Effect of reactive oxygen species on 1,4-benzoquinone-induced mitophagy / 预防医学

Objective To investigate whether the metabolite of benzene, 1, 4-benzoquinone (1, 4-BQ) , can activate PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitocphagy and the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in 1, 4-BQ induced mitophagy in vitro. Methods Human promyelocytic leukemia cells HL60 were used as the test cells, and were divided into control group, 1, 4-BQ group (10 μM 1, 4-BQ treated cells for 24 h), NAC group (5 mM antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine treated cells for 24 h) and 1, 4-BQ+NAC group (5 mM NAC preincubated for 1 h prior to the treatment with 10 μM 1, 4-BQ for 24 h) . The ultra structure of the cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the expression of mitophagy related protein LC3, PINK1 and Parkin were detected by Western blot, and the intracellular ROS content was determined by DCFH-DA staining. Results The mitochondria in the control group showed a normal rod-shaped structure with clear mitochondrial cristae, while in the 1, 4-BQ group, the mitochondria showed a swollen structure with less mitochondrial cristae, and typical double-membrane mitophagosomes were observed. LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio, the expression of PINK1, Parkin protein and ROS content in 1, 4-BQ group were increased compared with the control group (P <0.05) , and this increase was markedly blocked by the co-treatment of 1, 4-BQ and NAC (P <0.05) . Conclusion The 1, 4-BQ can induce PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy and ROS plays a significant role in 1, 4-BQ-induced mitophagy.

An analysis on accidental death occurrence intensity and trend among children under 5 in Wenzhou / 预防医学

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trends of accidental death among children under 5 in Wenzhou during the period of 2007—2016, and to provide basis for the intervention program of accidental death in children. Methods The accidental death case of children in Wenzhou during 2007—2016 were collected,then the variation intensity, trend, and cause of death spectrum of accidental death were analyzed. Results The accidental death rate of children under 5 in this city showed a downward trend (P<0.05) during 2007—2016, with 12.38 per ten thousand on average. The accidental death rate of children in rural area was 13.26 per ten thousand, which was higher than 9.99 per ten thousand in urban area (P<0.05) . The accidental death gap between urban and rural children was narrowed down (P<0.05) . The unintentional death rate of floating children was 18.56 per ten thousand, and was higher than that of local children which was 9.44 per ten thousand (P<0.05) . The first cause of accidental death in children under 5 was accidental asphyxia, but drowning (46.38%) was more prominent in the 1-4 year old children. Conclusion In Wenzhou, the first cause of accidental death in children under 5 was accidental asphyxia.The accidental death of migrant children was significantly higher than local children.These characteristics have a good directional effect on future intervention measures.

An analysis on the influencing factors of unintentional injuries among elementary school children in Wenzhou City / 预防医学

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and the influencing factors of the unintentional injuries among Wenzhou elementary school children. Methods A total of 3 050 students were selected from the 1st to 6th grades in 6 primary schools in Wenzhou urban area by multi - stage sampling and were investigated during 2013 to 2015. Results 2 859 students completed the investigation. The morbidity of annual average unintentional injuries was 30. 81%(95% CI:29. 12% - 32. 50% )and the occurrence density was 2. 79. Unintentional injuries occurred mainly at home (37. 69% )and school(32. 39% ),and the most common site of injuries were leg(35. 02% )and hand(33. 79% ). For overall incidence,the slip falling injury(35. 64% )was highest,followed by cut or pierced(33. 40% )and crush injury (25. 08% ). Schoolgirl was a protective factor of the injury of crushed,electrical,traffic accident,bashed,burn , exploded,drown,poisoning and bit(OR ﹤ 1),but was a risk factor of multiple injuries(OR = 1. 323). Age was a risk factor of injury of fallen,crushed,bashed,burn,cut or pierced,exploded and bit(OR ﹥ 1. 1),but was a protective factor of poisoning(OR = 0. 671). compared with the students who walked to school alone,the children who were accompanied by their family member and rode alone to school were protective factors of the traffic accident. Conclusion The incidences of the unintentional injuries of elementary school children were increased with the age,and the boy was easier to be hurt. It was suggested for parents,schools and the government to strengthen healthy education for children at the early age.

Effect of lead exposure on gene expression of Fgf3 in zebrafish embryonic development / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of lead exposure on the gene expression of fibroblast growth factor 3 (Fgf3) in zebrafish embryonic development and the mechanism of lead-induced embryonic developmental toxicity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The embryos of zebrafish (wild types A and B) were exposed to lead acetate (PbAc) at the doses of 0, 0.1, 0.5, 2.5, and 12.5 µmol/L separately. Total RNA was extracted from each treatment group of zebrafish embryos at 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours post fertilization (hpf). The total mRNA expression of Fgf3 was measured by real-time quantitative PCR. The spatial expression of Fgf3 in zebrafish embryos was determined by whole-mount in situ hybridization using synthesized Fgf3 RNA probe.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mRNA expression of Fgf3 in each group peaked at 12 hpf (P < 0.01). With the increase in PbAc concentration, the mRNA expression of Fgf3 rose. Compared with the mRNA expression level of Fgf3 in the control group, the relative mRNA expression levels of Fgf3 in the 0.1, 0.5, 2.5, and 12.5 µmol/L PbAc exposure groups were 1.02 ± 0.24, 1.05 ± 0.26, 1.22 ± 0.46, and 1.25 ± 0.38, respectively, and the 2.5 and 12.5 µmol/L PbAc exposure groups showed significantly higher Fgf3 expression than the control group (P < 0.05). The whole-mount in situ hybridization results showed that Fgf3 expression occurred mainly in the head and tail in the early stage of embryonic development and in the midbrain, fin bud, and pharyngeal arch in the middle/late stage of embryonic development; there were the most significant regions and intensities of positive hybridization signals at 12 hpf; but no significant differences were found between the control group and exposure groups in the location and intensity of Fgf3 expression</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Lead exposure can result in the upregulation of Fgf3 expression in zebrafish embryonic development, which might contribute to lead-induced embryonic developmental toxicity.</p>

mRNA expression and methylation status of p15 promoter in mouse bone marrow cells exposed to 1,4-benzoquinone / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the expression and the CpG island methylation status of tumor suppressor gene p15 after exposure to 1,4-benzoquinone (1,4-BQ) in primary cultivated C57BL/6J mouse bone marrow cells in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The mouse bone marrow cells were isolated in vitro. The effect of 0, 0.1, 1, 5, 10, 20, and 40 µmol/L 1,4-BQ on cell viability (CKK-8) was detected. 0, 0.1, 1, 10 µmol/L 1,4-BQ were used to intoxicate the mouse bone marrow cells for 24 h; Real-time PCR was employed to analyze the mRNA expression level of p15; The bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) was used to look into the methylation status of CpG islands in p15 promoter region.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1,4-BQ exhibited dose-dependent toxicity to mouse bone marrow cells, and the LC(50) was 8.3 µmol/L (95%CI: 4.6 - 10.6 µmol/L). The mRNA expression of p15 in 10 µmol/L group was only equivalent to 43% of control group. Compared with control group, the decrease of p15 mRNA expression in1 and 10 µmol/L concentration were obvious, and the differences had statistical significance (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). BSP sequencing results were same between the exposure groups and control group, the 56 CpG sites on CpG islands remained in the state of unmethylated.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>mRNA expression of p15 gene decreases after exposure to 1,4-BQ, but the CpG islands methylation status in promoter is not affected, suggesting that methylation does not participate in 1,4-BQ-mediated p15 gene expression decrease, other effect mechanisms still need to be investigated.</p>

Meta-analysis of clinical effectiveness of on-flap and off-flap epi-LASIK for myopia / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Recently,whether the epithelial flaps should be removed or preserved during the Epi-LASIK and its affection on clinical results are concerned.Objecfive This system analysis was to evaluate and compare the clinical effectiveness between on-flap Epi-LASIK and off-flap epi-LASIK for myopia. Methods A systematic literature retfieval was conducted in the MEDLINE,EMBase,Coehrane Library,CBM disc,CNKI from 2003 through 2009.The possible differences in reepithelization time,pain sensation,and haze after surgery were compared between on-flap and off-flap Epi-LASIK for myopia.The statistical analysis was performed using a RevMan 4.2 software.The data was extracted,and the methodological quality was evaluated by two reviewers independently with weighted mean difierence(WMD)for the effectiveness analysis and odds ratio(OR)for counting variable.The quality of included literature was scored according to the Jadad Scale. Results A total of 8 studies involving 251 patients(502 eyes)were included in the meta-analysis.Of these eight studies.five studies were randomized clinical trials and the other three studies were retrospective cohort studies.Compared with on-flap Epi-LASIK group,off-flap Epi-LASIK group had a better postoperative outcome in the mean reepithelization time(WMD=1.32,95％CI-1.82to-0.82,P<0.01)and pain scores at 3,5 day(WMD=-O.99,95％CI-1.71 to-0.28,P(0.01)(WMD=-0.94.95％CI-1.35 to-0.54,P<0.01)after surgery.No significant difierenees were found in the eye numbers of haze at 1 month(OR=0.62,95％C1 0.34 to 1.12,P=0.11),3 months(OR=0.70,95％C1 0.31 to 1.55,P=0.38)and 6 months(OR=1.14,95％C1 0.58 to 2.26,P=0.71)between these two types of operation.The pain scores at the first day after surgery was not significantly different between these two groups(WMD=-0.17,95％CI -0.55 to 0.20,P=0.37). Conclusion The effectiveness of off-flap Epi-LASIK is superior to on-flap Epi-LASIK for myopia.Some high-quality randomlizd and control studies are needed for the further clinical evaluation.