ABSTRACT
This paper explains the mechanism of the mutual switching between physiological sleep and wakefulness from the aspects of the sleep circadian system and the sleep homeostasis system. In the circadian rhythm system, with the suprachiasmatic nucleus as the core, the anatomical connections between the suprachiasmatic nucleusand various systems that affect sleep are summarized, starting from the suprachiasmatic nucleus, passing through the four pathways of the melatonin system, namely, subventricular area of the hypothalamus, the ventrolateral nucleus of the preoptic area, orexin neurons, and melatonin, then the related mechanisms of their regulation of sleep and wakefulness are expounded. In the sleep homeostasis system, with adenosine and prostaglandin D2 as targets, the role of hypnogen in sleep arousal mechanisms in regulation is also expounded.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To systematically and comprehensively analyze coumarin components in Angelicae Sihensis Radix by an efficient and stable HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS method,in order to offer the theoretical basis to develop coumarin,establish the quality control standard and apply in clinic. Method:The separation effect of coumarin components was extracted by adjusting the column,temperature,mobile phase,flow rate,sample concentration and other conditions,and various coumarin components in Angelicae Sihensis Radix were identified by corresponding standards,precise molecular mass,polarity,pyrolysis pattern. Result:In this study,a high-efficiency and stable coumarin separation method was established that can be used to separate complex components,and 14 coumarin components were identified in this study,including phellopterin and osthenol that were rarely reported as effective components in Angelicae Sihensis Radix. Major fragment ions of coumarin components were analyzed. The cleavage in methoxy bond or anisole bond on the parent nucleus was the primary pattern for coumarin components, which was summarized for detecting unknowing coumarins. Conclusion:Abundant coumarins were contained in Angelicae Sihensis Radix. Further qualitative and quantitative analysis of coumarins are conducive to improving the quality standards of Angelicae Sihensis Radix,and providing reference for the development of coumarins and clinical application of Angelicae Sinensis Radix.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the synergistic antihypertensive effect of Dilong Jiangya Capsules on patients with essential hypertension with subclinical atherosclerosis of liver yang hyperactivity type and its effect on arteriosclerosis. Methods Totally 120 patients with essential hypertension with subclinical atherosclerosis were randomly divided into treatment group (60 cases) and control group (60 cases). Control group received antihypertensive treatment by following the individual, low-dose, long-term, combined principle, while treatment group was given Dilong Jiangya Capsules on the basis of control group, one capsule per time, twice a day, orally taken during early morning and bedtime. The treatment for both groups lasted for six weeks. Blood pressure, carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), pulse wave velocity (PWV) and ankle-brachial index (ABI) were observed before and 2, 4 and 6 weeks after treatment. Blood pressure clinical efficacy was evaluated. Results Two and three cases were lost in the treatment group and control group, respectively. The total effective rate was 91.38% (53/58) in the treatment group and 82.46% (47/57) in the control group, and the treatment group was significantly better than the control group (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, the blood pressure of the two groups was significantly lower (P<0.05), and the treatment group was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, the levels of IMT and PWV in both groups significantly decreased at 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, and ABI at 2, 4 and 6 weeks of treatment decreased significantly (P<0.05). There was statistical difference in IMT and PWV between the two groups at 4 weeks of treatment (P<0.05). There was statistical difference in ABI between the two groups at 2 and 4 weeks of treatment (P<0.05). There was statistical difference in IMT, PWV and ABI between the two groups at 6 weeks of treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion Dilong Jiangya Capsules combined with conventional antihypertensive treatment of essential hypertension with subclinical atherosclerosis can enhance the antihypertensive effect, and improve IMT, PWV and ABI to some extent.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate whether the administration of the ultra-filtration extract from Danggui Buxue Decoction (EDBD) was able to protect cardiomyocytes from oxidative injury of rats induced by hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and its potential mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Myocardial cells from 1- to 2-day-old neonatal rats were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium low-glucose and Ham's F12 medium (1:1), and the cellular injury was induced by H(2)O(2). The ultra-filtration extract mixture from Angelica sinensis and Hedysarum polybotrys was given in three doses of 3.75, 7.5, and 15 mg/mL. Morphological changes of cardiomyocytes were observed by microscope. Survival rate of myocardial cells was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The cardiomyocyte damages were estimated by detecting lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) releases in the medium, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) contents. The levels of caspase-3 and heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) mRNA expression in cardiomyocytes were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The EDBD could protect the cardiomyocytes from H(2)O(2) injury in a dosedependent manner (3.75, 7.50, and 15.00 mg/mL). The EDBD could significantly decrease LDH and CK leakages and intracellular MDA and MPO contents, increase SOD activity, up-regulate hsp70 expression, and down-regulate caspase-3 expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The EDBD has protection on cardiomyocytes injured by H(2)O(2) through improving cell antioxidant ability, up-regulating hsp70 expression, and inhibiting caspase-3 activity.</p>