Recent Advances in Biodegradative Mechanism of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Aerobic Bacteria / 微生物学通报

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which consist of two or more fused aromatic rings, are ubiquitous pollutants in the environment, and are of concern because of their toxic and carcinogenic poten- tial. In nature, the aerobic bacterial bio-treatment of contamination with PAHs is of the major route. It is ob- vious that the degraders are more useful for the bioremediation of contaminated environments and may be potentially used in a wide of application. Therefore, many researchers have been focusing on the biodegra- dations of PAHs by various aerobic bacteria. In the last two decades, the mechanism of degradation in bacte- ria capable of aero-biotic utilizing PAHs has been well investigated in genetic studies such as diversities of genes of PAHs metabolism, the genes which participate directly in PAHs metabolism and the genetics me- chanism of bacterial population and so on. In brief, most of PAH-catabolic genes are classed into two groups according to their identity. One group is called "the nah-like genes", the other group, i.e. "the nah-unlike genes" is different from the nah-like genes. The different molecular genetics mechanisms of bacterial popu- lation adapted to PAH compound will be dealt with in three groups: (i) point mutations, (ii) gene transfer, and (iii) DNA rearrangements and absentation. In this review, some genetic knowledge about aerobic bacte- ria with the mechanism for the degradation of PAHs is summarized.

The Recent Advances in Halophilic Microorganisms for Environmental Bioremediation / 微生物学通报

As a result of various anthropogenic activities,natural saline environment polluted by contaminants and the environment polluted by both contaminants and salts frequently occur.In these saline environments,non-halophilic microorganisms have ineffective bioremediation,even lose the function of bioremediation.Halophilic microorganisms are able to thrive in high salt conditions.It is obvious that the halophilic degraders are more useful for the bioremediation of contaminated saline environments and may be potentially used in a wide of application.The objective of this review is to summarize the research progresses of halophiles in the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons,aromatic hydrocarbon ramifications,and organophosphorous.