Effects of Pelvic Floor Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation and Sling Exercise Training on Diastasis Recti Abdominis after Parturition / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To observe the effect of pelvic floor neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and sling exercise training (SET) on diastasis recti abdominis after parturition. Methods:From September to December, 2019, 90 patients with rectus abdominis separation > 2 cm and pelvic floor muscle strength above grade III were randomly divided into three groups, accepting simple pelvic floor NMES (group A), pelvic floor NMES and SET (group B), and simple SET (group C), respectively, for four weeks. The separation distance of rectus abdominis was measured before treatment, two weeks and four weeks after treatment, and four weeks follow-up. Results:The separation distance of rectus abdominis decreased in each group after treatment (F > 8.327, P < 0.01); and it was the least in group B (F > 8.327, P < 0.01), while the multiple comparison results showed that there was no significant difference between group A and group C (P > 0.05). Conclusion:Both pelvic floor NMES and SET can similarly relieve the diastasis recti abdominis after parturition, and it is more effective in combination.

Molecular analysis of TP53, D9S1747, D9S162 and RPS6 in oral squamous cell carcinoma / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlation between the frequency of molecular abnormalities of 4 loci at chromosomal 9p21 (D9S1747, D9S162, RPS6) and 17p13 (TP53) and the clinical characteristics and prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) lesions in 71 patients were manually microdessected. Genomic DNA from these lesions and normal lymphnode tissu or peripheral blood of the same patients were extracted using the Watson's tissue kit. The loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MI) of 17p13 and 9p21 were analyzed by PCR-page electrophoresis after DNA extraction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>LOH and MI were detected in the OSCC of 48 patients (68%). The LOH and MI frequency at chromosomes 17p13 and 9P21 were 56% (35/63) and 59% (40/68) respectively. The LOH and MI frequency at 9p21 was significantly associated with WHO grading (P < 0.01) and lymphonode metastasis (P < 0.01). The LOH and MI frequency at 17p13 was significantly associated with clinical stage (P < 0.05). TP53 genetic aberration and 9p21 genetic aberration were significant prognostic factors for OSCC. The prognosis was poor in the LOH and MI positive group of chromosome 17p13 and 9p21. The frequency of LOH and MI at TP53 was the only independent factor for overall survival (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The LOH and MI of 17p13 and 9p21 were related to clinical stage and lymphonode metastasis. LOH of TP53 was an independent prognostic factor for OSCC.</p>

Expression of p-p38MARK, uPA and Ki-67 in epithelial odontogenic tumour / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>to examine the expression of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38MAPK), urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and Ki-67.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>the specimens of ameloblastoma (AB), keratocystic odontogenic tumour (KCOT), calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT), adenomatoid odontogenic tumour (AOT), calcifying cystic odontogenic tumour (CCOT) and 5 tooth germs were examined immunohistochemically for the expression of p-p38MAPK, uPA and Ki-67.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>p-p38MAPK was detected both in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of the epithelial odontogenic tumour cells and uPA in the cytoplasm of the epithelial odontogenic tumour cells. Among the 65 cases, there were 17 (26%), 51 (78%) and 62 cases (95%) of positive expression of p-p38MAPK, uPA and Ki-67 protein respectively. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant difference in the expression of p-p38MAPK, uPA and Ki-67 between epithelial odontogenic tumor group and tooth germ group (P < 0.05). There were significant correlations among the expression of p-p38MAPK, uPA and Ki-67 (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>the p38MAPK-signaling pathway could promote tumour growth and invasion in epithelial odontogenic tumour by up-regulating uPA protein expression and may play a role in oncogenesis, invasion and proliferation of epithelial odontogenic tumour.</p>

Human papillomavirus as an independent predictor in oral squamous cell cancer / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

<p><b>AIM</b>There is an increasing evidence for the role of high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) in the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relevance of HPV infection to the survival and prognosis of OSCC.</p><p><b>METHODOLOGY</b>Fifty-two patients with OSCC were followed from 4 to 88 months with a median of 50.7 months. HPV DNA was identified in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor specimens by nested PCR with MY09/MY11 and GP5+/GP6+ primer pairs and the HPV genotype was determined by direct DNA sequencing. Association between the HPV status and risk factors for cancer as well as tumor-host characteristics were analyzed. Survival curves were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and analyzed using the log-rank test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HPV was found in 40.4% of the tumors with HPV16 accounting for 63.5%, HPV18 for 30.8%, HPV6 for 3.9% and HPV11 for 1.8%. No infection with more than one HPV genotype was detected. HPV infection was significantly associated with poor histological grade, TNM stage I-II, alcohol usage and no smoking status. Multivariate analysis showed that HPV had an independent prognostic effect on the overall survival after adjusting other confounding factors such as histological grade, TNM stage and tobacco usage. The presence of HPV was significantly correlated with a better survival in patients with OSCC.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HPV infection can act as an independent predictor for the survival and prognosis of OSCC.</p>

Expression of chemokine receptor-7 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its relation to cervical lymph node metastasis / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of chemokine receptor CCR7 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its possible role in directional neck lymph node metastasis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of chemokine receptor CCR7 was examined in 85 cases of OSCC, normal oral mucosa, and Tca8113 and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC-M) cell lines using immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and Western blotting. The relationship between the expression and clinicopathological factors of OSCC was analyzed. After treatment with or without CCR7 antibody, in vitro adhesion assay was performed to compare the adhesion of Tca8113 and ACC-M cells to lymph nodes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CCR7 was expressed in 66% (56/85) of OSCC cases, and there was a significant difference in CCR7 expression between metastasis group (31/39, 79%) and non-metastasis group (25/46, 54%). RT-PCR and Western blotting also confirmed the presence of positive CCR7 expression in OSCC. Tca8113 cells expressing CCR7 showed stronger ability to adhere to lymph nodes as compared to CCR7-negative ACC-M cells and could be actively inhibited by CCR7 antibody.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CCR7 may play an important role in the development and lymph node metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma.</p>

The TP53 and RPS6 alterations at the invasive tumor front, center and stroma of oral squamous cell carcinoma / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the difference of genetic alteration patterns among different areas in the same oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Studied the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MI) at chromosomal loci TP53 and RPS6 on the invasive tumor front (ITF), the center/superficial part and stroma cells by combining laser capture microdissection (LCM) and PCR technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There existed a high frequency of LOH and MI on chromosomes loci TP53 and RPS6. The frequency of RPS6 and TP53 aberration at the stroma was 23.5% (4/17) and 43.8% (7/16), respectively. While in epithelial part (both ITF and center), it reached up to 64.7% (11/17) and 70.6% (12/17) respectively, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). The overall frequency of the two markers was statistically higher at the ITF (20/32) than at the center/superficial part (15/34) (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The current study revealed that genetic alterations were different in different areas of the same tumor and there existed a relationship between the histological grading and genotypes of OSCC.</p>

Investigation of CXCR4 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its influence on proliferation of tumor cells in vitro / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the expression of CXCR4 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its influence on the proliferation of OSCC cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of CXCR4 was evaluated by immunohistochemical study in 91 surgically resected oral squamous cell carcinoma, and the relation between the staining and clinicopathological features was examined. Flow cytometry was used to detect CXCR4 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line. MTT assay was used to evaluate the SDF-1/CXCR4 influence on proliferation of tumor cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of CXCR4 in OSCC was 62.6% and there was a significant association between the expression of CXCR4 and lymph node metastases (P < 0.05), tumor size (P < 0.01) and tumor histology grade (P < 0.01). In flow cytometry, a significant shift in fluorescent staining was seen in cells. In MTT assay, recombinant SDF-1 stimulated proliferation of OSCC cell and CXCR4 neutralization by monoclonal antibodies decreased proliferation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The expression of CXCR4 was significantly correlated with the clinicopathological features and tumor proliferation. CXCR4 might be a valuable biomarker to predict the progression of OSCC.</p>

Expression of nuclear factor-kappaB, Ki-67 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in calcifying odontogenic cyst / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the expression of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), Ki-67 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC), in order to investigate the proliferation and invasion of COC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-six cases of COC were classified into calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (CCOT), dentinogenic ghost cell tumor (DGCT) and ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma (GCOC) based on the WHO classification of odontogenic tumors in 2005. The specimens of COC and 10 classic ameloblastoma (AB) were examined immunohistochemically to determine the expression of NF-kappaB p65, Ki-67 and MMP-9.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>NF-kappaB was mainly detected in the cytoplasm of most tumor cells, but was only detected in the nucleus of few tumor cells (rate of nuclear staining < 1%). The expression of Ki-67 was significantly higher in GCOC than in CCOT (P < 0.001), DGCT (P < 0.05) and AB (P < 0.005). MMP-9 was detected both in tumor cells and stromal cells. GCOC showed significantly higher percentage of MMP-9 positive cases in stromal cells than CCOT, DGCT and AB (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>NF-kappaB may minimally affect the progression and invasion of COC. GCOC shows significantly higher proliferative activity and aggressiveness than CCOT and DGCT. MMP-9 in stroma may play a key role in the invasion of GCOC.</p>

A clinicopathological study of 14 cases of oral granular cell tumor / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To describe clinical and histological features of oral granular cell tumor (OGCT)and discuss their proliferative activity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical and microscopic features were assessed in 14 cases of OGCT collected from the department of oral pathology, college of stomatology of Wuhan University between 1970 and 2003. Immunohistochemical analysis was carried out using antibodies to S-100, NSE and Ki-67 and follow-up was obtained in all cases.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Tongue was the most commonly affected location (13/14). The average age was 32.6 years (range 11 to 50). OGCT occurred more commonly in females (2.5:1). Histologically, the lesions consisted of polygonal cells with abundant, granular cytoplasm. Eleven cases had typical histological features, while 3 specimens were atypical. Growth patterns were expansive in 3/14 and invasive in 11/14, including 3 atypical cases. Immunohistochemical analysis disclosed that 100% of granular cells demonstrated moderated/strong staining for S-100 protein, neuron specific enolase (NSE). Nuclear immunostaining for Ki-67 was observed only in isolated granular cells. Seven patients with benign and two patients with atypical granular cell tumor had no recurrence and metastases. One patient with atypical granular cell tumor had local recurrence after 9 years and died of the disease 10 months later.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>OGCT cells display low proliferation activity. Most OGCTs are benign but few have malignant potential and periodic follow-up is mandatory to detect malignant transformation.</p>

Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of oral teratoid cyst / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of 31 cases of oral teratoid cyst.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-one cases of oral teratoid cyst according with Meyer's diagnosis criteria were retrospectively studied and their histochemistry and immunohistochemistry were performed from the files of Department of Pathology, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University between 1963 and 2003.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty-seven cases (87.10%) were children, and twenty-four cases were congenital. The ratio of male-to-female was 1:0.55, and the affected sites were floor of mouth (22 cases) and tongue (8 cases). Clinical findings were nonspecific, and prognosis was good following complete excision. Histology indicated that squamous, respiratory and/or gastrointestinal epithelium consistiuted basic structure of teratoid cyst in addition to simple cuboidal epithelium in 8 cases. Antibody against AE1/AE3 was strongly expressed and CK16 was weak in four types of epithelial lining of oral teratoid cyst. Expression of AE1, CK7, 8/18, 19 varied in superficial, suprabasal and basal cells of squamous epithelium but were strong in respiratory, gastrointestinal and simple columnar epithelium; only gastrointestinal epithelium expressed CK20 heterogeneously.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Oral teratoid cyst showed the highest incidence in children, and floor of mouth and tongue were mostly affected sites. Features of histology were complex, and immunohistochemistry indicated that epithelium of oral teratoid cyst shared similar patterns of cytokeratin with counterpart of normal tissues, showing different origin and differentiation of epithelial lining of the present cyst.</p>

The relation of nuclear factor kappa B to angiogenesis and clinical outcomes in adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) p65 in relation to angiogenesis microvessel density (MVD) and clinical outcomes in adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands (ACCs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immunohistochemical staining method was used to quantify the protein expression levels of NF-kappaB p65 in 80 surgically resected salivary gland ACC and normal salivary tissues. In all cases of ACCs, microvessel density was evaluated by counting any CD(34)-reactive endothelial cell or endothelial-cell cluster. The patients with ACCs were followed up from 1992 to 2002.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>NF-kappaB p65 was detected in the cytoplasm of normal and ACC cells, but was only in the nucleus of tumor cells; while there was no NF-kappaB p65 nuclear staining in all the controls. The mean value of MVD was (47.07 +/- 13.44), which had significant correlations with NF-kappaB p65 expression (P < 0.01). In three histological types of salivary gland ACC, the expressions of NF-kappaB and MVD were significantly higher in solid type than in cribriform type and tubular type (P < 0.01). NF-kappaB p65 expression and MVD were significantly correlated to clinical stage, tumor size, perineural and vascular invasion, recurrence and metastasis (P < 0.05), but there were no correlations between those three factors and patient age, gender and tumor site (P > 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed NF-kappaB (P < 0.05) expression, MVD (P < 0.01), histotypes (P < 0.01), and perineural invasion (P < 0.05) had an independent prognostic impact on overall survival.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The expression of NF-kappaB p65 was related to MVD, and the correlation between those two factors and clinico-pathological factors and prognosis of ACCs are significant.</p>

The study of proliferation of cells at the invasive tumor front of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the value of the invasive front grading (IFG), the proliferative activity of cells at the invasive tumor front (ITF) of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of tongue.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All the tumors were graded using IFG grading. The expression of PCNA, Ki67 and staining and measurement of AgNOR number were evaluated at the ITF and the other parts of the same tumor.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of PCNA (P < 0.001), Ki67 (P < 0.001), AgNOR number (P < 0.001) at the ITF were higher than those of other parts. The IFG score was significantly correlated with the expression of PCNA (P < 0.05), AgNOR number (P < 0.01) at the ITF. The complete IFG score (P < 0.01) was significant in both univariate and multivariate cox analysis; the AgNOR number at the ITF (P < 0.05) was only significant in univariate analysis (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The ITF of SCCs of tongue differentiate poorer than the other parts and is active in proliferation. The complete IFG score and the AgNOR number at the ITF could be a valuable indication to predict the prognosis of SCCs of tongue.</p>