ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the relationship between substance addiction, T lymphocytes and depression in methamphetamine (MA) withdrawal patients.Methods:A total of 105 men who met the inclusion criteria were selected from compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation center of Baini lake, Hunan Province.All participants were suveyed by desires for drug questionnaire(DDQ) and self-rating depression scale (SDS), and the function of T lymphocyte subsets were detected by flow cytometry.All data were managed and analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 statistical software packages.Results:(1) The respondents were mainly junior high school or below (81.9%), unmarried and divorced (67.6%), unemployed (55.2%), hot suction (47.6%), and careless friends (32.4%), and 67.7% of MA abstinence had depressive symptoms. (2) SDS was positively correlated with desire and intention(DI), negative reinforcement (NR) and CD8+ %( r=0.408-0.897, all P<0.01), while negatively correlated with medication control, CD3+ %, CD4+ %, and CD4+ /CD8+ ( r=-0.792--0.263, all P<0.01). DI had significant positive correlation with CD8 + %( r=0.216, P<0.05), and negative correlation with CD4+ /CD8+ ( r=-0.217, P<0.05). NR had significant positive correlation with CD8 + %( r=0.259, P<0.05), and had significant negative correlations with CD3+ %, CD4+ %, and CD4+ /CD8+ ( r=-0.275-0.200, all P<0.05). Medication cotrol had a significant negative correlation with CD8+ %( r=-0.363, P<0.05), and significant positive correlations with CD4+ % and CD4+ /CD8+ ( r=0.288, 0.261, both P<0.05). (3)The model fitting index showed that DI, NR and medication control had significant direct effects on T lymphocyte subsets (all P<0.05). DI, medication control and T lymphocyte subsets had significant direct effects on self-evaluation of depressive symptoms (all P<0.05). NR, DI and medication control indirectly affected depressive symptoms through T lymphocyte subsets (all P<0.05). There were three path relationships: ① DI indirectly affected SDS via T lymphocyte subsets; ② Medication control indirectly affected SDS via T lymphocyte subsets; ③ NR indirectly affected SDS via T lymphocyte subsets. Conclusion:The structural equation model suggests that the degree of addiction in MA abstinence affecting depressive mood may be related to hypofunctional T lymphocyte subsets and provide methods for the prevention and treatment of drug addiction.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To summarize the research progress of surgical procedures in osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT). Methods: By consulting the related literature of OLT in recent years, the advantages and disadvantages of various surgical treatment schemes were analyzed and summarized. Results: There are many surgical treatments for OLT, including bone marrow stimulation, osteochondral transplantation, autologous chondrocyte transplantation, and biologically assisted therapy. Various schemes have different indications and limitations. With the continuous development of various technologies, the effectiveness of OLT treatment will gradually improve. Conclusion: There are still many difficulties and controversies in the treatment of OLT, and there is no unified treatment plan. It is suggested that individualized operation plan should be formulated according to the specific conditions of patients.