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ObjectiveTo analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics and prevention and control measures of the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Shanghai in 2022， aiming to optimize future prevention and control strategies. MethodsDescriptive statistical method was used to analyze data on daily infections released by the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission from March 1 to June 30， 2022. ResultsAs of 30 June， a total of 627 110 infections and 588 deaths had been reported in Shanghai. Most of the cases were in Pudong New Area （35.47%）， Minhang District （10.18%） and Huangpu District （9.27%）. The cumulative infection rate was 8.78% in Huangpu District， which was the highest among all the districts. With the progress of the pandemic， the prevention and control measures were strengthened from a “precise prevention and control” strategy to “block and grid” screening， and then upgraded to city-wide lockdown. All daily new infections were identified from the quarantined population on April 29， 2022， reaching the goal of “clearance of community transmission”. ConclusionThe cumulative infections in Shanghai exceeded any previous epidemics in mainland China. Given the enhanced transmissibility and vaccine-induced immune escape of the Omicron variant， timely and strong public health measures are needed to suppress the pandemic under the general policy of "Dynamic zero-COVID".
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ObjectiveTo explore the impact of primiparas’ intention to have a second child on their delivery mode. MethodsDuring March 1st， 2019 and November 30th， 2020， the enrolled pregnant women were investigated by questionnaires at two points， first trimester pregnancy registration and post-natal visit at maternal and child healthcare community centers of Xuhui District. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association of willingness of a second birth and their mode of delivery. Results2 000 questionnaires were distributed and 1 664 valid questionnaires were analyzed. The overall cesarean delivery rate in nulliparous women was 40.08% （667/1 664）， with 8.95% （149/1 664） of non-medical indication cesarean delivery. Multiple Logistic regression analysis of overall delivery rate showed that age， willingness to have more children in the future， plan of vaginal delivery at first questionnaire， and complications during pregnancy were associated with overall cesarean delivery rate， and women without the willingness to have more children in the future were more likely to undergo cesarean delivery （OR=1.350， 95%CI： 1.052-1.732）. Age， whether to have a second child in the future， plan of vaginal delivery at first questionnaire， and complications during pregnancy were all factors associated with increased risks of non-medical indicated cesarean delivery， while women with no plan of a second child in the future had nearly 2 times of risk of non-medical indicated cesarean delivery （OR=1.909， 95%CI： 1.117-3.262）. ConclusionThe mode of delivery is affected by many factors， among which willingness to have more children in the future is an important factor associated with increased risks of overall cesarean delivery and non-medical indicated cesarean delivery.
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Radiotherapy is frequently applied in the treatment of malignant gliomas, but it is unclear if radiotherapy exerts its effects via induction of apoptosis. The present study was designed to determine whether a single-fraction gamma-60Co radiation can induce apoptosis. In vitro cytological controlled study performed at a military medical university from October 2006 to June 2008. C6 cells were treated with a single fraction of gamma-60Co radiation at various doses [0, 4, 16, and 64 Gy]. The 3-[4,5]-dimethylthiazol-2]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide [MTT] assay, apoptosis assays using Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate /propidium iodide or Hoechst 33258 staining, and the cell cycle assay were performed, and the expression of p53 and p21 proteins was evaluated. The C6 cell numbers in the 16 Gy and 64 Gy groups were much lower than in the control group at 48, 96, and 144 hours after irradiation. The irradiated cells underwent apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Irradiation also impacted cell cycle progression, arresting cells in the G1 phase. The p53 protein expression was shown in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of irradiated cells, whereas p53 was only expressed in the nucleus of control [untreated] cells. The p21 protein was expressed in irradiated cells but not in control cells. Single-fraction gamma-60Co radiation inhibited C6 cell growth by inducing apoptosis and G1 arrest, which correlated with the up-regulation of the p53-p21 pathway. The extent of apoptosis and G1 arrest was positively correlated with the dose of radiation. Better understanding of apoptosis induced by radiation therapy will help design optimal dosing schedules for radiation therapy, especially in combination with chemotherapy
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Animals, Laboratory , Apoptosis/radiation effects , Cells, Cultured/radiation effects , Rats , Tetrazolium Salts , Thiazoles , Cell Cycle , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 , Cell Proliferation , ImmunohistochemistryABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT) in C6 glioma cell line.Methods C6 cells in exponential phase were divided into 6 groups: untreated control,(~(60)Co?)(4 Gy),~(60)Co? 8 Gy,nuclear reactor exposure without boronophenylalanine(BPA) 3 Gy,BNCT(4 Gy) and BNCT 8 Gy.Cellular morphological change was observed by an inverted microscope,light microscope,fluorescence microscope and electronic microscope.Flow cytometry was used to determine the percentage of apoptosis,necrosis and normal cells 48h after irradiation.Colony forming assay was used to calculate cell surviving fraction.Results Typical morphological changes of apoptosis were observed early after irradiation in BNCT group,with a significant increase in apoptotic rates was observed 48 h after irradiation with 63.2% and 88.3% for BNCT(4 Gy) and 8 Gy group,respectively(P
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Objective:To investigate the effect of PTS on the related pathophysiological changes and serum IL-6 level at different time points after the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rat’s brain.Methods:The model of focal cerebral ischemia of rat was established by the suture-occluded method.The effect of PTS on the behavioral disturbance,the pathological change of ischemia tissue and the level of serum IL-6 at different time points(3d,7d,28d) after MCAO and cerebral ischemia in rats were studied.ResultsAfter MCAO,different degrees of motion disturbances were observed in all rats.The infarct spot can be observed in all groups except the normal.The nerve cell necrosis can be found in all rats after 24 hour of MCAO.The result showed that PTS could improve the degree of motion disturbance,reduce the infarct spot obviously;after MCAO,the serum IL-6 were increased obviously but could be reduced by PTS.Conclusion:PTS can protect the neurons,reduce and eliminate the infiammatory reaction of cerebral ischemia cascade reaction effectively,which may relate to its inhibiting effect on cell factors such as IL-6 production after cerebral ischemia.
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BACKGROUND: There have been reports at home and abroad about effects of estrogen upon the dopamine amount in substantia nigra in the midbrains while the neuroprotective effects of estrogen are still being studied.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of estrogen on dopaminergic neurons and explore the feasibility of preventing and treating Parkinson disease with estrogen.DESIGN: A randomized controlled study based on the experimental animals.SETTING: General neurosurgery institute in a hospital of a military medical university of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The trial was conducted in the General Neurosurgery Institute of Xijing Hospital,the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from October 2003 to February 2004 with 50 healthy,first-grade Wistar rats as subjects. INTERVENTIONS: The rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups with 10in each group. Group 1 was normal control,group 2 sham-operation group,and groups 3,4,5 were ovariectomy groups. In group 3,10 μg of estradiol was administered twice a day ineach rat after ovariectomy. Each rat in group 4 was administered with estrogen antagonist,5 μg tamoxifen twice a day as well as estrogen. In group 5,only ovariectomy was performed. After stereotaxic injection of 6-hydroxydopamin into substantia nigra in the midbrains,the TH positive neurons were labeled and counted with immunohistochemic method and the rat's behavior was observed.MIAN OUTCOME MEASURES:①the circles of rat's rotation provoked by apomorphine.②the TH positive neuron count in the middrains of rat's substantia nigra 30 days after ovariectomy.RESULTS: Baseline characteristics among the groups were no difference ( P ＞ 0.05). The result of group 3 was different from that of group 5 ( P＜ 0.05 ). The result of group 4 was also different from that of group 3 and group 5 (P ＜ 0.05) . The TH positive neuron count in the midbrains ingroup 3 also differed from that in other groups( P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Estrogen acts as a neuroprotectant of the nigral dopaminergic neurons in the midbrains not only through estrogen receptor-dependent pathways but probably also through others.
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Objective To study the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) containing fibrin glue(FG) on re-endotheliazation, cell proliferation and intimal hyperplasia in a canine model of carotid artery endothelium injury. MethodsThe effect of FG/VEGF/heparin versus FG alone treatment was evaluated at the time point of 10, 30, and 90 days by measuring the intima/media (I/M) ratio and cell proliferation by BrdU incorporation using immunohistochemistry. EC coverage was determined by SEM. ResultsCompared with normal saline control, FG/VEGF/heparin treatment significantly increased EC coverage at day 10 and at day 30 (P