ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the teaching effect of flipped classroom teaching mode supported by the 3D printing model in the embryology experiment. Methods Totally 76 students from class 2016 were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group previewed the embryo 3D models before class and taught other students in class, while the control group did not preview the embryo 3D models before class. An embryo knowledge test and a questionnaire survey were carried out before and after the experimental class to compare the differences of knowledge mastery and self-evaluation between the two groups. Results In the aspect of self-evaluation, the self-evaluation of the experimental group students in explaining the causes and explaining the process of development was significantly improved after the lecture (P<0.05), while the self-evaluation of the control group students in identifying the structure, understanding knowledge, telling the causes and explaining the process of development was significantly improved (P< 0.05). In terms of knowledge test scores, the scores of students in the experimental group and the control group after teaching were higher than those before teaching (P < 0.05). The improvement of the knowledge test in the control group was significantly higher than that in the experimental group (P<0.05). The experiment group' s grades of knowledge test were significantly higher than the control group in the second experiment. 70.27% of the students thought that they were still lack of knowledge in the introspection of the causes of wrong answers. The misunderstanding of English nouns (15.54%), psychological factors (5.41%) and other factors (8.78%) also caused the students to lose points in the knowledge tests. Conclusion The combination of the 3D printing model and the flipped classroom teaching mode can effectively improve the teaching effect, which should be paid attention to in the reform of embryology experimental teaching.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To establish a preparation method for verbascoside and isoverbascoside with high purity from Pediculariskansuensis. Methods: With the contents of verbascoside and isoverbascoside as indexes, static and dynamic adsorption-desorption were used to select the best macroporous resin from 01A1, D101, HPD100, AB-8, XAD-6, DM130, DM-301, DM-201, YWD06B, and YWD06C. The purification technology parameters of total phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) from P. kansuensis were optimized by selected macroporous resin. Medium pressure column chromatography was further used to purify verbascoside and isoverbascoside. The chemical structures were identified on the basis of the spectral data. Results: D101 type resin showed the best purifying profile, its optimum technology conditions were as follows: Sample injection concentration was 20 mg/mL, sample flow rate was 3 BV/h, then washing off the impurity with 3 BV deionized water, and being eluted by 5 BV 50% ethanol with the desorption rate at 2 BV/h. The 50% ethanol fraction was evaporated and dried with cry desiccation to obtain the total PhGs. The contents of verbascoside and isoverbascoside in total PhGs were 42.29% and 28.51%, respectively. After purified by medium pressure column chromatography, the contents of prepared verbascoside and isoverbascoside reached 98.3% and 99.2%, respectively. Conclusion: This method can be used for the large-scale preparation of verbascoside and isoverbascoside with high purity, which is rapid, simple, and practicable with high efficiency.