0 μg/ml.LMA was inserted when the target effect-site concentration of propofol and target plasma concentration of propofol reached the balance and BIS value was 50-60.Each time the target concentration increased/decreased by 0.2 μg/ml according to the occurrence of the response to LMA insertion.The response to LMA insertion was defined as the occurrence of coughing,body movement,laryngospasm or systemic voluntary movement.EC50 and 95 ％ confidence interval (CI)of propofol for inhibition of the response to LMA insertion were calculated.Results The EC50 of propofol required for inhibition of the response to LMA insertion was 2.351 (95％ Cl 1.737-2.600) μg/ml when combined with dexmedetomidine 1.0 μg/kg.Conclusion The EC50 of propofol inhibiting the response to LMA insertion is 2.351 μg/ml when combined with dexmedetomidine.