ABSTRACT
Primary hemifacial spasm is a motor disorder of facial muscles related to facial nerve. During the attack, the facial muscles present irregular and involuntary clonus, which can be induced or aggravated by emotional excitement, mental tension and random facial movement, seriously affecting daily work and life. The pathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of the primary hemifacial spasm have been studied extensively in recent years. This article reviews the progress in these aspects.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of radiofrequency thermocoagulation with CT-guided transforaminal puncture of intervertebral foramen through the superior margin of costotransverse joint for refractory post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) in the upper thoracic segment.Methods:Thirty patients with PHN in the upper thoracic segment underwent radiofrequency thermocoagulation with CT-guided intervertebral foramen puncture. The visual analogue scale and self-rating depression scale were used to evaluate the degree of postoperative pain and mental state before and after treatment, and patients were followed by telephone or outpatient visit.Results:No infection occurred after radiofrequency thermocoagulation in all 31 PHN patients. After operation, all patients had hypoesthesia in skin of the original pain area, the pain was significantly relieved, and the mental state improved significantly. The VAS scores were 5.94±0.93, 2.74±0.69, 2.68±0.70 and 2.45±0.51 before and 3 hours, 1 week, 1 month after treatment( t=18.80, t=18.80, t=16.44, all P<0.01). The SDS scores were 58.6±12.2, 47.7±4.4, 48.1±4.8 before and 1 week, 1 month after treatment( t=6.75, t=5.86, all P<0.01). There were 13 patients with moderate or severe depression before treatment, while no patients with moderate or severe depression after treatment; only 5 patients had mild depression one month after surgery. There was no hypoxemia under nasal catheter during the operation. Intraoperative hypertension was found in 19 cases; after treatment with Urapidil (12.5 - 50.0 mg), the blood pressure was not higher by 20% of the basal blood pressure and<180/100 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa). No pneumothorax, perioperative cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents occurred. Conclusion:Radiofrequency thermocoagulation with CT-guided intervertebral foramen puncture through the superior margin of costotransverse joint can effectively relieve refractory PHN of the upper thoracic segment with safety.
ABSTRACT
Objective To compare the operational feasibility and efficacy of inguinal obturator nerve block (ONB) beside the vessel by ultrasound combined with nerve stimulation and traditional ONB guided by nerve stimulation preventing obturator nerve reflex. Methods Forty patients with American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA)Ⅰ or Ⅱ, aged 35~91 years who underwent transurethral electric excision of bladder tumor in our hospital in 2014 were ran-domly divided into beside vessel group (group V, = 20) and traditional group (group T, = 20). Adductor strength was measured before and after the block. Frequencies of obturator nerve block puncture, operation time, visual ana-log scale (VAS) pain score, and incidence of complications were recorded during and after ONB. Results The suc-cess rate of the first puncture was significantly higher in group V than that in group T ( <0.01). The operation time in group V was significantly shorter than that in group T ( < 0.01). The decreased degree of adductor strength has significant difference of the two groups ( < 0.05 or < 0.01). The VAS pain score in group T was higher than that in groups V ( < 0.01). There are two cases contract blood vessel in group T, while none in group V ( < 0.01). There was no case with the local anesthetic toxicity and paresthesia in the area of the obturator nerve and the obtu-rator nerve injury in the two groups. Conclusion Compared with traditional ONB guided by nerve stimulation, in-guinal ONB beside the vessel by ultrasound combined with nerve stimulation showed more accurate positioning, less adjustment, less puncture time, more comfortable and safe.